From a8c5f6a63cc81abd835ad37270d0929e6dc8fab0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhongshujie <2862698242@qq.com>
Date: 星期三, 30 七月 2025 10:21:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Merge branch 'master' of http://182.92.203.7:2001/r/testbookLayout
---
src/books/kindergartenLanguageActivity/view/components/chapter007.vue | 1597 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 files changed, 1,597 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/books/kindergartenLanguageActivity/view/components/chapter007.vue b/src/books/kindergartenLanguageActivity/view/components/chapter007.vue
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,1597 @@
+<template>
+ <div class="chapter" num="8">
+ <div class="page-box" page="169">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(169) > -1">
+ <div class="bodystyle" style="padding-top: 508px">
+ <h1 id="a013">
+ <img class="img-0 coverImg" alt="" src="../../images/z7.jpg" />
+ </h1>
+ <h6>瀛︿範鐩爣鈻�</h6>
+ <p>1.浜嗚В鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩鐨勬蹇点�佺洰鏍囥��</p>
+ <p>2.棰嗕細鏃╂湡闃呰涓庡辜鍎垮彂灞曠殑鍏崇郴銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 3.鎺屾彙浼樼鍥剧敾涔︾殑鍩烘湰鏍囧噯锛岃兘澶熼�氳繃寮�灞曢�傞緞鐨勬棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄤ績杩涘辜鍎胯瑷�鍙戝睍銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 4.鎺屾彙鍚勭闃呰娲诲姩锛屽挨鍏舵槸鍥剧敾涔﹂槄璇绘椿鍔ㄧ殑璁捐涓庡疄鏂界殑鍩烘湰杩囩▼锛屽苟灏濊瘯寮�灞曘��
+ </p>
+ <h6>瀛︿範瀵煎浘鈻�</h6>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img
+ class="img-b"
+ style="width: 100%"
+ alt=""
+ src="../../images/0182-1.jpg"
+ />
+ </p>
+ <h6>瀵煎叆妗堜緥鈻�</h6>
+ <p>
+ 鎴戜滑缁忓父浼氱湅鍒帮細鍑犱釜鏈堝ぇ鐨勫皬瀛╁瓙鍦ㄦ姄鐫�涓�鏈功鎾曞挰锛涙湁鐨勪竴浜屽瞾鐨勫皬瀛╃敋鑷冲�掓嬁鐫�涔︽湰蹇靛康鏈夎瘝锛涗笁鍥涘瞾灏忓璧板埌琛椾笂浼氳锛氣�滃濡堬紝閭ｆ槸澶э紝鎴戣寰椼�傗�濊繖閮芥槸涓�绉嶉槄璇伙紝骞煎効姝ｆ槸浠庤繖绉嶇湅浼肩洸鐩殢鎰忕殑鎺㈢储琛屼负涓紑濮嬩簡浠栦滑鐨勯槄璇讳箣鏃呯殑锛岀敱姝よ繘鍏ュ辜鍎胯瑷�鍙戝睍鐨勯噸瑕侀樁娈点��
+ </p>
+ <p><br /></p>
+ <p>
+ 銆婂辜鍎垮洯鏁欒偛鎸囧绾茶锛堣瘯琛岋級銆嬫槑纭寚鍑猴紝鍩瑰吇骞煎効瀵圭敓娲讳腑甯歌鐨勭畝鍗曟爣璁板拰
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="170">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(170) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">163</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鏂囧瓧绗﹀彿鐨勫叴瓒ｏ紱鍒╃敤鍥句功銆佺粯鐢诲拰鍏朵粬澶氱鏂瑰紡锛屽紩鍙戝辜鍎垮涔︾睄銆侀槄璇诲拰涔﹀啓鐨勫叴瓒ｏ紝鍩瑰吇鍓嶉槄璇诲拰鍓嶄功鍐欐妧鑳姐�備綔涓哄辜鍎挎暀甯堬紝璇ュ浣曞紩瀵兼墠鑳藉煿鍏诲辜鍎挎垚闀夸负涓�涓嚜涓婚槄璇昏�呭憿锛熻鎴戜滑杩涘叆骞煎効鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩鐨勫涔犳帰璁ㄥ惂銆�
+ </p>
+ <h2 id="b017">绗竴鑺傘��鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩姒傝堪</h2>
+ <p>
+ 鍥介檯瀛﹀墠鏁欒偛鐣屼竴鐩村崄鍒嗛噸瑙嗘棭鏈熼槄璇婚鍩熺殑鐮旂┒涓庡簲鐢紝鐮旂┒鑰呭彂鐜帮紝3锝�8宀佹槸浜虹殑闃呰鑳藉姏鍙戝睍鐨勫叧閿湡銆傞槄璇绘槸鏁欒偛鐨勬牳蹇冿紝涔熸槸瀛︿範鐨勫熀纭�銆傚湪鎴戝浗锛岃嚜杩涘叆21涓栫邯浠ユ潵锛岀壒鍒槸銆婄翰瑕併�嬩腑棣栨鎻愬嚭鏃╂湡闃呰鏁欒偛鐨勮蹇靛悗锛屾棭鏈熼槄璇诲彈鍒板浗鍐呭辜鏁欑晫鐨勫箍娉涢噸瑙嗐��
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c042">涓�銆佸熀鏈蹇电殑鐞嗚В</h3>
+ <h4 id="d107">锛堜竴锛夐槄璇�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鍏充簬闃呰锛屽彜浠婁腑澶栨湁璁稿涓嶅悓瑙ｉ噴銆傛垜鍥戒紶缁熼槄璇诲惎钂欐暀瀛︽敞閲嶉泦涓瘑瀛椾笌璇楁枃闃呰锛屽皢璇嗗瓧鏁欒偛銆佸垵姝ョ殑鐭ヨ瘑涓庨亾寰锋暀鑲茬粨鍚堣捣鏉ャ�傝繎鐜颁唬鐮旂┒璁や负锛岄槄璇绘槸浜虹被閲嶈鐨勬椿鍔紝鏄汉浠幏鍙栫煡璇嗐�佺粡楠屻�佹�濇兂鐨勫熀鏈�斿緞銆傜編鍥藉浗瀹剁爺绌堕櫌鏃╂湡闃呰濮斿憳浼氳涓猴紝闃呰鏄互鐞嗚В涓虹洰鐨勶紝杩愮敤涔﹂潰鎷奸煶鐭ヨ瘑鍜屽彛璇闊崇煡璇嗭紝浠庡嵃鍒锋枃瀛椾腑鑾峰彇鎰忎箟鐨勮繃绋嬨�傞槄璇诲睘浜庝竴涓珮绾с�佸鏉傜殑蹇冪悊杩囩▼銆�<a
+ id="w1"
+ ></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d108">锛堜簩锛夋棭鏈熼槄璇�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鎴戝浗瀛﹁�呭紶鏄庣孩璁や负锛屾棭鏈熼槄璇绘槸鎸�0锝�6宀佺殑瀛﹀墠骞煎効鍑�熷彉鍖栫潃鐨勮壊褰┿�佸浘鍍忋�佹枃瀛楀拰鎴愪汉褰㈣薄鍦拌璇伙紝鏉ョ悊瑙ｄ互鍥句负涓荤殑浣庡辜骞煎効璇荤墿鍐呭鐨勬椿鍔ㄨ繃绋嬶紝瀹冩槸涓�涓瀺瑙傚療銆佽蹇嗐�佹�濈淮銆佽〃杈剧瓑澶氱璁ょ煡浜庝竴浣撶殑缁煎悎杩囩▼銆�<a
+ id="w2"
+ ></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏃╂湡闃呰鐨勬渶涓昏鐩爣鏄縺鍙戝辜鍎块槄璇荤殑鍏磋叮锛屽府鍔╁辜鍎胯璇嗚瑷�绗﹀彿鍜屽浘鐢荤鍙风殑瀵瑰簲杞崲鍏崇郴锛屾帉鎻℃棭鏈熼槄璇荤殑鏂规硶锛屽煿鍏诲辜鍎垮皢鏃╂湡闃呰缁忛獙杩佺Щ鍒板叾浠栨椿鍔ㄤ腑鍘荤殑鑳藉姏锛屽吇鎴愯壇濂介槄璇讳範鎯紝鎻愰珮骞煎効瑙傚療銆佹兂璞″拰璇█鎬濈淮绛夌患鍚堣兘鍔涖��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏃╂湡闃呰鑳藉姏鏃㈠寘鍚墠鍥句功闃呰鑳藉姏鍙堝寘鍚墠璇嗗瓧鑳藉姏锛屼絾缁濅笉鑳藉皢鈥滄棭鏈熼槄璇烩�濈瓑鍚屼簬鈥滄棭鏈熻瘑瀛椻�濓紝瀵逛簬骞煎効鏉ヨ閲嶈鐨勬槸锛岄�氳繃鏃╂湡闃呰鍩瑰吇鍏惰嚜涓婚槄璇荤殑鎰忚瘑鍜屾妧鑳姐�傛棭鏈熼槄璇荤殑鎰忎箟鍦ㄤ簬鈥滈槄璇昏繃绋嬧�濓紝鏃╂湡闃呰鏄垚浜哄�熷姪鍥句功鍜屽辜鍎夸氦寰�浜ゆ祦鐨勮繃绋嬶紝鍦ㄨ繖涓繃绋嬩腑锛屽┐骞煎効涓嶄粎鍙互涓板瘜鍜屾墿灞曞澶栭儴涓栫晫涓庤嚜鎴戠殑璁よ瘑锛岃�屼笖鍙互涓板瘜璇嶆眹锛屾彁楂樿瑷�鐞嗚В鑳藉姏锛屽苟淇冭繘鎯呯华銆佺ぞ浼氭�х殑鍙戝睍銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d109">锛堜笁锛夋棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鈥滄棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄢ�濈殑姒傚康锛岀洰鍓嶅皻鏃犵粺涓�鐨勫噯纭晫瀹氾紝浣嗗熀鏈叡璇嗘槸锛屾棭鏈熼槄璇�
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m1"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w1">[1]</a>
+ 鍑憻鐞陈锋柉璇猴紝绛�.棰勯槻闃呰鍥伴毦锛氭棭鏈熼槄璇绘暀鑲茬瓥鐣M].鑳＄編鍗庯紝绛夛紝璇�.鍗椾含锛氬崡浜笀鑼冨ぇ瀛﹀嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2006锛氬簭瑷�.
+ </p>
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m2"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w2">[2]</a>
+ 寮犳槑绾�.鍏充簬鏃╂湡闃呰鐨勫嚑鐐规�濈储[J].瀛﹀墠鏁欒偛鐮旂┒锛�2000锛�04锛�.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="171">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(171) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">164</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 娲诲姩棣栧厛鏄綔涓轰竴绉嶇壒娈婄殑浜ら檯鏂瑰紡锛屽叿鏈夌ぞ浼氭�с�傚辜鍎块槄璇讳綔涓轰竴绉嶄富浣撴椿鍔紝鍏锋湁瀹炶返鎬с�傚辜鍎块槄璇讳綔涓轰竴绉嶄釜浣撹涓烘椿鍔紝鏄釜浣撳寲鐨勫績鏅烘椿鍔ㄨ繃绋嬨��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鏃╂湡闃呰鏁欒偛鏄寚浠ュ辜鍎胯嚜韬粡楠屼负鍩虹锛屽湪閫傚綋鎯呮櫙涓紝閫氳繃骞煎効瀵规枃瀛椼�佺鍙枫�佹爣璁般�佸浘鐗囥�佸奖鍍忕瓑鏉愭枡鐨勮璇汇�佺悊瑙ｅ拰杩愮敤锛屽骞煎効韬績鏂藉姞鐨勪竴绉嶆湁鐩殑銆佹湁缁勭粐銆佹湁璁″垝鐨勫奖鍝嶆椿鍔ㄣ�傚畠涓嶆槸鍗曠函鐨勭湅涔︺�佽瘑瀛楁椿鍔紝鑰屾槸涓�绉嶅叿鏈夌粨鏋勭浉瀵瑰畬鏁淬�佷綋绯荤浉瀵圭嫭绔嬶紝鑳戒績杩涘辜鍎垮叏闈㈠拰璋愬彂灞曠殑娲诲姩銆�<a
+ id="w3"
+ ></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c043">浜屻�佹棭鏈熼槄璇昏兘鍔涚殑鍙戝睍瑙勫緥涓庣粡楠岀Н绱�</h3>
+ <p>
+ 鍦ㄥ辜鍎挎棭鏈熼槄璇昏兘鍔涚殑鍙戝睍涓紝鏈�閲嶈鐨勪袱涓柟闈㈡槸鍓嶅浘涔﹂槄璇昏兘鍔涗笌鍓嶈瘑瀛楄兘鍔涚殑鍙戝睍銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d110">锛堜竴锛夋棭鏈熼槄璇昏兘鍔涚殑鍙戝睍瑙勫緥</h4>
+ <h5 id="e123">1.鍓嶅浘涔﹂槄璇昏兘鍔涘彂灞曡寰�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 鍥句功鏄辜鍎块槄璇诲彂灞曠殑涓昏濯掍粙锛岄槄璇昏兘鍔涘己鐨勫辜鍎块�氬父鏉ヨ嚜璇█涓板瘜鐨勭幆澧冿紝鏃╂湡鐨勫浘涔﹂槄璇昏兘澶熷甫棰嗕粬浠秴瓒婂叾鍘熸湁鐨勮瑷�褰㈡�併�傛潹鎬″┓鍦ㄣ�婂効绔ラ棶棰樿涓轰箣鐮旂┒銆嬩腑瀵规眽璇辜鍎垮浘鐢讳功闃呰琛屼负鍙戝睍杩涜浜嗙爺绌躲�傚ス灏嗘眽璇辜鍎垮浘涔﹂槄璇昏涓哄彂灞曞垎鎴愪互涓嬩笁涓樁娈点��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 绗竴闃舵锛岀湅鍥剧敾锛屾湭褰㈡垚鏁呬簨銆傚辜鍎夸粠璺崇潃缈婚〉锛岃鍑轰簨鐗╁悕绉帮紝鍒版墜鎸囧浘鐢伙紝杩拌鐢婚潰涓汉鐗╃殑琛屽姩锛岄�愭鍙戝睍璧风敤鍙ｈ璇寸敾闈㈠唴瀹圭殑鑳藉姏锛屼絾鏄繕涓嶈兘褰㈡垚瀹屾暣鐨勬晠浜嬨��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 绗簩闃舵锛岀湅鍥剧敾锛屽舰鎴愭晠浜嬨�傚湪杩欎釜闃舵锛屽辜鍎胯兘澶熶粠鍥剧敾涓湅鍑烘晠浜嬬殑杩炶疮鎬э紝寮�濮嬬敤鍙ｈ璇村嚭涓庝功涓婇儴鍒嗘儏鑺傚唴瀹圭浉浼肩殑鏁呬簨銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 绗笁闃舵锛岃瘯鐫�鐪嬫枃瀛椼�傚辜鍎胯繖鏃跺紑濮嬫敞鎰忓埌涔︿笂鐨勬枃瀛楋紝浠栦滑浠庨儴鍒嗚鍒颁笉骞宠 绛栫暐璇伙紝鍐嶈繘涓�姝ョ嫭绔嬪湴璇伙紝鏈�鍚庡涔犵嫭绔嬩笖瀹屽叏闃呰銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e124">2.骞煎効鍓嶈瘑瀛楄兘鍔涚殑鍙戝睍瑙勫緥</h5>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鍓嶈瘑瀛楄兘鍔涚殑鍙戝睍涓庝粬浠殑褰㈣薄瑙嗚鍙戝睍浠ュ強鍙ｅご璇█鍙戝睍瀵嗗垏鐩稿叧銆傚彲浠ュ垎涓轰互涓嬩笁涓樁娈点��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 绗竴闃舵锛岃悓鍙戦樁娈点�傚瀛愯兘鏈夊叴瓒ｅ湴鎹х潃涔︾湅锛屾敞鎰忕幆澧冧腑鐨勬枃瀛楋紝浼氱粰涔︿腑鍥剧敾鍛藉悕锛岃兘鏀圭紪涔︿腑鐔熸倝鐨勬晠浜嬪唴瀹癸紝鑳借鲸鍒嚜宸辩殑鍚嶅瓧锛屽紑濮嬭鲸璁ゆ煇浜涘瓧锛屽枩鐖遍噸澶嶇殑鍎挎瓕銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 绗簩闃舵锛屽垵鏈熼樁娈点�傚辜鍎垮紑濮嬩簡瑙ｆ枃瀛楁槸鏈夋剰涔夌殑锛屾敼缂栨晠浜嬫椂娉ㄦ剰鍘熶綔鑰呯殑鏂囧瓧锛屾効鎰忓康涔︾粰鍒汉鍚紝鑳藉鍦ㄥ悇绉嶆儏鍐典笅杈ㄨ鐔熸倝鐨勬枃瀛椼��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 绗笁闃舵锛屾祦鐣呴樁娈点�傚辜鍎胯兘澶熻嚜鍔ㄥ鐞嗘枃瀛楃殑缁嗚妭锛岃兘澶熺嫭绔嬮槄璇诲悇绉嶆枃瀛楀舰寮忥紙濡傝瘲姝屾垨鑿滃崟绛夛級锛屼細浠ラ�傚悎鏂囧瓧褰㈠紡鐨勮閫熷拰璇煶璇皟闃呰銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効闃呰琛屼负鍙戝睍涓昏澶勪簬钀屽彂闃舵鍜屽垵鏈熼樁娈碉紝浠栦滑浠ヨ嚜宸辩殑鐙壒鏂瑰紡鎺㈢储鏂囧瓧锛岄�愭鎵╁睍浠栦滑澶勭悊澶氱鏂囧瓧鏉愭枡鐨勮兘鍔涖��
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="172">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(172) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">165</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <h4 id="d111">锛堜簩锛夊辜鍎挎棭鏈熼槄璇荤粡楠岀殑绉疮</h4>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鏃╂湡闃呰缁忛獙鍖呭惈涓変釜鏂归潰锛屽嵆鍓嶅浘涔﹂槄璇荤粡楠屻�佸墠璇嗗瓧缁忛獙銆佸墠涔﹀啓缁忛獙銆傝繖浜涚粡楠屼笌骞煎効灏嗘潵杩涘叆灏忓瑕佽繘琛岀殑绯荤粺瀛︿範鏄湁鏍规湰鍖哄埆鐨勩��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e125">1.鍓嶅浘涔﹂槄璇荤粡楠�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 杩欓噷鎻愬埌鐨勨�滃墠鍥句功闃呰鑳藉姏鈥濆苟涓嶆剰鍛崇潃鏁欏笀涓�瀹氳鍒╃敤鍥句功鍩瑰吇骞煎効鐨勯槄璇昏兘鍔涳紝鑰屾槸瑕佸府鍔╁辜鍎垮涔犵Н绱嫢骞插叿浣撶殑琛屼负缁忛獙銆傛暀甯堜笉浠呭彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄤ赴瀵屽褰╃殑鍥句功锛岃繕鍙互鎸栨帢鍙緵骞煎効闃呰鐨勫悇绉嶆潗鏂欙紝渚嬪锛屽箍鍛婄焊銆佹姤绾搞�佽彍鍗曘�佽鏄庝功绛夌敓娲讳腑闅忔墜鍙緱鐨勪笢瑗匡紝杩欎簺閮藉彲浠ヤ赴瀵屽辜鍎跨殑鍓嶅浘涔﹂槄璇荤粡楠屻��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e126">2.鍓嶈瘑瀛楃粡楠�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 鍦ㄥ榫勫墠闃舵锛屾墭骞兼満鏋勯�氳繃鏈夌洰鐨勩�佹湁璁″垝鐨勬棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔紝鍙互甯姪骞煎効瀛︿範鑾峰緱鍓嶈瘑瀛楃粡楠岋紝鎻愰珮瀵规枃瀛楃殑鏁忔劅绋嬪害銆傚惊搴忔笎杩涘湴鍚戝辜鍎挎彁渚涗互涓嬫柟闈㈢殑鍓嶈瘑瀛楃粡楠屻��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 棣栧厛锛岀煡閬撴枃瀛楁湁鍏蜂綋鎰忎箟鍜屽姛鑳姐�傚鈥滃皬鑺辩尗鈥濓紝涓嶄粎鍙互蹇靛嚭鏉ワ紝杩樺彲灏嗘枃瀛椼�佸彛璇笌姒傚康瀵瑰簲璧锋潵銆傜煡閬撳彲浠ュ湪妗屽瓙涓婄暀涓�寮犫�滀究鏉♀�濓紝鎶婃兂璇寸殑璇濆啓鎴愨�滃瓧鈥濓紝璇诲埌渚挎潯鐨勪汉灏辫兘鏄庣櫧鍏蜂綋鎰忔�濄��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍏舵锛岀煡閬撴枃瀛楁槸涓�绉嶇鍙凤紝涓庡叾浠栫鍙风郴缁熷彲浠ヤ簰鐩歌浆鎹€�傚鍚勭浜ら�氭爣蹇楀浘锛屼笉浠呬唬琛ㄦ煇涓�绉嶆剰鎬濓紝杩樺彲浠ョ敤姣嶈璇█鎴栧叾浠栬瑷�鏂囧瓧琛ㄧ幇鍑烘潵銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏈�鍚庯紝鐭ラ亾杈ㄨ瘑鏂囧瓧鏈変竴瀹氱殑瑙勫緥銆傚湪鍓嶈瘑瀛楅樁娈碉紝寮曞骞煎効鏄庣櫧鏂囧瓧鏈変竴瀹氱殑鏋勬垚瑙勫緥锛屾帉鎻¤繖浜涜寰嬪氨鍙互鏇村ソ鍦拌瘑瀛椼�傚姹夊瓧鈥滅伀鈥濆瓧鏃佺殑瀛楀ぇ閮戒笌鐏湁鍏筹紝鐐夈�佺儰銆佺儳绛夈�備簡瑙ｈ繖绉嶅唴鍦ㄨ寰嬩細澧炲姞骞煎効璇嗗瓧鐨勫叴瓒ｏ紝婵�鍙戝辜鍎胯嚜宸辨帰绱㈣璇嗕竴浜涘父瑙佸瓧銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e127">3.鍓嶄功鍐欑粡楠�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 鍓嶄功鍐欐椿鍔ㄦ槸鎸�3锝�6宀佸辜鍎胯繘琛岀殑缁樼敾涔﹀啓娲诲姩锛屽鍓嶉樁娈靛彧鏄负灏嗘潵姝ｅ紡瀛︿範涔﹀啓鍋氬ソ鍑嗗锛岀Н绱湁鍏虫眽瀛楁瀯鎴愪笌涔﹀啓鐨勫涔犵粡楠屻�傞櫎浜嗗紩瀵煎辜鍎胯璇嗘眽瀛楃嫭鐗圭殑涔﹀啓椋庢牸銆佸熀鏈粨鏋勪笌涔﹀啓瑙勫垯澶栵紝杩樺簲璇ヨ骞煎効鐭ラ亾鐢ㄤ笉鍚屾眽瀛椾功鍐欏伐鍏凤紙濡傞搮绗斻�侀挗绗斻�佹瘺绗旓級涔﹀啓鏃剁殑涓嶅悓瑕佹眰銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 瀹冨彲浠ユ槸骞煎効鑷彂浜х敓鑷富杩涜鐨勬父鎴忔椿鍔紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸鍦ㄦ垚浜哄紩瀵间笅杩涜鐨勪互娓告垙涓轰富鐨勫涔犳椿鍔紝渚嬪锛屾弿鐢诲皬鐚挀楸肩殑鈥滈挬鈥濇潵鍋氭眽瀛楃瑪鐢烩�滅珫寮挬鈥濈殑缁冧範銆傛暀甯堥渶瑕佺壒鍒敞鎰忥細棣栧厛锛岃繖浜涘浘褰㈡弿鐢讳笉鏄弿绾㈠啓瀛楋紝涓嶈兘瑕佹眰骞煎効鏈烘鏃犲懗鍦扮粌涔狅紱鍏舵锛屽鏋滃彲鑳藉簲璁╁辜鍎垮皾璇曚娇鐢ㄦ瘺绗旂瓑涓嶅悓涔﹀啓宸ュ叿锛岀洰鐨勫湪浜庤骞煎効浜嗚В绁栧浗鏂囧瓧鍙婁功鍐欑殑鐙壒椋庢牸銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 闇�瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紝浠ヤ笂涓夌娲诲姩涓昏鎻愪緵浜嗕竴绉嶈嚜鐢辫嚜鍦ㄣ�佸厖婊′箰瓒ｇ殑娲诲姩鎯呭锛屽簲璁╁辜鍎垮湪婊℃��鍏磋叮鐨勭姸鎬佷笅杩涜鑷劧鑰岀劧鐨勬帰绱㈠涔狅紝涓嶄互骞煎効绌剁珶瀛︿細浜嗗灏戠煡璇嗘妧鑳戒负琛￠噺鏍囧噯锛屽彧瑕佸辜鍎夸箰浜庡弬涓庤繖鏍风殑娲诲姩骞朵粠涓彈鐩婂嵆鍙紝渚嬪锛岀埍涓婇槄璇伙紝鍠滄鎸囪璁よ瘑鐨勬眽瀛楋紝鎸囩潃涓�涓粈涔堥兘涓嶅儚鐨勭鍙疯鈥滆繖灏辨槸鐖哥埜鐨勫悕瀛椻�濈瓑
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="173">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(173) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">166</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 姝ゆ椂锛屾垜浠氨鍙互璁や负鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩淇冭繘浜嗗辜鍎跨殑鍙戝睍锛屽苟涓旇繖浜涙椿鍔ㄥ繀瀹氫細瀵逛互鍚庣殑姝ｅ紡涔﹂潰璇█瀛︿範浜х敓绉瀬褰卞搷銆�
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c044">涓夈�佹棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄧ殑鐩爣</h3>
+ <p>
+ 鏃╂湡闃呰鏁欒偛娲诲姩鐨勬�讳綋鐩爣鏄负鍩瑰吇鎴愬姛鐨勯槄璇昏�呭仛鍑嗗銆傚辜鍎胯壇濂介槄璇昏兘鍔涳紝鍗虫棭鏈熻嚜涓婚槄璇昏兘鍔涚殑鍩瑰吇锛屾垚涓烘棭鏈熼槄璇绘暀鑲叉椿鍔ㄧ殑鏍稿績鐩爣銆傚叿浣撶洰鏍囦负浠ヤ笅涓夌偣銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d112">锛堜竴锛夎壇濂界殑闃呰涔犳儻鍜岄槄璇昏涓�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鏈夋祿鍘氱殑闃呰鍏磋叮锛屾効鎰忎翰杩戝浘涔︼紝涓庢垚浜轰竴璧烽槄璇诲浘涔︼紝鍦ㄧ┖浣欐椂闂达紙濡傞鍓嶃�佺潯鍓嶏級浼氱Н鏋佷富鍔ㄥ湴閫夋嫨闃呰鍥句功锛屽吇鎴愭瘡澶╅槄璇荤殑涔犳儻銆傜煡閬撳浘涔︾殑闃呰瑙勫垯锛岀埍鎶ゆ暣鐞嗗浘涔︼紱鑳借窡闅忔垚浜烘寚璁ゅ浘涔︿腑鐨勭墿浣擄紝璁ょ湡瑙傚療鍥句功鐨勬枃瀛楀拰鐢婚潰淇℃伅锛涗笓娉ㄥ湴淇濇寔杈冮暱鏃堕棿鐨勯槄璇荤瓑銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d113">锛堜簩锛夌悊瑙ｉ槄璇诲唴瀹癸紝褰㈡垚闃呰绛栫暐</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鐞嗚В闃呰鍐呭涓昏鏄寚瀵硅鑹插舰璞°�佽涓哄姩浣溿�佹儏缁姸鎬佷互鍙婂唴瀹圭殑閫昏緫鍏崇郴鍜屾剰涔夌瓑鐨勬劅鐭ャ�佺悊瑙ｃ�傚悓鏃讹紝鍦ㄩ槄璇昏繃绋嬩腑锛屽辜鍎块渶瑕侀�愭鑾峰緱涓�浜涘熀鏈殑闃呰绛栫暐锛屽棰勬湡銆佸亣璁俱�佹瘮杈冦�侀獙璇佺瓑锛屼互甯姪骞煎効鏇村噯纭湴鐞嗚В闃呰鍐呭锛屽苟浜庡皢鏉ユ渶缁堣蛋鍚戣嚜涓婚槄璇汇��
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d114">锛堜笁锛夎兘瀵归槄璇诲唴瀹硅繘琛岃〃杈句笌璇勫垽</h4>
+ <p>
+ 涓�涓湁鑹ソ闃呰鑳藉姏鐨勫辜鍎匡紝涓嶄粎鑳藉彊杩伴槄璇诲唴瀹癸紝鍦ㄧ敓娲讳腑鍥炲繂鍜岃縼绉婚槄璇诲唴瀹癸紝杩樿兘缁撳悎鑷繁鐢熸椿缁忛獙瀵归槄璇诲唴瀹瑰舰鎴愯嚜宸辩殑鐞嗚В鍜屽垽鏂�傘�婃寚鍗椼�嬩腑鎻愬嚭鐨�5锝�6宀佸辜鍎垮簲瀵圭湅杩囩殑鍥句功銆佸惉杩囩殑鏁呬簨鑳借鍑鸿嚜宸辩殑鐪嬫硶锛岃繖鍙嶆槧鐨勬鏄繖灞傞槄璇荤洰鏍囥��
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c045">鍥涖�佹棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄧ殑涓昏褰㈠紡</h3>
+ <p>
+ 闅忕潃鏃╂湡闃呰瑙傚康鐨勯�愭笎娣卞叆锛屾棭鏈熼槄璇诲凡鎴愪负骞煎効鐢熸椿涓嶅彲鍒嗗壊鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎锛屾笚閫忎簬骞煎効瀛︿範鍜岀敓娲荤殑鍚勪釜鐜妭銆傚辜鍎垮彲浠ラ�氳繃鍥剧敾涔﹀涔犻槄璇伙紝鍦ㄦ父鎴忎腑瀛︿範闃呰锛屽湪鏃ュ父鐢熸椿涓涔犻槄璇荤瓑銆傚辜鍎垮洯鏄紑灞曟棭鏈熼槄璇荤殑涓婚樀鍦帮紝瀹跺涵涓庣ぞ鍖轰篃鎵紨鐫�閲嶈瑙掕壊銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d115">锛堜竴锛夊辜鍎垮洯闃呰娲诲姩</h4>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鍥槄璇绘椿鍔ㄦ槸鎸囧湪骞煎効鍥唴锛屾暀甯堥�氳繃瑙傚療骞煎効鐨勫叴瓒ｅ拰鑳藉姏锛屾湁鐩殑銆佹湁璁″垝鍦板紩瀵煎辜鍎块�氳繃鏈夎叮鐨勩�佸浘鏂囧苟鑼傜殑闃呰鏉愭枡杩涜鐨勯槄璇绘椿鍔ㄣ�傚鐝骇鍥句功鍖洪槄璇绘椿鍔ㄣ�佹暀甯堢粍缁囩殑鍚勭涓撻棬鐨勯槄璇绘椿鍔ㄣ�佷竴鏃ョ敓娲讳腑娓楅�忛槄璇诲洜绱犵殑娲诲姩銆佸辜鍎垮洯闃呰涓績鐨勯槄璇绘椿鍔ㄧ瓑銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍏朵腑鍥句功鍖烘槸渚涘辜鍎块殢鏃堕槄璇荤殑涓�涓父鎬佸尯瑙掞紝鏁欏笀闇�瑕佹牴鎹辜鍎垮勾榫勭壒鐐逛笌闃呰鍏磋叮涓哄辜鍎垮畾鏈熸垨涓嶅畾鏈熸姇鏀炬柊鍥句功锛屽苟娉ㄦ剰鍩瑰吇骞煎効寤虹珛蹇呰鐨勯槄璇昏鍒欍��
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="174">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(174) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">167</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鍏绘垚鑹ソ鐨勯槄璇讳範鎯�傚悓鏃舵敞閲嶅煿鍏诲辜鍎垮鍥句功鏈韩鐨勫叴瓒ｏ紝渚嬪锛屽彲浠ュ甫棰嗗辜鍎垮紑灞曡嚜鍒跺浘涔︺�佷慨琛ュ浘涔︾瓑娲诲姩锛岃繖涓嶄粎鍙互浜嗚В鍥句功鐨勭粨鏋勶紝澧炲己鑷俊蹇冿紝鍩瑰吇瀹＄編鎯呰叮锛岃繕鍙互闂存帴婵�鍙戝辜鍎跨埍鎶ゅ浘涔︾殑鎰忚瘑銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d116">锛堜簩锛夊搴槄璇绘椿鍔�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鍦ㄥ搴腑锛屾垚浜哄彲浠ユ牴鎹辜鍎挎剰鎰垮埄鐢ㄥ悇绫绘湁瓒ｇ殑銆佸浘鏂囧苟鑼傜殑闃呰鏉愭枡涓庡辜鍎夸竴璧疯繘琛岄槄璇绘椿鍔ㄣ�傚鍚堜綔寮忎翰瀛愰槄璇绘椿鍔ㄣ�侀偦閲岄棿浜ゅ線鎬ч槄璇绘椿鍔ㄣ�佸搴儕娓告垨鍙傝鎬ч槄璇绘椿鍔ㄧ瓑銆傚湪瀹跺涵闃呰娲诲姩涓紝瀹堕暱鐨勬枃鍖栫礌璐ㄣ�侀槄璇荤瓥鐣ヤ互鍙婁翰瀛愬叧绯昏川閲忕瓑閮藉奖鍝嶇潃骞煎効闃呰鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曘��
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d117">锛堜笁锛夌ぞ浼氭暀鑲茶祫婧愰槄璇绘椿鍔�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鍦ㄦ棩甯哥敓娲讳腑锛屾垚浜哄甫棰嗗辜鍎垮埄鐢ㄧぞ鍖哄浘涔﹂銆侀槄瑙堝銆佸皬鍖烘枃鍖栧箍鍦恒�侀亾璺袱杈瑰浼犳爮绛夊紑灞曞鏍峰寲闃呰娲诲姩锛屽绀惧尯闃呰瀹ら槄璇绘椿鍔紝闅忔満鎬ч槄璇绘椿鍔紙骞垮憡銆佹爣蹇椼�佽鏄庝功銆佸晢鏍囥�佹柊闂荤瓑锛夛紝瑙嗗惉闃呰娲诲姩绛夈��
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c046">浜斻�佹棭鏈熼槄璇绘枃鏈殑閫夋嫨</h3>
+ <p>
+ 铏界劧骞煎効鐢熸椿涓殑鍚勭鍥句功銆佹姤绾搞�佹爣璇嗛兘鍙互鏄辜鍎跨殑闃呰鏂囨湰鏉ユ簮锛屼絾鏈�瑙勮寖銆佹渶閫傚悎浠栦滑鐨勯槄璇绘枃鏈槸鍥剧敾涔︺�傚浘鐢讳功鏄綋浠ｅ辜鍎挎枃瀛︿腑鏈�甯歌鐨勪竴绉嶅浘涔﹂棬绫伙紝涔熸槸鏈�鑳戒綋鐜板辜鍎挎枃瀛﹁壓鏈壒鎬х殑鏂囦綋鏍峰紡涔嬩竴銆傚畠鍦ㄦ棭鏈熼槄璇讳腑鎵紨鐫�閲嶈鐨勮鑹诧紝琚涓烘槸鈥滃瀛愪汉鐢熺殑绗竴鏈功鈥濄�傚湪鏃╂湡闃呰鏁欒偛涓紝鍥剧敾涔﹀凡鎴愪负涓�绉嶉噸瑕佺殑鏁欏璧勬簮鍜屾墜娈点��
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d118">锛堜竴锛変粈涔堟槸鍥剧敾涔�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鍥剧敾涔﹁嫳鏂囨槸鈥淧icture
+ Books鈥濓紝鍙堢О浣溾�滅粯鏈�濓紝椤惧悕鎬濅箟鏄竴绉嶉�傚悎浣庡辜骞煎効闃呰鐨勩�佷互鍥句负涓讳互鏂囧瓧涓鸿緟锛岀敋鑷冲畬鍏ㄦ病鏈夋枃瀛楄�屽叏鏄浘鐢荤殑涔︾睄銆傛棩鏈憲鍚嶅辜鍎挎枃瀛﹀嚭鐗堜笓瀹舵澗灞呯洿鍋氫簡闈炲父褰㈣薄鐨勬敞瑙ｏ細鈥滄枃+鍥�=甯︽彃鍥剧殑涔︹�濓紝澶氭寚浠ユ枃瀛椾负涓汇�佸浘鐢讳负杈呯殑涔︼紝杩欎簺涔︾殑鍥剧敾鍙兘瑙ｉ噴鏂囧瓧鍗翠笉鑳借鏁呬簨锛屽綋闃呰鑰呯嫭绔嬮槄璇诲浘鐢绘椂鏃犳硶璇诲嚭瀹屾暣鐨勬晠浜嬪唴瀹癸紱鑰屸�滄枃脳鍥�=鍥剧敾涔︹�濓紝鏂囧瓧鍜屽浘鐢婚兘鏄彊杩拌瑷�锛屽浘鐢荤洿鎺ュ湪璁叉晠浜嬶紝鍥剧敾鎴愪负鈥滆瑷�鈥濓紝鏄彲浠ョ敤鏉モ�滆鏁呬簨鈥濈殑銆�<a
+ id="w4"
+ ></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m4"><sup>[4]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 瀵逛簬骞煎効鏉ヨ锛屽浘鐢讳功灏辨槸涓�绉嶁�滃彧瑕佹尐椤电炕锛岀湅鐢诲氨鑳芥槑鐧芥晠浜嬧�濈殑涔︾睄銆傚彲瑙侊紝鍥剧敾涔︿笉绛変簬鈥滄湁鎻掑浘鐨勪功鈥濓紝瀹冩槸涓�绉嶇嫭绔嬬殑鍥句功褰㈠紡锛岀壒鍒己璋冩枃涓庡浘鐨勫唴鍦ㄥ叧绯伙紝鏂囧瓧涓庡浘鐢诲叡鍚屾媴褰撹鏁呬簨鐨勯噸瑕佽鑹诧紝鍥剧敾涓嶅啀浠呬粎璧疯緟鍔╁拰璇犻噴鏂囧瓧鐨勪綔鐢紝鍥剧敾涔︽槸鐢ㄥ浘鐢诲拰鏂囧瓧鍏卞悓鍙欒堪涓�涓畬鏁存晠浜嬬殑涔︼紝鏄浘鏂囦氦铻嶃�佺浉寰楃泭褰扮殑涓�绉嶄功绫嶈〃鐜板舰寮忋��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍦ㄥ浗澶栵紝鍥剧敾涔︾殑鍙戝睍宸叉湁涓婄櫨骞寸殑鍘嗗彶锛�1845骞村痉鍥界殑娴峰洜閲屽笇路闇嶅か鏇硷紙Heinrich
+ Hoffmann锛夌殑銆婅摤钃ご褰煎緱銆�<i>锛圫truwwel Peter锛�</i
+ >琚涓烘槸鐜颁唬鍥剧敾涔︽渶鏃╃殑浠ｈ〃浣溿�傚悇绉嶅悇鏍风殑鍥剧敾涔﹀奖鍝嶄簡涓�浠ｅ張涓�浠ｇ殑骞煎効璇昏�咃紝鐩村埌浠婂ぉ锛屼竴浜涚粡鍏哥殑
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m4"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w4">[4]</a>
+ 鏉惧眳鐩�.鎴戠殑鍥剧敾涔﹁锛籑锛�.瀛ｉ锛岃瘧.闀挎矙锛氭箹鍗楀皯骞村効绔ュ嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�1997锛�78.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="175">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(175) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">168</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鍥剧敾涔﹀銆婄寽鐚滄垜鏈夊鐖变綘銆嬨�婂ソ楗跨殑姣涙瘺铏�嬨�婂皬钃濆拰灏忛粍銆嬨�婃瘝楦¤悵涓濆幓鏁ｆ銆嬨�婂郊寰楀厰鐨勬晠浜嬨�嬨�婄埍蹇冩爲銆嬬瓑杩樺湪鏁ｅ彂鐫�鐙壒鐨勯瓍鍔涳紝娣卞彈瀹堕暱銆佹暀甯堬紝灏ゅ叾鏄辜鍎跨殑鍠滅埍銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d119">锛堜簩锛変紭绉�鍥剧敾涔︾殑鍩烘湰鏍囧噯</h4>
+ <h5 id="e128">1.涓�鏈ソ鐨勫浘鐢讳功锛岄鍏堣鏈夊ソ鐨勫唴瀹�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 鍐呭鏄竴鏈浘鐢讳功鐨勫叧閿紝浠庡辜鍎胯瑙掑弽鏄犲辜鍎跨殑鐢熸椿鍜屾兂娉曪紝瀵屾湁骞煎効鎯呰叮锛屽苟鐣欑粰骞煎効鍏呭垎鎬濊�冨拰鎯宠薄鐨勭┖闂淬�傚浘鐢讳功灞炰簬骞煎効鏂囧鐨勪竴涓棬绫伙紝鎵�浠ュソ鐨勫浘鐢讳功蹇呴』绗﹀悎浼樼骞煎効鏂囧鐨勫熀鏈壒寰侊紝鍗虫枃瀛︽�с�佽瑷�鎬х瓑銆傚浘鐢讳功涓殑鏂囧瓧瑕佹眰绠�娲佸舰璞°�佺敓鍔ㄨ鑼冿紝濡傝壘鐟灺峰崱灏旂殑銆婂ソ楗跨殑姣涙瘺铏�嬶紝骞煎効涓嶄粎鍙互鐩存帴鎻愬彇鍑烘晠浜嬩富瑙掆�滄瘺姣涜櫕鈥濓紝鑰屼笖鍙互鐢ㄤ竴涓瘝鈥滃ソ楗库�濇潵褰㈠瀹冪殑浜虹墿鐗瑰緛銆傛晠浜嬪�熺敤鐨勬槸姣涙瘺铏彉鎴愯澊铦剁殑杩囩▼鏉ユ壙杞芥晠浜嬬殑锛屾瘺姣涜櫕鍖栬澏鏄幇瀹炰腑鐪熷疄瀛樺湪鐨勶紝浣嗗叿浣撹繃绋嬪張鏄櫄骞荤殑銆佹兂璞＄殑銆傛晠浜嬩腑鈥滃ソ楗库�濈殑姣涙瘺铏粠鏄熸湡涓�鍒版槦鏈熷叚涓嶅仠鍦板悆鐫�鍚勭姘存灉鍜岄浂椋燂紝鈥滄槦鏈熋楋紝瀹冨悆浜喢椾釜脳脳锛屽彲鏄紝瀹冪殑鑲氬瓙杩樻槸濂介タ鈥濓紝鏁呬簨涓赴瀵岀殑璇嶆眹銆佺煭灏忕殑閲嶅鍙ヤ互鍙婁笌骞煎効鐢熸椿缁忛獙鐩稿尮閰嶇殑璇█闊靛緥锛岃嚜鐒跺鏄撳緱鍒板辜鍎跨殑鍠滅埍銆傚啀濡傘�婃垜鐖哥埜銆嬪儚涓�棣栨俯棣ㄧ殑骞煎効璇楋紝銆婅姳濠嗗﹩銆嬪儚涓�棣栧彊浜嬫暎鏂囪瘲锛屻�婄寽鐚滄垜鏈夊鐖变綘銆嬪垯鏄竴棣栨弿鍐欐繁鍘氬骞挎瘝鐖辩殑鏁ｆ枃璇楋紝閮藉緱鍒颁紬澶氬皬鏈嬪弸鐨勫枩鐖便��
+ </p>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img class="img-b" alt="" src="../../images/0188-1.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="img">
+ 鍥�7-1 銆婂ソ楗跨殑姣涙瘺铏��<a id="w5"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m5"><sup>[5]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e129">2.涓�鏈ソ鐨勫浘鐢讳功锛岃鏈夊ソ鐨勫浘鐢�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 涓�鏈紭绉�鐨勫浘鐢讳功锛屽叾鍥剧敾鐢氳嚦姣旀枃瀛楁洿閲嶈锛屽浘鐢绘湰韬氨鑳藉鈥滀紶鎯呰揪鎰忊�濓紝涓嶄粎鑳界敓鍔ㄨ〃杈炬晠浜嬬殑涓婚锛屼篃鑳借〃鐜颁汉鐗╃殑鎯呯华鎯呮劅鍜屼綔鑰呯殑鎬佸害銆備緥濡傦紝鐢遍害鍏嬪竷闆峰凹鎾版枃銆佸鏈楃粯鍥剧殑銆婄寽鐚滄垜鏈夊鐖变綘銆嬧�斺�旀晠浜嬬敾闈㈣瀹夋帓鍦ㄨ崚閲庝笂锛屼富瑙掓槸閲庡厰銆備竴澶т竴灏忎袱鍙厰瀛愭槸鏈�鑷劧銆佹渶鏅�氱殑鐩歌矊锛屼粬浠殑鍔ㄤ綔琛ㄦ儏閮芥病鏈夎鈥滅敾闈⑩�濆叧娉ㄧ殑鎰熻銆備綔鑰呰繍鐢ㄩ�熷啓鐨勭嚎鏉°�佸啓鎰忕殑绗旀硶浣垮姩浣滀究浜庡彉鍖栧拰浼稿睍锛涘崟绾湸绱犵殑鑹插僵闈炲父閫傚悎鑽掗噹鐨勬剰瓒ｏ紱灏忓厰瀛愭病鏈夋紓浜殑鐫¤。锛屾病鏈夊辜鍎垮簥锛屾病鏈夎姳琚瓙锛屽彧鏈変竴涓涜崚鑽夈�傚浜庢繁鍘氬骞跨殑姣嶇埍銆佷护浜虹柤鎯滅殑浜插瓙涔嬫儏鑰岃█锛岄偅涓�鍒囨樉寰楀浣欙紙瑙佸浘7-2锛夈��
+ </p>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img class="img-a" alt="" src="../../images/0188-2.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="img">
+ 鍥�7-2 銆婄寽鐚滄垜鏈夊鐖变綘銆�<a id="w6"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m6"><sup>[6]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m5"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w5">[5]</a>
+ 鑹剧憺路鍗″皵.濂介タ鐨勬瘺姣涜櫕锛籑锛�.閮戞槑杩涳紝璇�.娴庡崡锛氭槑澶╁嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2008.
+ </p>
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m6"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w6">[6]</a>
+ 灞卞路楹﹀厠甯冮浄灏硷紝瀹夊Ξ濉斅峰鏈�.鐚滅寽鎴戞湁澶氱埍浣狅蓟M锛�.姊呭瓙娑碉紝璇�.鍖椾含锛氬皯骞村効绔ュ嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2005.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="176">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(176) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">169</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鍥剧敾鐨勯�犲瀷銆佽壊褰┿�佹瀯鍥剧瓑鎵�鑳戒紶閫掔殑鎯呮劅璇█鏄赴瀵岃�岀洿鎺ョ殑锛屽湪璇昏�呯殑闃呰涓敋鑷虫槸绔欏湪鏂囧瓧涔嬪墠鐨勩��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍚屾牱鏄叧浜庡皬鍏斿瓙鐨勬晠浜嬶紝鑰岃嫳鍥界殑姣旈樋鐗逛附鍏嬫柉路褰煎緱鐨勩�婂郊寰楀厰鐨勬晠浜嬨�嬶紝鍒欐妸鐜板疄涓庡够鎯冲畬缇庣粨鍚堬紙瑙佸浘7-3锛夈�傛棩鏈浘鐢讳功鍑虹増瀹舵澗灞呯洿鍦ㄣ�婃垜鐨勫浘鐢讳功璁恒�嬩腑瀵瑰郊寰楀厰鏈夎繖鏍蜂竴娈佃瘎璁猴細涔︿笂鐨勫厰瀛愬拰浜轰竴鏍风┛鐫�琛ｆ湇锛屽厰濡堝鎻愮潃绡瓙锛屾墦鐫�娲嬩紴鍘讳拱涓滆タ銆備絾鏄紝灏界杩欐牱锛屼粛鐒朵娇浜鸿寰楋紝杩欏氨鏄厰瀛愶紝瀹冧滑鏈�缁嗗皬鐨勮〃鎯呭姩浣滀腑閮芥祦闇插嚭鍏斿瓙鐨勭壒鎬э紝涓庨偅绉嶄粎浠呮妸鍏旇劯鎷熶汉鍖栫殑鏂规硶涓嶄竴鏍枫�傛晠浜嬩篃濂斤紝鍥剧敾涔熷ソ锛岄兘鏄粠鍏斿瓙鐨勬�ф牸鍜岀敓娲讳腑浜х敓鐨勩�傝繖鏈皬灏忕殑涔﹀垱閫犱簡涓�涓嚜鐒剁殑涓栫晫锛氬湪閭ｉ噷鈥斺�斿够鎯充笘鐣屼腑锛屽厰瀛愮┛涓婅。鏈嶅儚浜轰竴鏍风敓娲伙紱鐜板疄涓栫晫涓紝鍏斿瓙浠嶇劧鏄厰瀛愩�備袱涓笘鐣岀粨鍚堝緱澶╄。鏃犵紳锛屾祽鐒朵竴浣撱�傚啀濡傦紝鏂硅蕉缇ゃ�佷弗涓嚒鍒涗綔鐨勫浘鐢讳功銆婅悵鍗滃洖鏉ヤ簡銆嬶紝璁茶堪浜嗗ぇ闆悗灏忓厰瀛愪笌浠栫殑灏忎紮浼翠滑鍦ㄥ悇鑷鐗╁洶椤跨殑鎯呭舰涓嬩篃鎰挎剰浠樺嚭鐨勫叧鐖变箣涓撅紝鐢婚潰寮�闃旓紝璇绘劅娓呮柊锛堣鍥�7-4锛夈��
+ </p>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img class="img-c" alt="" src="../../images/0189-1.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="img">
+ 鍥�7-3 銆婂郊寰楀厰鐨勬晠浜嬨��<a id="w7"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m7"><sup>[7]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img class="img-c" alt="" src="../../images/0189-2.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="img">
+ 鍥�7-4銆婅悵鍗滃洖鏉ヤ簡銆�<a id="w8"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m8"><sup>[8]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e130">3.涓�鏈ソ鐨勫浘鐢讳功锛屽繀椤绘槸鍥炬枃鍚堝</h5>
+ <p>
+ 鍥剧敾鍜屾枃瀛楁槸鏋勬垚鍥剧敾涔︾殑涓ゅぇ瑕佺礌锛屼絾骞朵笉鏄鏈夊浘鏈夋枃鐨勪功閮芥槸濂界殑鍥剧敾涔︼紝鏉惧眳鐩村鍥剧敾涔︾殑瀹氫箟寰堝ソ鍦拌В閲婁簡浠�涔堟槸鐪熸鐨勫浘鐢讳功銆備篃灏辨槸璇达紝浼樼鐨勫浘鐢讳功涓殑鍥剧敾涓庢枃瀛楋紝搴旇鍍忛煶涔愪笌鑸炶箞涓�鏍凤紝鑳藉姘翠钩浜よ瀺褰㈡垚鍚堝銆傝繖鏍风殑鈥滃浘鏂囧悎濂忊�濅綋鐜板湪涓ゆ柟闈細涓�鏄浘鐢讳功涓殑鍥剧敾瑕佽兘琛ㄨ揪鈥滆█澶栦箣鎰忊�濓紝浜屾槸鍥剧敾涔︿腑鐨勬枃瀛楄鑳戒紶閫掆�滅敾澶栦箣闊斥�濄�備互鍥剧敾涔︺�婇紶灏忓紵鐨勫皬鑳屽績銆嬩负渚嬶紝鏁呬簨璁茶堪濡堝缁欓紶灏忓紵缁囦簡涓�浠跺皬鑳屽績锛屾尯濂界湅銆傚皬楦�佸皬鐚淬�佺嫯瀛愩�佸ぇ璞￠兘鎯崇┛绌匡紝榧犲皬寮熷緢鎱锋叏锛屽彲鏄ぇ瀹惰繕缁欎粬鏃讹紝灏忚儗蹇冨凡缁忓彉鎴愪簡闀跨怀瀛愩�傚浘鐢绘瀯鍥句娇鐢ㄤ簡鏈�绠�鍗曠殑鏂规硶锛氱┖鐧界殑鑸炲彴涓婂叏鏃犺儗鏅紝鍚勭瑙掕壊涓婂満鍙堜笅鍦猴紝鍙湁绾㈣壊鐨勫皬鑳屽績娌℃湁绂诲紑杩囪垶鍙帮紝瀹冭涓�娆″張涓�娆℃拺寮�锛屾瀯鍥剧殑绌烘垨婊℃瀬瀵岃叮鍛冲湴鍑告樉鐫�銆傝�屾晠浜嬭瑷�鍙堟瀬涓虹畝缁冿紝涓�鍙モ�滃皬鑳屽績寰堟紓浜紝璁╂垜绌跨┛琛屽悧锛熲�濇槸鎵�鏈夎瘯绌胯�呯殑鍏卞悓璇█锛岃�屽洖绛旀槸鏋佺畝鐨勪竴涓�滃棷鈥濆瓧銆傚叏涔﹀嚭鐜扮殑鍔ㄧ墿澶у皬鎮畩锛屼互闈炲父鎴忓墽鍖栫殑澶稿紶璇█缁欏瀛愮暀涓嬩簡寰堟繁鐨勫嵃璞★紙瑙佸浘7-5锛夈�傚彲瑙侊紝濂界殑鍥剧敾鍜屾枃瀛楀叡鍚岃鏁呬簨锛屼负璇昏�呮彁渚涜瑙夊拰鍚鐨�
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m7"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w7">[7]</a>
+ 姣曠繝鍏嬩笣路娉㈢壒.褰煎緱鍏旂殑鏁呬簨锛籑锛�.楂樺ぉ鑸紝璇�.鍝堝皵婊細榛戦緳姹熺編鏈嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2019.浣滆�呭張璇戜负姣旈樋鐗逛附鍏嬫柉路褰煎緱.
+ </p>
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m8"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w8">[8]</a>
+ 鏂硅蕉缇�.钀濆崪鍥炴潵浜嗭蓟M锛�.涓ヤ釜鍑★紝缁�.姝︽眽锛氶暱姹熷皯骞村効绔ュ嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2019.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="177">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(177) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">214</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>鍚堟垚淇℃伅锛屼竴璧锋瀯鎴愪簡鍥剧敾涔︾殑绔嬩綋绌洪棿銆�</p>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img class="img-a" alt="" src="../../images/0190-1.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="img">
+ 鍥�7-5 銆婇紶灏忓紵鐨勫皬鑳屽績銆�<a id="w9"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m9"><sup>[9]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e131">4.涓�鏈ソ鐨勫浘鐢讳功锛岃鏈夌簿蹇冪殑鐗堝紡璁捐</h5>
+ <p>
+ 涓�鏈紭绉�鐨勫浘鐢讳功涓嶄粎鍥剧敾搴旇鏄壓鏈搧锛屽畠鐨勫紑鏈�佽甯ц璁′篃搴旇鏄壓鏈搧銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 涔︾殑寮�鏈紝鏄敤鏉ヨ鏄庝竴鏈功鐨勫ぇ灏忎互鍙婇暱瀹芥瘮渚嬬殑鍑虹増鏈锛岃�岄�傚悎骞煎効闃呰鐨勫浘鐢讳功杩樺簲璇ヨ�冭檻瀹冨睍寮�鍚庣殑瀵归〉缁勬垚姣斾緥銆傚辜鍎垮浘涔︾殑寮�鏈�氬父鏄帴杩戞柟褰㈡垨鑰呭氨鏄柟褰紝濡�12寮�銆�20寮�銆�24寮�銆�48寮�绛夈�傛棤璁哄辜鍎挎槸鍧愬湪鐖舵瘝鑶濅笂鍏辫杩樻槸鑷富闃呰锛屽紑鏈瘮渚嬮兘瑕佸埄浜庣敾闈㈡祦鐣呭睍寮�锛屽甫鏉ヨ垝閫傛劅銆傚銆婂畨鐨勭瀛愩�嬫槸20寮�锛堣鍥�7-6锛夛紝鑰屻�婂摢鍚掗椆娴枫�嬪垯鏄�12寮�锛屾墦寮�鍚庡乏鍙抽〉鍚堟垚涓�涓畬鏁寸敾闈紝缁欒鑰呭崄鍒嗗紑闃旂殑鎰熻锛堣鍥�7-7锛夛紝鏄撲簬缁欏瀛愮暀涓嬪．瑙傜殑鍗拌薄銆�
+ </p>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img class="img-b" alt="" src="../../images/0190-2.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="img">
+ 鍥�7-6銆婂畨鐨勭瀛愩��<a id="w10"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m10"><sup>[10]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img class="img-b" alt="" src="../../images/0190-3.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="img">
+ 鍥�7-7銆婂摢鍚掗椆娴枫��<a id="w11"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m11"><sup>[11]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 瑁呭抚锛屾笚閫忓湪涓�鏈功鐨勬瘡涓钀姐�備竴鏈ソ鐨勫浘鐢讳功鐨勫皝闈€�佺幆琛�佹墘椤点�佸皝搴曘�佹潗璐ㄣ�佺増寮忕瓑閮借涓庡浘鐢讳功鐨勬暣浣撶浉铻嶅悎銆傛瘮濡傦紝娌冲寳鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀惧嚭鐗堢殑銆婃垜鐖哥埜銆嬶紝
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m9"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w9">[9]</a>
+ 涓睙鍢夌敺锛屼笂閲庣邯瀛�.榧犲皬寮熺殑灏忚儗蹇冿蓟M锛�.璧甸潤锛屾枃绾瓙锛岃瘧.娴峰彛锛氬崡娴峰嚭鐗堝叕鍙革紝2017.
+ </p>
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m10"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w10">[10]</a>
+ 鐜嬫棭鏃╋紝榛勪附.瀹夌殑绉嶅瓙锛籑锛�.閮戝窞锛氭捣鐕曞嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2008.
+ </p>
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m11"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w11">[11]</a>
+ 鍞愪簹鏄�.鍝悞闂规捣锛籑锛�.浜庡ぇ姝︼紝缁�.姝︽眽锛氶暱姹熷皯骞村効绔ュ嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2019.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="178">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(178) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">171</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 杩欐湰鍥剧敾涔︾殑鍓嶅悗鐜‖閮芥槸鐖哥埜鐫¤。鐨勬牸瀛愮汗鍥炬锛岃�屼笖杩欑鏍煎瓙绾瑰浘妗堣疮绌夸簬鏁存湰鍥剧敾涔︼紝涔︿腑鐨勬瘡涓舰璞＄┛鐨勯兘鏄繖绉嶆牸瀛愮汗鐨勭潯琛ｏ紝璁╁辜鍎块槄璇绘椂浜х敓浜插垏鎰燂紝鑰屼笖鐭ラ亾涔︿腑鐨勬瘡涓舰璞￠兘鏄�滅埜鐖糕�濄�傚啀濡傘�婂皬灞辩緤鍜屽皬鑰佽檸銆嬶紙闀挎睙灏戝勾鍎跨鍑虹増绀撅級锛屾槸钁楀悕鍎跨鏂囧瀹堕瞾鍏靛拰璐哄弸鐩村叡鍚屽垱浣滅殑浼樼鍥剧敾涔︼紝浜虹墿瑁呮壆鍏锋湁娴撻儊鐨勪含鍓ч�犲瀷椋庢牸锛屾洿鏈夊垱鎰忕殑鏄腑闂存湁涓�涓�滄媺浼搁〉鈥濆舰璞″湴灞曠幇浜嗗北缇婃櫤鏂楄�佽檸鐨勫畯澶у満闈紙瑙佸浘7-8锛夈�傝繕鏈夌殑鍥剧敾涔︿笉浠呭湪姝ｆ枃鏈夋晠浜嬶紝鍦ㄥ皝搴曚篃鏈夋晠浜嬶紝濡傝鑰呭湪銆婅毌铓撶殑鏃ヨ銆嬬殑灏佸簳鑳界湅鍒颁护浜烘崸鑵圭殑鏅薄鈥斺�斾富浜哄叕铓殦缁х画涓撴敞鍦板啓鐫�鏃ヨ锛屽唴瀹规槸锛氣�滀粖澶╂垜鎰熷埌鏈変汉鍦ㄥ伔鐪嬫垜鐨勬棩璁帮紒鈥濊繖涓敾闈娇闃呰涓�涓嬪瓙鍙樺緱鏇村菇榛橈紝鏇磋浜哄紑蹇冦��
+ </p>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img class="img-a" alt="" src="../../images/0191-1.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="img">
+ 鍥�7-8銆婂皬灞辩緤鍜屽皬鑰佽檸銆�<a id="w12"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m12"><sup>[12]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d120">锛堜笁锛夊浘鐢讳功闃呰涓庡辜鍎垮彂灞�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 棣栧厛锛屽浘鐢讳功闃呰锛屽骞煎効鐨勬渶澶т环鍊煎湪浜庤幏寰楃Н鏋佹剦蹇殑鎯呯华浣撻獙銆傛濡傛湁鐮旂┒鑰呮寚鍑虹殑鈥滃簲璇ヨ骞煎効鍍忎韩鍙楁父鎴忕殑蹇箰閭ｆ牱鍘讳韩鍙楅槄璇诲浘鐢讳功鐨勫揩涔愨�濄�備緥濡傦紝銆婃瘝楦¤悵涓濆幓鏁ｆ銆嬪湪寰堝鎴愪汉鐪奸噷鏄钩娣＄殑銆佸辜绋氱殑锛屼絾骞煎効涓轰綍瑙夊緱鐢樹箣濡傞ゴ锛熷洜涓哄辜鍎挎病鏈夋垚浜虹殑鈥滃姛鍒┾�濈溂鍏夛紝鑰屾�绘槸甯︾潃杞绘澗鎰夊揩鐨勫績鎯呭幓闃呰鍥剧敾涔︼紝鍦ㄩ槄璇讳腑璁捐韩澶勫湴鍦颁綋浼氳鑹茬殑琛屽姩銆侀檯閬囧拰鎰熻锛屼綋楠屽浘鐢讳功浼犺揪鐨勫菇榛樺拰闅愯棌鐨勬儕鍠滐紝骞煎効姣旀垚浜烘洿瀹规槗鑾峰緱鐪熷杽缇庣殑鎰熷彈銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍏舵锛屽浘鐢讳功闃呰锛屽彲浠ユ彁楂樺辜鍎胯兘鍔涳紝淇冭繘鍏跺叏闈㈠拰璋愬彂灞曘�備紭绉�鍥剧敾涔︾殑闃呰锛屽骞煎効璇█鍙戝睍銆佺ぞ浼氳鐭ャ�佽壓鏈缇庯紝浠ュ強骞煎効涓�х殑褰㈡垚鍙戝睍閮芥湁绉瀬褰卞搷銆傚浘鐢讳功鐨勫唴瀹瑰寘缃椾竾璞★紝澶╂枃鍦扮悊銆佸巻鍙蹭汉鏂囥�佽嚜鐒剁ぞ浼氱瓑鐨嗘湁鎵�鎻忚堪锛屽闃呭巻涓嶅銆佺粡楠屾湁闄愮殑骞煎効鑰岃█锛屽畠鐘瑰鐧剧鍏ㄤ功锛屾彁渚涘悇绉嶈瀵熸�с�佹�濊�冩�т笌鎰熷彈鎬х殑璁ょ煡瀛︿範缁忛獙銆傚辜鍎垮彲閫氳繃闃呰鍥剧敾涔﹀寮鸿嚜鎴戣璇嗭紝褰㈡垚绉瀬涔愯鐨勭敓娲绘�佸害锛屽缓绔嬪弸璋娿�佺弽鎯滃弸鎯咃紝瀛︿細鍒嗕韩銆佸悎浣滅瓑浜茬ぞ浼氳涓恒��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 浼樼鐨勫浘鐢讳功鏈韩灏卞儚涓�搴у皬灏忕殑鈥滆壓鏈鈥濓紝濡傛娊璞℃淳椋庢牸鐨勩�婂皬钃濆拰灏忛粍銆嬨�佹补鐢绘淳椋庢牸鐨勩�婄埛鐖锋湁娌℃湁绌胯タ瑁呫�嬨�佹秱楦﹂鏍肩殑銆婂ぇ鍗笉鍙互銆嬨�佽湣绗旈鏍肩殑銆婂垢绂忕殑澶ф瀛愩�嬬瓑銆傚浘鐢讳功鍙皳鏂囧涓庤壓鏈畬缇庣粨鍚堢殑鑹烘湳鍝侊紝绠�娴呯殑鏂囧瓧锛岃皟鍜岀殑鑹插僵鍜岀簿缇庣殑鍗板埛锛屾綔绉婚粯鍖栧湴闄跺喍骞煎効蹇冩�с��
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m12"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w12">[12]</a>
+ 椴佸叺.灏忓北缇婂拰灏忚�佽檸[M].璐哄弸鐩达紝缁�.姝︽眽锛氶暱姹熷皯骞村効绔ュ嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2019.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="179">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(179) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">172</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p class="left"><span class="bj2">鐩稿叧閾炬帴</span></p>
+ <div class="tp-5">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-1" alt="" src="../../images/tb-5.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p class="center">
+ <span class="zt-ls1"
+ >鏁欒偛閮ㄧ粍缁囦笓瀹堕伌閫夋帹鑽愪竴鎵瑰辜鍎垮浘鐢讳功骞煎効鍥剧敾涔︽帹鑽愪功鐩紙鎽橀�夛級</span
+ >
+ </p>
+ <p class="center">
+ <img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../images/0192-1.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="180">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(180) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">173</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p class="center">
+ <span class="zt-ls1"
+ >鏁欒偛閮ㄧ粍缁囦笓瀹堕伌閫夋帹鑽愪竴鎵瑰辜鍎垮浘鐢讳功骞煎効鍥剧敾涔︽帹鑽愪功鐩紙鎽橀�夛級</span
+ >
+ </p>
+ <p class="center">
+ <img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../images/0192-1.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="181">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(181) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">174</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p class="center">
+ <img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../images/0192-1.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="right">锛堟暀鑲查儴 2021-10-27锛�</p>
+ <h2 id="b018">绗簩鑺傘��鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩鐨勮璁′笌缁勭粐鎸囧</h2>
+ <p>
+ 闃呰娲诲姩鏄湁鐩殑銆佹湁璁″垝鍦板彂灞曞辜鍎块槄璇昏兘鍔涳紝鍩瑰吇骞煎効鑹ソ闃呰涔犳儻鍜岄槄璇绘�佸害鐨勬椿鍔ㄣ�傘�婄翰瑕併�嬫槑纭妸鍩瑰吇骞煎効鐨勬棭鏈熼槄璇诲叴瓒ｅ拰鎶�鑳戒綔涓鸿瑷�棰嗗煙鐨勬暀鑲茬洰鏍囷紝銆婃寚鍗椼�嬫洿鏄槑纭皢骞煎効鐨勨�滈槄璇讳笌涔﹀啓鍑嗗鈥濆垎鍒椾笁涓叿浣撶洰鏍囷紙鐩爣1
+ 鍠滄鍚晠浜嬶紝鐪嬪浘涔︼紱鐩爣2 鍏锋湁鍒濇鐨勯槄璇荤悊瑙ｈ兘鍔涳紱鐩爣3
+ 鍏锋湁涔﹂潰琛ㄨ揪鐨勬効鏈涘拰鍒濇鎶�鑳斤級鏉ュ疄鐜般�傛棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄥ凡缁忔垚涓哄辜鍎垮洯璇█娲诲姩浠ュ強骞煎効鏃ュ父鐢熸椿涓笉鍙垨缂虹殑涓�閮ㄥ垎銆�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="182">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(182) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">175</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <h3 id="c047">涓�銆佹棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄨ璁＄殑鎸囧鎬濇兂</h3>
+ <h4 id="d121">锛堜竴锛夊鍏冮槄璇绘暀鑲茬悊蹇�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 澶氬厓闃呰鏁欒偛鏄负骞煎効鍒涜澶氬厓闃呰鐨勬儏澧冿紝缁欏辜鍎挎彁渚涘鍏冮槄璇荤殑寮曞锛屽府鍔╁辜鍎挎垚涓轰竴涓彲浠ョ嫭绔嬭嚜涓婚槄璇荤殑浜恒�傚叿浣撴潵璇达紝搴旇鍖呮嫭涓嬪垪鍥犵礌銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e132">1.鍒涜澶氬厓闃呰鐨勬儏澧�</h5>
+ <p class="center">
+ <img class="img-c" alt="" src="../../images/0195-1.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="img">鍥�7-9 鏌愬辜鍎块槄瑙堝涓�瑙�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鎶婂辜鍎垮甫鍏ラ槄璇讳笘鐣岀殑绗竴姝ワ紝灏辨槸婵�鍙戜粬浠殑闃呰鍏磋叮锛岃惀閫犱竴绉嶅鏉俱�佽嚜鐢辩殑闃呰姘涘洿锛屽垱璁句赴瀵屻�佹俯棣ㄧ殑闃呰鐜锛屼负寮曢骞煎効鍠滄闃呰鑰屽垱璁捐壇濂界殑蹇冪悊銆佹椂绌烘潯浠躲�備緥濡傦紝灏嗕功鏀惧湪鍥句功瀹ゅ紑鏀惧紡鐨勪功鏋朵笂锛屽涓撴敞闃呰骞煎効杩涜琛ㄦ壃榧撳姳鍙婃俯棣ㄩ槄璇诲尯瑙掔殑甯冪疆绛夛紝鏄縺鍙戝辜鍎跨儹鐖遍槄璇荤殑璧峰銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e133">2.閫夋嫨澶氬厓闃呰鐨勬潗鏂�</h5>
+ <p>澶氬厓鍖栫殑闃呰鏉愭枡鏈夊姪浜庝赴瀵屽辜鍎跨殑闃呰缁忛獙锛屽舰鎴愯壇濂介槄璇诲搧璐ㄣ��</p>
+ <p>
+ 浠庨槄璇绘潗鏂欑殑鍐呭鏂归潰鑰冭檻锛屾暀甯堝簲娉ㄦ剰棰樻潗鐨勫鏍峰寲銆佹枃浣撶殑澶氭牱鍖栵紝娑夊強骞煎効鐢熸椿銆佺瀛︾煡璇嗐�佺幆澧冮棶棰樸�佺敓鍛芥暀鑲层�佷翰鎯呭弸鎯呫�佹帰绱㈠巻闄╃瓑鍚勭棰樻潗锛涗粠浣撹鏉ヨ锛屾棦鍙互鏄辜鍎胯瘲姝屻�佹晠浜嬨�佹暎鏂囷紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸浼犺銆佺煡璇嗘�у浘涔︾瓑銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 浠庨槄璇绘潗鏂欑殑褰㈠紡鏂归潰鑰冭檻锛屾棦鍙互鏄浘鐢讳功銆佺敾鎶ャ�佹潅蹇楋紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸鑷埗鍥句功鎴栧悇绉嶆敹钘忓搧锛堝閭エ銆佸瓧鐢汇�侀棬绁ㄧ瓑锛夛紱鏃㈠彲浠ユ槸鍥墍鍐呭鐨勮嚜鐒朵汉宸ョ幆澧冿紙濡傚北姘淬�佹爲鏈ㄣ�佽姳鑽夈�侀洉濉戙�佽绀虹墝銆佸晢鏍囧箍鍛婄瓑锛夛紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸鍚勭瑙嗗惉璧勬枡锛堝纾佸甫銆佸够鐏墖銆佽棰戠瓑锛夋垨鑰呯敓鍔ㄦ湁瓒ｇ殑寮傚舰鍥句功锛堝浣撶幇闀块楣跨壒寰佺殑鈥滈暱棰堜功鈥濄�佹弿杩拌殨鐢熼暱杩囩▼鐨勨�滄鍙跺舰涔︹�濈瓑锛夈��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e134">3.灏濊瘯澶氬厓闃呰鐨勫舰寮�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効闃呰褰㈠紡锛屾棦鍙互鏄兘璇荤殑鍥句功锛屼篃鍙互鏄兘鎿嶄綔鐨勭珛浣撲功銆佺帺鍏蜂功銆佸竷涔︼紝杩樺彲浠ユ槸鑳藉惉鐨勬晠浜嬩功銆佽兘鐪嬬殑鎴忓墽琛ㄦ紨绛夈��
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d122">锛堜簩锛夊垱鎰忛槄璇绘暀鑲茬悊蹇�</h4>
+ <p>鍒涙剰闃呰鏁欒偛鐞嗗康鍗宠骞煎効鐨勯槄璇昏繃绋嬪厖婊″垱鎰忋��</p>
+ <p>
+ 鍒涙剰闃呰鐨勭悊蹇碉紝涓�鏂归潰锛屾槸鎸囧辜鍎块槄璇荤殑鍐呭鏈韩鍏锋湁寰堝己鐨勫垱鎰忥紝骞煎効鍦ㄩ槄璇讳腑鍙互鍙戠幇鍜屾劅鎮熶綔鑰呯殑鍒涙剰锛岃幏寰楅槄璇荤殑蹇箰骞朵骇鐢熸寔缁殑鍔ㄦ満鎰挎湜銆傛墍浠ワ紝鍦ㄤ负骞煎効閫夋嫨闃呰鏉愭枡鏃跺彲浠ヤ粠鍒涙剰鐨勫舰璞″唴瀹广�佸垱鎰忕殑鍝茬悊鎯呮�濄�佸垱鎰忕殑鑹烘湳琛ㄧ幇涓変釜鏂归潰鏉ユ妸鎻★紝渚嬪锛岃壘鐟灺峰崱灏旂殑鍥剧敾涔﹀銆婂ソ楗跨殑姣涙瘺铏�嬨�婂ソ蹇欑殑铚樿洓銆嬨�婄埜鐖革紝鎴戣鏈堜寒銆嬬瓑閮界粰骞煎効鍒涢�犱簡涓�鐗囧垱鎰忛槄璇荤殑澶╁湴銆傚彟涓�鏂归潰锛屾槸鎸囧辜鍎块槄璇荤殑杩囩▼鍏呮弧浜嗗垱鎰忥紝鏁欒偛鑰呮寚瀵煎辜鍎块槄璇荤殑閲嶇偣鏄皢涓�鑸殑璇讳功瀛︿範鍙樻垚瀵屾湁鍒涢�犳剰涔夌殑娲诲姩杩囩▼锛屽紩瀵煎辜鍎垮湪闃呰瀛︿範涓厖鍒嗘兂璞″拰鍒涢�狅紝鏈�缁堝皢骞煎効鍩瑰吇鎴愪細鑷富闃呰銆佸叿鏈夊垱閫犵簿绁炵殑浜恒�傚垱鎰忛槄璇荤殑鏈�缁堢洰鐨勶紝鏄湪闃呰涓府鍔╁辜鍎垮舰鎴愭湁鏁堢殑闃呰绛栫暐杩涜�屽吇鎴愯嚜涓�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="183">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(183) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">176</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 闃呰鑳藉姏锛屽湪骞煎効闃呰涓涔犲弽鎬濄�侀鏈熴�佽川鐤戙�佸亣璁剧瓑閮芥槸閫氬線鏈夋晥闃呰绛栫暐鐨勫繀鐢变箣璺�備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄣ�婂ソ楗跨殑姣涙瘺铏�嬮噷锛屾暀甯堝彲浠ョ敤鈥滃鏋滀綘鏄竴鍙ソ楗跨殑姣涙瘺铏紝浣犱細鍚冧簺浠�涔堝ソ鍚冪殑涓滆タ鈥濇潵寮曞骞煎効鎯宠薄涓�涓柊鐨勬潯浠朵笅鐨勫悇绉嶅彲鑳芥儏鏅紝榧撳姳骞煎効鎯宠薄鍜屽垱閫犮��
+ </p>
+
+ <h4 id="d123">锛堜笁锛夋父鎴忛槄璇绘暀鑲茬悊蹇�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 娓告垙闃呰鏁欒偛锛屾槸灏嗕竴鑸殑娓告垙娲诲姩鍙樻垚瀵屾湁闃呰鎰忎箟鐨勬椿鍔ㄨ繃绋嬨�傝繖绉嶉槄璇荤悊蹇佃姹傛暀甯堝紩瀵煎辜鍎垮埄鐢ㄦ父鎴忕幆澧冧腑鐨勮瑷�璧勬枡杩涜娓告垙锛屽煿鍏诲辜鍎垮闃呰鐨勫叴瓒ｏ紝浠ュ強鐑埍闃呰鐨勬儏鎰熴��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 娓告垙闃呰鏁欒偛鍏锋湁涓や釜灞傞潰鐨勫惈涔夈�備竴鏂归潰鏄寚鎶婇槄璇诲綋浣滄父鎴忋�備互骞煎効瀵规父鎴忕殑鐑埍鏉ユ縺鍙戝辜鍎垮闃呰鐨勫叴瓒ｏ紝璁╁辜鍎垮湪娓告垙涓嚜鍙戝湴浜х敓闃呰鐨勫姩鏈哄拰鎰挎湜锛岃嚜鍙戝湴闃呰骞惰幏寰楅槄璇荤殑蹇箰銆傚彟涓�鏂归潰鏄紩瀵煎辜鍎垮湪娓告垙涓槄璇汇�傚湪骞煎効娓告垙涓紝鏁欒偛鑰呮洿澶氬湴鎶婃寚瀵艰涓鸿浆鍙樹负鏀寔鎬ц涓猴紝鍗抽�氳繃涓哄辜鍎跨殑娓告垙鐜甯冪疆涓板瘜鐨勮瑷�鏂囧瓧璧勬枡锛屽紩瀵煎辜鍎垮湪娓告垙涓涔犻槄璇汇��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 娓告垙闃呰鐨勭洰鏍囨槸鍩瑰吇骞煎効鐨勮嚜涓婚槄璇昏兘鍔涳紝鍦ㄦ父鎴忎腑鏁欏笀濡備綍淇冭繘骞煎効闃呰琛屼负鐨勫彂鐢熷憿锛熼鍏堣姹傚叧娉ㄦ父鎴忎笌闃呰鏈夋満缁撳悎鐨勭幆澧冿紱鍏舵鍦ㄦ父鎴忎腑鍙互閫氳繃浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜閫斿緞鏉ュ煿鍏伙細
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 涓�鏄彁渚涗笌鍥剧敾涔︽湁鍏崇殑鐜╁叿銆傛彁渚涚浉鍏崇帺鍏锋垨鏇夸唬鍝侊紝瀵瑰辜鍎跨悊瑙ｅ浘涔﹀唴瀹广�佸鍔犻槄璇诲叴瓒ｃ�佸缓绔嬪浘涔︿笌宸叉湁缁忛獙涔嬮棿鐨勮仈绯绘槸鏈夌泭鐨勶紝鐢氳嚦鐜╁叿鍙互鎴愪负鏈潵娓告垙鐨勨�滃紩瀛愨�濓紝浣垮緱鏁呬簨闃呰鐢辨娊璞″彉寰楁洿鍔犲叿浣擄紝骞堕檷浣庝簡閫氳繃鏂囨湰杩涜鎯宠薄鐨勮鐭ユ柟闈㈢殑鍥伴毦銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 浜屾槸榧撳姳骞煎効浠ユ父鎴忕殑鏂瑰紡瀵归槄璇诲唴瀹硅繘琛屽洖搴斻�傚綋闃呰寮曡捣寮虹儓鐨勬儏鎰熸椂锛岃鑹叉壆婕斻�佽韩浣撳姩浣滃氨鎴愪负骞煎効瀵瑰浘鐢讳功杩涜鍥炲簲鐨勪竴绉嶅舰寮忥紝杩欑澶氭劅瀹樼粡楠屼负骞煎効鐞嗚В鏁呬簨鍐呭銆佽鑹叉儏鎰熸彁渚涗簡鏂扮殑濂戞満銆傚湪娓告垙涓辜鍎垮彲浠モ�滄斁鎱⑩�濇晠浜嬭繘绋嬶紝杩欐牱灏卞彲浠モ�滈噸娓糕�濊嚜宸卞湪闃呰涓湁鐤戦棶鐨勫湴鏂广�傜敱浜庢湁娓告垙鍚屼即锛屽辜鍎胯繕鍙互鑾峰緱鍏朵粬浜哄鏁呬簨鐨勪笉鍚屾兂娉曘��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 涓夋槸榧撳姳骞煎効鎶婃晠浜嬪唴瀹逛互澶氱褰㈠紡琛ㄧ幇鍑烘潵銆傚舰寮忎笉浠呬粎鏄辜鍎挎垙鍓ц〃婕旓紝杩樺彲浠ユ槸鏁呬簨缁紪銆佷豢缂栨垨鍒涚紪锛涘彲浠ユ槸闃呰涓殑鍗冲叴琛ㄧ幇锛屼篃鍙互鏄槄璇诲悗鍑嗗鐨勮〃鐜帮紱鍙互鏄瑷�鐨勮〃鐜帮紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸鍔ㄤ綔鐨勮〃鐜帮紱鍙互鏄父鎴忛槄璇讳腑鐨勯槄璇伙紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸鍏朵粬娲诲姩涓殑浣撶幇锛屽璇█娓告垙锛堝缁曞彛浠わ級銆佺帺妫嬬洏娓告垙绛夛紝杩欎簺鍧囨湁鐩婁簬骞煎効璇█鎰忚瘑鐨勫彂灞曪紝鍥犱负杩欎簺娓告垙鎬х殑绀句細浜掑姩鏇村鏄撳惛寮曞辜鍎垮弬涓庛��
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c048">浜屻�佹棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄧ殑璁捐鍜岀粍缁�</h3>
+ <p>
+ 鐢变簬鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩鍏锋湁鏁村悎鎬х壒鐐癸紝鏁欏笀鏃㈣鍩瑰吇骞煎効鑹ソ鐨勯槄璇讳範鎯�佹纭殑闃呰鏂规硶銆佸繀瑕佺殑闃呰鎶�鑳斤紝鍙堣璁╁辜鍎跨悊瑙ｉ槄璇诲唴瀹广�佷綋楠岄槄璇绘枃鏈墍钑村惈鐨�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="184">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(184) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">177</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鎬佸害鎯呮劅锛屽洜姝ゆ棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄥ湪缁勭粐鍜屽疄鏂界殑杩囩▼涓渶瑕佸叧娉ㄥ鏂归潰鍥犵礌銆傚悓鏃讹紝骞煎効鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩鍖呭惈鍓嶉槄璇汇�佸墠璇嗗瓧銆佸墠涔﹀啓涓夌鍐呭鐨勬椿鍔紝鑰岃繖涓夌鍐呭鐨勬棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄨ杈惧埌鐨勬暀鑲茬洰鏍囧張瀛樺湪涓�瀹氬樊寮傦紝杩欑宸紓浣垮緱鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩鐨勮璁′笌缁勭粐闇�瑕佹牴鎹椿鍔ㄥ唴瀹圭殑涓嶅悓鑰屾湁鎵�渚ч噸銆傛澶栵紝璇绘湰绫诲瀷鐨勪笉鏂赴瀵岋紝濡傜數瀛愰槄璇荤殑澧炲姞锛岃�屽悓鏍锋槸鍥剧敾涔﹂槄璇伙紝鍙堟湁鏁呬簨绫诲浘鐢讳功銆佽瘲姝岀被鍥剧敾涔︺�佺煡璇嗙被鍥剧敾涔︿箣鍒嗭紝杩欎娇寰楁棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄧ殑璁捐鍜屽疄鏂藉嚭鐜颁簡鏂扮殑鐗瑰緛銆傚湪姝わ紝鎴戜滑鎺㈣鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩鐨勮璁″拰瀹炴柦鐨勫熀鏈楠わ紝涓烘暀甯堝畬鎴愭棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄨ璁℃彁渚涘弬鑰冦��
+ </p>
+ <div class="bk">
+ <div class="bk1">
+ <p><span class="bj2">骞煎効鍥暀甯堣祫鏍艰瘉鑰冭瘯路鑰冪偣棰勬祴</span></p>
+ <div class="tp-2">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-1" alt="" src="../../images/tb-1.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ 璇█鏁欒偛娲诲姩鏄疄鐜拌瑷�鏁欒偛鐩爣鐨勬湁鏁堥�斿緞锛屾槸缁勭粐鍜岃惤瀹炶瑷�鏁欒偛浠诲姟鐨勫叿浣撴墜娈点�傝瑷�棰嗗煙鐨勬棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄨ璁℃槸鏁欏笀璧勬牸璇佽�冭瘯鐨勫懡棰橀噸鐐广��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 姣斿锛屽皾璇曚互鈥滄垜鐨勫濡堚�濅负涓婚锛岃璁′竴涓辜鍎垮洯鏌愬勾榫勭彮娲诲姩鏂规銆�
+ <span class="btn-box" @click="showAnswer1 = !showAnswer1">
+ <svg
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ width="20.501"
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+ d="M3344.717-15308.5H3337.4a10.186,10.186,0,0,1-7.25-3,10.185,10.185,0,0,1-3-7.25A10.262,10.262,0,0,1,3337.4-15329a10.26,10.26,0,0,1,10.249,10.248,10.129,10.129,0,0,1-2.2,6.341v3.177A.734.734,0,0,1,3344.717-15308.5Zm-9.606-7.29h4.493l.527,1.419c.071.182.156.386.254.608a2.428,2.428,0,0,0,.273.512.986.986,0,0,0,.315.262.971.971,0,0,0,.454.1,1.05,1.05,0,0,0,.773-.327,1.025,1.025,0,0,0,.319-.723,3.3,3.3,0,0,0-.277-1.051l-.062-.161-2.889-7.313c-.119-.321-.228-.607-.335-.873a2.972,2.972,0,0,0-.323-.616,1.56,1.56,0,0,0-.5-.469,1.552,1.552,0,0,0-.781-.181,1.535,1.535,0,0,0-.773.181,1.475,1.475,0,0,0-.5.477,3.674,3.674,0,0,0-.362.739l-.239.627-.054.135-2.824,7.355c-.095.229-.179.46-.25.688a1.529,1.529,0,0,0-.073.477.978.978,0,0,0,.323.72,1.039,1.039,0,0,0,.746.315.838.838,0,0,0,.716-.3,4.676,4.676,0,0,0,.466-.985l.062-.165.527-1.449Zm3.747-1.5h-3.293l1.812-5.124,1.481,5.123Z"
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+ </svg>
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+ </p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p v-if="showAnswer1">
+ <b>绛旈鎬濊矾锛�</b
+ >杩欎釜娲诲姩鏂规鏃㈠彲浠ヨ璁℃垚涓�涓患鍚堜富棰樻椿鍔ㄦ柟妗堬紝鍦ㄤ笉鍚岄鍩熶互鍒嗕富棰樺舰寮忓紑灞曪紝濡傝瑷�棰嗗煙锛堟棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄣ�佸辜鍎挎枃瀛︿綔鍝佹椿鍔ㄣ�佽皥璇濇垨璁茶堪娲诲姩绛夛級锛岀ぞ浼氶鍩燂紝鑹烘湳棰嗗煙绛夛紝涔熷彲浠ヤ互涓�涓鍩熶负涓伙紙濡傝瑷�棰嗗煙锛夊啀寤朵几鍒板叾浠栭鍩熴��
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <h4 id="d124">锛堜竴锛夊垱璁炬儏澧冿紝寮曞彂闃呰鍏磋叮</h4>
+ <p>
+ 闃呰鍏磋叮鏄辜鍎夸翰杩戝浘涔︼紝楂樻晥寮�灞曟棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄧ殑蹇呰鏉′欢銆傚湪缁勭粐鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩涓紝閫氳繃涓�瀹氱殑鎵嬫鍒涜鎯呭锛屽紩瀵煎辜鍎胯嚜鐒惰繘鍏ラ槄璇绘皼鍥存槸鏁欏笀甯哥敤鐨勬柟娉曘�備互涓嬫槸鍑犵甯哥敤鐨勫鍏ユ縺瓒ｇ殑鏂规硶绀轰緥銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e135">1.璇█婵�瓒�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 姣斿锛岃寮�灞曘�婅毌铓撶殑鏃ヨ銆嬬殑闃呰娲诲姩锛屾暀甯堝彲浠ヤ粠骞煎効鐢熸椿缁忛獙鈥滃叧浜庤毌铓擄紝浣犱滑鐭ラ亾浠�涔堚�濇潵瀵煎叆锛涚劧鍚庣敤璇█婵�瓒ｂ�滀粖澶╄�佸笀甯︽潵涓�鏈緢濂界湅鐨勫浘鐢讳功锛屼綘浠兂鐪嬪悧鈥濓紝鏁欏笀鍑虹ず鍥句功锛屽憡璇夊辜鍎垮浘涔﹀悕绉帮紝骞跺甫棰嗗辜鍎跨敤涓�涓�瀵瑰簲鐨勬柟娉曡璇诲皝闈笂鐨勬眽瀛椼��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e136">2.鐜╁叿鏁欏叿婵�瓒�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 渚嬶細锛堟暀甯堝嚭绀轰竴瀵瑰厰瀛愯�虫湹鐨勭帺鍏凤級鐪嬬湅鑰佸笀鎵嬮噷鐨勮繖涓暱闀跨殑涓滆タ鍍忎粈涔堬紵灏忓厰瀛愰暱闀跨殑鑰虫湹鑳藉共浠�涔堬紵鏈変竴鏈功灏卞彨銆婇暱闀跨殑鈥︹�︺�嬶紝閲岄潰鏈夎澶氬皬鍔ㄧ墿涔熼暱鏈夐暱闀跨殑涓�鏍蜂笢瑗匡紝鎴戜滑涓�璧锋潵鐪嬬湅銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e137">3.灏侀潰婵�瓒�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 渚嬩竴锛氳瀵熷皝闈紝璇磋灏侀潰涓婃湁璋侊紵灏忕尓锛熺嫄鐙革紵灏侀潰涓婂啓鐨勪粈涔堝悕瀛楋紵銆婃垜鐨勫垢杩愪竴澶┿�嬶紝閭ｄ粈涔堟槸骞歌繍鍛紵鏄皝鐨勫垢杩愪竴澶╋紵
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 渚嬩簩锛氳骞煎効瑙傚療灏侀潰锛岄棶鈥滆繖涓婇潰鏈変粈涔堚�濃�滆繖鏈功鐨勫悕瀛楀彨鈥樺ソ楗跨殑姣涙瘺铏�欙紝涓轰粈涔堣瀹冨ソ楗垮憿鈥濓紝浠庤�屾縺鍙戝辜鍎块槄璇诲浘鐢讳功鐨勬効鏈涖��
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="185">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(185) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">178</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <h4 id="d125">锛堜簩锛夋湁姝ラ闃呰锛屽紑灞曢槄璇绘寚瀵�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鐨勯槄璇昏繃绋嬫槸涓�涓鏉傜殑蹇冪悊杩囩▼銆傚湪杩欎釜杩囩▼涓紝骞煎効閫氳繃瑙傚療銆佹兂璞°�佹帰绌躲�佺悊瑙ｃ�佹儏鎰熻〃杈剧瓑涓嶆柇鏀归�犲師鏈夌殑鐭ヨ瘑缁忛獙骞剁敓鎴愭柊鐨勬剰涔夈�傚辜鍎块槄璇昏繃绋嬫槸涓�涓笉鏂缓鏋勭殑杩囩▼锛屾槸涓�涓辜鍎夸笌鍥剧敾涔﹀垱浣滆�呰繘琛屼氦娴併�佺悊瑙ｃ�佸璇濈殑杩囩▼銆傛湁姝ラ鍦板睍寮�闃呰杩囩▼锛屾棦绗﹀悎骞煎効鐨勫績鐞嗙壒鐐癸紝涔熸湁鍒╀簬鏁欏笀寮�灞曠浉搴旂殑闃呰鎸囧銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏈夋楠ょ殑闃呰涓�鑸寘鎷绉嶉槄璇绘柟寮忕殑浜や簰寮�灞曘�傚瀹屾暣闃呰銆佸垎娈甸槄璇讳笌绮鹃�夊浘鐗囬槄璇伙紝骞煎効鑷繁闃呰涓庡笀骞煎叡鍚岄槄璇伙紝澶т功闃呰涓庢瘡浜轰竴鏈皬涔﹂槄璇绘垨鍚屼即闃呰绛夈�傚湪涓嶅悓鐨勯槄璇绘柟寮忔湁姝ラ灞曞紑鐨勮繃绋嬩腑锛屾暀甯堣杩涜鐨勯槄璇绘寚瀵肩殑閲嶇偣涔熸湁鍖哄埆銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 渚嬪锛屽湪瀹屾暣闃呰涓紝鏁欏笀瑕佺潃閲嶅紩瀵煎辜鍎夸綋浼氬浘鐢讳功鐨勮瑷�銆佺敾闈€�佷汉鐗╁績鎯呫�佹枃鏈唴瀹瑰強鍐呮兜绛夛紝鍩瑰吇骞煎効鍦ㄩ槄璇昏繃绋嬩腑鐨勬�濈淮鑳藉姏鍜岃瑷�琛ㄨ揪鑳藉姏锛涘湪鍒嗘闃呰涓紝鏁欏笀搴旇鏇村鍦板紩瀵煎辜鍎垮鍥剧敾涔︾殑鍐呭杩涜鍙嶆�濆拰棰勬湡锛屽苟閫氳繃鍥剧敾涔︾殑鍐呭楠岃瘉棰勬湡锛屼互姝ゅ湪闃呰杩囩▼涓煿鍏诲辜鍎跨壒瀹氱殑闃呰棰勫鎶�鑳斤紱鍦ㄧ簿閫夊浘鐗囬槄璇讳腑锛屾暀甯堣娉ㄦ剰寮曞骞煎効鑱旂郴鑷繁鐨勭敓娲荤粡楠岋紝璇磋鑷繁鏈�鍠滄鍥句功涓殑鍝嚑椤碉紝涓轰粈涔堟渶鍠滄杩欏嚑椤点�備互姝ゅ煿鍏诲辜鍎垮湪闃呰杩囩▼涓綋楠岃嚜宸辨儏鎰熺殑鑳藉姏銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍦ㄥ笀骞煎叡鍚岄槄璇伙紙涓�鑸槸澶т功闃呰鎴栧埄鐢≒PT璇句欢闃呰锛変腑锛屾暀甯堣鍏虫敞骞煎効鐨勬墍鎬濇墍鎰燂紝瑕佺粍缁囦互骞煎効涓轰腑蹇冪殑璁ㄨ娲诲姩锛岄�氳繃涓庡悓浼寸殑鍗忓悓鍚堜綔銆佸缓鏋勬剰涔夊拰鍒嗕韩鍥炲簲鏉ュ煿鍏诲辜鍎垮湪闃呰杩囩▼涓殑鍊惧惉鍜屽洖搴旀妧鑳姐�傚湪骞煎効鑷繁闃呰锛堜竴鑸槸姣忎汉涓�鏈皬涔﹂槄璇绘垨鍚屼即闃呰锛変腑锛屾暀甯堣鍔犲己瀵归槄璇诲浘涔︽妧鑳界殑鎸囧锛屽寘鎷浣曠湅涔︼紝濡備綍缈婚〉锛屽浣曡瀵熷浘鐗囷紝濡備綍缁撳悎鎵�璁よ瘑鐨勫瓧鐚滄祴鐢婚潰鍐呭锛屽浣曚笌鍚屼即娌熼�氫氦娴佺瓑锛屽煿鍏诲辜鍎胯嚜涓婚槄璇荤殑鑳藉姏鍜屽吇鎴愯壇濂界殑闃呰涔犳儻銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d126">锛堜笁锛夊洿缁曢噸鐐瑰紑灞曟椿鍔紝鎺屾彙鏍稿績缁忛獙</h4>
+ <p>
+ 姣忎釜鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩閮芥湁鍏惰嚜韬殑閲嶇偣銆侀毦鐐癸紝閽堝闃呰鐨勫唴瀹逛笉鍚屻�佸弬涓庢椿鍔ㄧ殑骞煎効骞撮緞鍜岀煡璇嗙粡楠屼笉鍚岋紝姣忎釜鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩瑕佷紶閫掔殑鏍稿績缁忛獙涔熸湁鎵�涓嶅悓銆傛暀甯堝湪缁勭粐闃呰娲诲姩鏃讹紝瑕佸仛鍒板績涓湁鏁帮紝閽堝涓嶅悓鐨勯噸鐐规潵寮�灞曟椿鍔ㄣ�備緥濡傦紝鍓嶅浘涔﹂槄璇绘椿鍔ㄥ彲浠ュ洿缁曞唴瀹瑰紑灞曡〃婕斻�佹父鎴忋�佽杩扮瓑涓庡浘鐗囧唴瀹规湁鍏崇殑娲诲姩锛涘墠璇嗗瓧娲诲姩鍙互閫氳繃鈥滆涓�璁も�濃�滄嫾涓�鎷尖�濃�滄瘮涓�姣斺�濈瓑娲诲姩杩涗竴姝ュ珐鍥烘眽瀛楁瀯鎴愯寰嬬瓑鏍稿績缁忛獙锛涘墠涔﹀啓娲诲姩鍙互閫氳繃鎻忕敾銆佺敾绗﹀彿銆佷负灏忓姩鐗╂壘瀹讹紙璁よ瘑鐢板瓧鏍硷級绛夋椿鍔ㄥ府鍔╁辜鍎跨Н绱墠涔﹀啓缁忛獙銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d127">锛堝洓锛夊紑灞曢槄璇诲欢浼告椿鍔�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鍦ㄦ棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄤ腑锛屽骞煎効鐨勫墠鍥句功闃呰銆佸墠璇嗗瓧鑳藉姏銆佸墠涔﹀啓鑳藉姏鐨勫煿鍏讳笉鏄竴娆℃垨鍑犳闃呰娲诲姩灏卞彲浠ュ畬鎴愮殑锛岃�屾槸涓�涓惊搴忔笎杩涖�侀�愭绉疮銆佺ǔ姝ユ彁鍗囩殑杩囩▼銆傚洜姝わ紝鏁欏笀蹇呴』鏍戠珛闀挎湡鏁欒偛鐨勮蹇碉紝姣忎釜闃呰娲诲姩缁撴潫涔嬪悗锛屽彲浠ョ粍缁囧紑灞曚笌闃呰娲诲姩鐩稿叧鐨勫欢浼告椿鍔紝璁╁辜鍎胯繘涓�姝ュ珐鍥哄拰鍔犲己鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩涓牳蹇冪粡楠岀殑瀛︿範銆傚閫氳繃鍖哄煙娲诲姩涓殑璁叉晠浜嬫椿鍔ㄣ�佽〃婕旀父鎴忋�佺画缂栧垱缂栥�佹湕璇绘椿鍔紝浠ュ強
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="186">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(186) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">179</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 瀹跺洯閰嶅悎鐨勫浘涔﹀埗浣滄椿鍔ㄣ�佷翰瀛愬叡璇绘椿鍔ㄧ瓑鍐呭寤朵几鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩鐨勬暀鑲插姛鑳斤紝浠ヤ究鏇存繁鍏ュ湴鏀寔鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩鐨勬垚鏋溿��
+ </p>
+ <p class="left"><span class="bj2">鐩稿叧閾炬帴</span></p>
+ <div class="tp-5">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-1" alt="" src="../../images/tb-5.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p class="center">
+ <span class="zt-ls1"
+ >鎬濊�冿細鍥剧敾涔﹂槄璇讳笌鏁呬簨鏁欏鐨勫尯鍒槸浠�涔堬紵<a id="w13"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m13"><sup>[13]</sup></a></span
+ >
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効闃呰鐨勫ぇ澶氭暟鏄晠浜嬬被鐨勫浘鐢讳功锛屾暀甯堝湪寮�灞曞浘鐢讳功闃呰娲诲姩鏃讹紝浣跨敤鐨勪篃澶ч儴鍒嗘槸鏁呬簨绫荤殑鍥剧敾涔︼紝浣嗚澶氭暀甯堝湪鍥剧敾涔﹂槄璇绘椿鍔ㄤ腑锛屽父甯镐笉鑷鍦板氨鎶婂浘鐢讳功闃呰娲诲姩缁勭粐鎴愪簡鏈夋彃鍥撅紙鎸傚浘锛夌殑鏁呬簨鏁欏娲诲姩锛岄偅涔堝浘鐢讳功闃呰鍜屾晠浜嬫暀瀛︿箣闂寸殑鍖哄埆鍒板簳鏄粈涔堬紵
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 涓嶅彲鍚﹁锛屽湪鍥剧敾涔﹂槄璇绘椿鍔ㄥ拰鏁呬簨鏁欏涓紝骞煎効閮借鐞嗚В鏁呬簨鐨勬儏鑺傦紝閮戒細鏈夊鏁呬簨涓瘝姹囩殑鐞嗚В锛屼篃閮戒細鏈夊浜虹墿鐗瑰緛鐨勮瘎鍒ゃ�備絾涓よ�呮渶閲嶈鐨勫尯鍒湪浜庯細涓よ�呯粰骞煎効鎻愪緵鐨勮瑷�瀛︿範鍜屽彂灞曠殑鏍稿績缁忛獙鏄笉鍚岀殑銆傚浜庡浘鐢讳功闃呰娲诲姩鏉ヨ锛屾渶閲嶈鐨勪环鍊兼槸涓哄辜鍎挎彁渚涢槄璇绘牳蹇冪粡楠岀殑瀛︿範鍜屽彂灞曠殑鏈轰細锛岄�氳繃杩欎簺鏍稿績缁忛獙鐨勫涔犲拰鍙戝睍锛屽辜鍎挎渶缁堟垚闀夸负涓�涓垵姝ョ殑鑷富闃呰鑰呫�傚洜姝わ紝鍦ㄩ槄璇绘椿鍔ㄤ腑锛屾椿鍔ㄧ洰鏍囧簲渚ч噸鍦ㄩ槄璇绘牳蹇冪粡楠岀殑鎻愬崌鍜屽彂灞曚笂锛屽湪鏁欏鐨勫叿浣撶幆鑺備笂锛屼篃寮鸿皟骞煎効鑷富缈讳功闃呰銆佸鐢婚潰鐨勮瀵熴�佸闃呰鍐呭鐨勭寽娴嬨�佸亣璁惧拰楠岃瘉锛岃骞煎効涓昏鍦ㄨ锛堝挨鍏舵槸鑷富闃呰锛変腑鑾峰緱鍥剧敾涔︾殑鏁呬簨鎯呰妭鍐呭銆傝�屽湪鏁呬簨鏁欏娲诲姩涓紝娲诲姩鐩爣搴斾晶閲嶅府鍔╁辜鍎夸簡瑙ｆ晠浜嬫儏鑺傦紝鎺屾彙鏂拌瘝璇紝浠跨紪鎴栫画缂栨儏鑺傜瓑鏍稿績缁忛獙涓婏紝鍦ㄦ暀瀛︾殑鍏蜂綋鐜妭涓紝涓昏鏄骞煎効閫氳繃鍊惧惉鏉ョ悊瑙ｆ晠浜嬫儏鑺傘��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍥犳锛屽湪寮�灞曞浘鐢讳功闃呰鏁欏娲诲姩鏃讹紝澶у涓�瀹氳鐗瑰埆鍒嗘瀽鑷繁鎵�寮�灞曠殑娲诲姩鏄惁鑳藉淇冭繘骞煎効闃呰鏍稿績缁忛獙鐨勫彂灞曪紝濡傛灉灏嗕竴鏈浘鐢讳功闃呰娲诲姩鍙槸缁勭粐鎴愪簡涓�娆℃湁PPT鐨勬晠浜嬫暀瀛︼紝閭ｅ氨涓уけ浜嗕績杩涘辜鍎块槄璇绘牳蹇冪粡楠屽彂灞曠殑澶уソ鏈轰細銆�
+ </p>
+ <p class="left"><span class="bj2">娲诲姩妗堜緥7-1</span></p>
+ <div class="tp">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-5" alt="" src="../../images/tb.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p class="center">
+ <b
+ >闃呰娲诲姩锛氥�婃垜鐖哥埜銆嬶紙澶х彮锛�<a id="w14"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m14"><sup>[14]</sup></a></b
+ >
+ </p>
+ <p><b>娲诲姩鐩爣锛�</b></p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�1锛夊枩娆㈣嚜宸辩殑鐖哥埜锛岃兘鐢ㄦ瘮鎷熺殑鏂瑰紡琛ㄨ揪鐖哥埜鐨勭壒鐐癸紝鍒濇瀛︿範鐢ㄢ�滄垜鐨勭埜鐖稿儚鈥︹�︿竴鏍封�︹�︹�濊繘琛岃杩般��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�2锛夌悊瑙ｅ浘鐢讳腑鐖哥埜鎵�鍙樺寲褰㈣薄鐨勬剰涔夛紝灏濊瘯鐢ㄥ舰璞＄敓鍔ㄧ殑璇█璁茶堪鐖哥埜鐨勭壒寰併��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�3锛夊垎浜鍥剧殑涔愯叮锛屽湪鎷撳睍鎯宠薄涓劅鍙楃埜鐖告祿娴撶殑鐖辨剰銆�</p>
+ <p><b>娲诲姩鍑嗗锛�</b></p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�1锛夌墿璐ㄥ噯澶囷細PPT璇句欢锛岀埜鐖哥殑鐓х墖锛屼笁缁勫姩鐗╁浘鐗囷紙A缁勪负绌轰腑椋炵殑鐕曞瓙銆�
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m13"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w13">[13]</a>
+ 鍒樺疂鏍�.瀛﹀墠骞煎効璇█鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵糩M].涓婃捣锛氬崕涓滃笀鑼冨ぇ瀛﹀嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2014锛�37.鏈夋敼鍔�.
+ </p>
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m14"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w14">[14]</a>
+ http锛�//wenku.baidu.com/view/e396005e5a8102d277a22f5b.html锛焒rom=search.2016-10-26.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="187">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(187) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">180</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 铚滆渹銆佽溁铚撶瓑锛汢缁勪负闄嗗湴涓婄殑澶у瀷鍔ㄧ墿璞瑰瓙銆侀暱棰堥箍绛夊拰灏忓瀷鍔ㄧ墿铓傝殎銆佽湗铔涚瓑锛汣缁勪负姘翠腑娓哥殑楸肩瓑锛夈��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夌粡楠屽噯澶囷細浜嗚В涓夌粍鍥剧墖涓姩鐗╃殑鍏稿瀷鐗瑰緛銆�</p>
+ <p><b>娲诲姩杩囩▼锛�</b></p>
+ <p>涓�銆佸睍绀虹埜鐖哥殑鐓х墖锛屽鍏ユ椿鍔�</p>
+ <p>锛�1锛夋暀甯堬細姣忎釜灏忔湅鍙嬮兘鏈夎嚜宸辩殑鐖哥埜锛岀灖锛佷粬浠兘鍒拌繖閲屾潵浜嗐��</p>
+ <p>锛堣鐪� PPT1鈥滅埜鐖镐滑鐨勭収鐗団�濓級璇风敤涓�鍙ヨ瘽鍚戝ぇ瀹朵粙缁嶄綘鐨勭埜鐖稿惂銆�</p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀灏忕粨锛氬皬鏈嬪弸鐨勭埜鐖稿悇涓嶇浉鍚岋紝鏈夊緢澶氱壒鐐广��</p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�2锛夋暀甯堬細鏈変竴浣嶅彨甯冩湕鐨勮嫳鍥藉皬鏈嬪弸涔熻鍚戝ぇ瀹朵粙缁嶄粬鐨勭埜鐖搞�傛垜浠竴璧锋潵鐪嬬湅浠栫殑鐖哥埜锛堣鐪婸PT2鈥滃仛楝艰劯鐨勭埜鐖糕�濓級銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�3锛夋暀甯堬細杩欎釜鐖哥埜鍦ㄥ共浠�涔堬紵锛堝瀛︾埜鐖哥殑鏍峰瓙锛変綘瑙夊緱浠栨槸涓粈涔堟牱鐨勭埜鐖革紵锛堝垵姝ユ劅鍙楃埜鐖稿緢閫楃殑鐗圭偣锛�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀灏忕粨锛氱湅璧锋潵杩欐槸涓彲鐖卞張鏈夎叮鐨勭埜鐖稿摝锛佷粬绌剁珶浼氭槸涓粈涔堟牱鐨勭埜鐖稿憿锛熸垜浠竴璧锋潵鐪嬬湅鍚с��
+ </p>
+ <p>浜屻�佸垎娈佃祻鏋愮粯鏈紝寮曞彂璁ㄨ</p>
+ <p>1.鍑虹ずPPT3锝�5锛堝唴瀹逛负鐖哥埜鍞辨瓕銆佽窇姝ワ級</p>
+ <p>A.鍞辨瓕銆傛暀甯堬細浣犵湅鍒颁簡璋侊紵鐖哥埜鍦ㄥ摢閲屽敱姝岋紵鍜岃皝涓�璧峰敱鐨勶紵</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀灏忕粨锛氱埜鐖稿湪鑸炲彴涓婂拰姝屽敱瀹朵竴璧峰敱姝岋紝浠栫殑鏃佽竟鏄湁鍚嶇殑涓栫晫鐢烽珮闊虫瓕鍞卞鍝︼紝鐖哥埜鍜屼粬浠悓鍙版紨鍑猴紝涓�瀹氭槸闈炲父鑷俊鐨勶紒
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ B.璺戞銆傛暀甯堬細鐖哥埜寰椾簡绗嚑鍚嶏紵浠栧拰璋佷竴璧疯禌璺戯紵浣犱粠鍝噷鐪嬪嚭鏉ョ殑锛�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀灏忕粨锛氬拰杩欎簺鏈夊悕鐨勮繍鍔ㄥ憳璧涜窇锛岃�屼笖杩樺緱浜嗙涓�锛佹湁杩欐牱涓�浣嶇埜鐖革紝妫掓瀬浜嗭紒
+ </p>
+ <p>2.鍑虹ずPPT6锝�8锛堢埜鐖歌繛澶ч噹鐙奸兘涓嶆�曪級</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氱埜鐖哥殑鍔ㄤ綔鏄粈涔堟牱鐨勶紵鎴戜滑涓�璧峰瀛︾埜鐖哥殑鏍峰瓙锛佺寽涓�鐚滀粬浼氬澶ч噹鐙艰浠�涔堛�備粬鐖哥埜鏈変粈涔堟湰棰嗗憿锛熺埜鐖告槸鍥犱负璋佹墠杩欐牱鍕囨暍锛�
+ </p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀灏忕粨锛氬锛佸洜涓鸿淇濇姢瀛╁瓙锛岀埜鐖哥壒鍒媷鏁紒</p>
+ <p>3.鍑虹ずPPT9锝�11锛堝唴瀹逛负澶х尒鐚┿�侀奔銆佺尗澶撮拱锛�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氱埜鐖哥殑鏈杩樹笉姝㈣繖浜涘憿锛屽竷鏈楃敤涓�绉嶆湁瓒ｇ殑鏂瑰紡锛屾妸鐖哥埜鐨勬湰棰嗚棌鍒板姩鐗╃殑韬笂锛屽悜澶у浠嬬粛鐖哥埜鏇村鐨勬湰棰嗐��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A.澶х尒鐚┿�傛暀甯堬細杩欐槸澶х尒鐚╄繕鏄埜鐖革紵澶х尒鐚╁拰鐖哥埜鐨勫摢涓壒鐐瑰緢鍍忓憿锛熷竷鏈楁兂鍛婅瘔鎴戜滑浠�涔堝憿锛�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀灏忕粨锛氭妸鐖哥埜姣旀垚澶х尒鐚╋紝甯冩湕鏄兂鍛婅瘔澶у鈥滄垜鐨勭埜鐖稿儚澶х尒鐚╀竴鏍锋湁鍔涙皵鈥濄��
+ </p>
+ <p>B.楸笺�傛暀甯堬細鐖哥埜鐨勪粈涔堟湰棰嗗儚楸间竴鏍峰憿锛�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀灏忕粨锛氣�滄垜鐨勭埜鐖稿儚楸间竴鏍锋父寰楀揩鈥濓紝鎶婄埜鐖告瘮鎴愰奔锛岃鏄庡竷鏈楃殑鐖哥埜鏄釜
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="188">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(188) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">181</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>娓告吵楂樻墜銆�</p>
+ <p>C.鐚ご楣般�傛暀甯堬細鐖哥埜鐨勪粈涔堟湰棰嗗儚鐚ご楣板憿锛�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀灏忕粨锛氬竷鏈楃殑鐖哥埜鑷俊锛屽媷鏁紝涓嶆�曡緵鑻︼紝鍍忓ぇ鐚╃尒涓�鏍锋湁鍔涙皵锛屽儚楸间竴鏍锋父寰楀揩锛岃繕鍍忕尗澶撮拱涓�鏍疯仾鏄庛�傚叾瀹烇紝鍦ㄤ綘鐨勭埜鐖搞�佷粬鐨勭埜鐖搞�佹垜鐨勭埜鐖歌韩涓婁篃鏈夎璁稿澶氱殑鏈銆備綘浼氱敤甯冩湕鐨勫姙娉曪紝涔熸妸鐖哥埜鐨勪紭鐐硅棌鍒板姩鐗╄韩涓婏紝澶镐竴澶哥埜鐖稿悧锛�
+ </p>
+ <p>涓夈�佸�熷姪鍔ㄧ墿鍥剧墖锛屽紩瀵艰〃杈�</p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�1锛夊嚭绀篜PT12锛堢埜鐖镐滑鐨勭収鐗囷級锛屾暀甯堬細浣犵殑鐖哥埜鏈変粈涔堟湰棰嗭紵鍍忎粈涔堝姩鐗╀竴鏍凤紵锛堝紩瀵煎辜鍎胯繍鐢ㄢ�滄垜鐨勭埜鐖稿儚鈥︹�︿竴鏍封�︹�︹�濈殑鍙ュ瀷琛ㄨ揪鐖哥埜鐨勭壒鐐广�傦級
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�2锛夋暀甯堜粙缁嶅姩鐗╁浘鐗囧睍绀哄彴锛岃骞煎効灏嗙埜鐖哥殑鐗圭偣涓庡姩鐗╃被姣旓紝骞跺皢鍔ㄧ墿鍥剧墖璐村湪鐖哥埜鐓х墖鏃併��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�3锛夊辜鍎挎嬁鍑虹埜鐖哥殑鐓х墖锛屽垎缁勮繘琛屽尮閰嶏紝骞跺拰鏃佽竟鐨勫皬鏈嬪弸浜ゆ祦銆�</p>
+ <p>锛�4锛夎骞煎効灞曠ず鍥剧墖锛屽苟璁茶堪鈥滄垜鐨勭埜鐖稿儚鈥︹�︿竴鏍封�︹�︹��</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀灏忕粨锛氬垰鎵嶏紝鎴戜滑鍒嗗埆璁茶堪浜嗚嚜宸辩殑鐖哥埜銆傜幇鍦紝鎴戜滑涓�璧峰畬鏁村湴娆ｈ祻甯︾粰鎴戜滑鍚彂鐨勭粯鏈�婃垜鐖哥埜銆嬨��
+ </p>
+ <p>鍥涖�侀泦浣撻厤涔愰槄璇伙紝鎰熺煡缁樻湰</p>
+ <p>鍑虹ずPPT13锝�37锛屾暀甯堢紦缂撹杩帮紝骞舵彁閱掑瀛愬叧娉ㄥ浘鐢荤殑缁嗗井鍙樺寲銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀灏忕粨锛氬師鏉ワ紝鐖哥埜鍜屽濡堜竴鏍凤紝娣辨繁鍦扮埍鐫�鎴戜滑锛屾垜浠篃鐖辨垜浠殑鐖哥埜銆傚氨璁╂垜浠妸杩欎唤鐖变紶閫掍笅鍘汇��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <b>鍒嗘瀽锛�</b
+ >缁樻湰銆婃垜鐖哥埜銆嬫槸钁楀悕鎻掑浘澶у笀瀹変笢灏悸峰竷鏈椾负绾康鑷繁鐨勭埗浜蹭笓闂ㄥ垱浣滅殑锛屾俯棣ㄧ殑鐢婚潰銆佽嚜璞殑鍙ｅ惢锛屽睍鐜颁簡涓�涓�滅湡鐨勫緢妫掆�濈殑鐖哥埜褰㈣薄銆備綔鑰呬互瀛╁瓙鐨勮瑙掞紝澶╃湡銆佽嚜璞湴浠嬬粛鐖哥埜鐨勫悇绉嶆湰棰嗭紝鍙堢敤澶稿紶鐨勬墜娉曪紝鎶婄埜鐖哥殑鍚勭鐗圭偣姣旀嫙鎴愬姩鐗╋紝濡傗�滄垜鐖哥埜鍚冨緱鍍忛┈涓�鏍峰锛屾父寰楀儚楸间竴鏍峰揩鈥濓紝鍐嶉厤涓婄埜鐖稿彉鎴愬姩鐗╂ā鏍风殑鐢婚潰锛岀洿鎺ュ皢鈥滅埜鐖糕�濈殑鍚勭鐗圭偣灞曠幇鍦ㄨ鑰呴潰鍓嶏紝浠よ鑰呰�崇洰涓�鏂般�傛俯棣ㄣ�佸姩鎯呯殑鎻忚堪锛岀壒娈娿�佸彲鐖辩殑姣旀嫙锛岃鍒濇闃呰鐨勬垜蹇嶄繆涓嶇銆傚啀娆＄粏缁嗚鍥撅紝鍙堣鎴戞繁鍙楁劅鍔ㄣ�備簬鏄紝鏈変簡鍜屽瀛愪滑鍏卞悓鍒嗕韩闃呰鐨勬�濊�冦��
+ </p>
+ <p class="left"><span class="bj2">娲诲姩妗堜緥7-2</span></p>
+ <div class="tp">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-5" alt="" src="../../images/tb.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p class="center">
+ <b
+ >鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩锛氱埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶锛堝ぇ鐝級<a id="w15"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m15"><sup>[15]</sup></a></b
+ >
+ </p>
+ <p><b>浣滃搧鍒嗘瀽锛�</b></p>
+ <p>
+ 銆婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬫槸鍔犳嬁澶уコ浣滃鑿叉瘮路鍚夊皵鏇煎嚭鐗堢殑绗竷鏈功锛屽彇鏉愪簬鐘瑰お姝屾洸锛屾槸缁樻湰浣滃搧涓殑缁忓吀涔嬩綔銆傚湪娲诲姩涓紝鎴戦�夋嫨浜嗕竴鏉′富绾匡紙姣涙鐨勫彉鍖栵級鍜屼袱鏉″壇绾匡紙濡瑰鐨勬瘺姣拰灏忚�侀紶涓�瀹剁殑甯冭壓鍒朵綔锛夈�傞櫎姝や箣澶栨湰涔﹁繕鏈夊緢澶氱湅鐐癸紝濡傛湸瀹炵殑鐡︾墖锛屾湪璐ㄧ殑鎴垮眿锛屽揩涔愮殑澶ц锛屽眿鍐呬竴瀹朵汉娓╅Θ鐢熸椿鐨勬儏鏅紝缁撳熬澶勭殑缁濆閫㈢敓锛岃交宸ц瘲鎰忕殑鍛婂埆锛岄灏剧浉杩炲舰鎴愪簡涓�涓棤鍙寫鍓旂殑鍦嗐��
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m15"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w15">[15]</a>
+ 娲诲姩璁捐銆佹巿璇炬暀甯堬細娌冲寳鐪佹壙寰峰競绗竴骞煎効鍥棲鏅撲紵.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="189">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(189) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">182</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 锛堟湰娆℃椿鍔ㄥ洜涓鸿鏃跺師鍥狅紝閫夋潗鍒犳帀浜嗏�滈甯︹�旀墜甯曗�旂航鎵ｂ�濊繖涓�鐗囨锛屼负姹傜粯鏈粨鏋勭殑瀹屾暣銆傦級
+ </p>
+ <p><b>娲诲姩鐩爣锛�</b></p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�1锛夐�氳繃姝ゆ椿鍔紝骞煎効瀛︿細閲嶅鎬ц鍙ワ細鐖风埛涓�瀹氭湁鍔炴硶锛佺埛鐖锋嬁璧峰濂楋紝缈昏繃鏉ワ紝鍙堢炕杩囧幓銆傜埛鐖锋嬁璧峰壀鍒�寮�濮嬪挴鍚便�佸挴鍚卞湴鍓紝鍐嶇敤閽堥蹇湴缂濊繘銆佺紳鍑猴紝缂濊繘銆佺紳鍑恒��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夐�氳繃澶ц儐鍦板皾璇曘�佹兂璞★紝鐢ㄥ壀鍒�鍓嚭澶栧銆佽儗蹇冪瓑鐗╁搧銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�3锛夐�氳繃姝ゆ椿鍔ㄥ紩瀵煎辜鍎垮枩娆㈢粯鏈槄璇伙紝骞跺湪鏁呬簨涓劅鍙楃埛鐖风殑鐖卞拰鏅烘収銆�
+ </p>
+ <p><b>娲诲姩鍑嗗锛�</b></p>
+ <p>
+ 鍥剧敾涔︺�婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬶紝PPT銆婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬶紝鍓垁銆佸僵鑹茬焊鐩橈紝钃濊壊鏄熺┖鎵嬪伐绾革紙绾︾憻澶栧鐨勫浘妗堬級锛岀Щ鍔ㄩ粦鏉匡紝纾佹墸绛夈��
+ </p>
+ <p><b>娲诲姩杩囩▼锛�</b></p>
+ <p>1.甯歌鎻愮ず</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滆灏忔湅鍙嬩滑鐪嬬湅妗屽瓙涓婇潰鏈変粈涔堬紵鈥濓紙涓�涓焊鐩橈紝绾哥洏涓嬮潰鏈変竴寮犵焊锛岀焊鐩樹笂闈㈡湁涓�鎶婂壀鍒�銆傦級
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滀竴浼氬効锛屾垜浠幓妗屽瓙鏃佽竟鍓焊锛屼笉鐢ㄦ惉妞呭瓙锛屽壀鍒�涓嶅彲浠ユ嬁涓嬫瀛愶紝鍓垁灏栦笉鑳藉鐫�鍒汉涔熶笉鑳藉鐫�鑷繁銆傗��
+ </p>
+ <p>2.鏁欏笀灞曠ず鍥剧敾涔︺�婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬶紝寮曞骞煎効鐪嬪皝闈�</p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀锛氣�滃皝闈笂鏈夎皝锛熲�濓紙鐖风埛锛岀害鐟燂級</p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀鎸囧皝闈笂鐨勬枃瀛楀拰骞煎効涓�璧疯锛氣�滅埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆傗��</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀鍑虹ずPPT銆婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬪墠鐜‖椤碉紝鏁欏笀锛氣�滀綘鍦ㄥ摢鍎跨湅鍒颁簡杩欎釜鍥炬锛熲�濓紙绾︾憻鐨勮。鏈嶏級骞煎効鍥炵瓟瀹屾瘯锛屾暀甯堣繑鍥濸PT銆婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬩笂涓�椤碉紝璇峰辜鍎块獙璇佺瓟妗堛��
+ </p>
+ <p>3.姣瓙鍙樺濂�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀涓�杈规挱鏀綪PT銆婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬩竴杈硅鈥斺�斺�滃綋绾︾憻杩樻槸濞冨▋鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鐖风埛涓轰粬缂濅簡涓�鏉″濡欑殑姣瓙銆傛瀛愬張鑸掓湇锛屽張淇濇殩锛岃繕鍙互鎶婂櫓姊﹂�氶�氳刀璺戙�備笉杩囷紝绾︾憻娓愭笎闀垮ぇ浜嗭紝濂囧鐨勬瀛愪篃鍙樺緱鑰佹棫浜嗐�傛湁涓�澶╋紝濡堝瀵逛粬璇达細鈥樼害鐟燂紝鐪嬬湅浣犵殑姣瓙锛屽張鐮村張鏃э紝濂介毦鐪嬶紝鐪熻鎶婂畠涓簡銆傗�欌��
+ </p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀锛氣�滅害鐟熸効鎰忎涪鎺夋棫姣瓙鍚楋紵鈥濓紙涓嶆効鎰忥級</p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀锛氣�滄�庝箞鎵嶈兘涓嶈濡堝鎶婃棫姣瓙涓㈡帀鍛紵鈥�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀缁х画璁叉晠浜嬧�斺�斺�滅害鐟熻锛氣��<span class="u">鐖风埛涓�瀹氭湁鍔炴硶锛�</span
+ >鈥欑埛鐖锋嬁璧锋瀛愶紝<span class="u">缈昏繃鏉�</span>锛屽張<span class="u"
+ >缈昏繃鍘�</span
+ >銆傚棷锛岀埛鐖锋嬁璧峰壀鍒�寮�濮�<span class="u">鍜惐銆佸挴鍚�</span
+ >鍦板壀锛屽啀鐢ㄩ拡椋炲揩鍦�<span class="u">缂濊繘銆佺紳鍑猴紝缂濊繘銆佺紳鍑恒��</span
+ >锛堝姞閲嶇敾绾垮彞瀛愮殑璇皵锛屽姞娣卞辜鍎垮鍙ュ瓙鐨勫嵃璞★級鐖风埛璇达細鈥樿繖鍧楁枡瀛愯繕鑳藉鍋氣�︹�︹�欌��
+ </p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀锛氣�滄湁鍔炴硶鐨勫皬鏈嬪弸蹇兂涓�鎯筹紝鑳藉鍋氫粈涔堬紵鈥�</p>
+ <p>
+ 缁х画璁叉晠浜嬶紝鏁欏笀锛氣�滀竴浠跺濡欑殑澶栧銆傗�濇暀甯堝睍绀虹粰骞煎効钃濊壊鏄熺┖绾告暀鍏枫�傦紙鏄熺┖绾搁�夋潗涓虹幆琛拰绾︾憻澶栧鐨勫浘妗堬紝姝ゅ鏁欏笀鏃犻』璇█璁茶В锛屽辜鍎跨湅鍚庤嚜鐒舵儕鍠溿�傦級
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀绀鸿寖鐢ㄥ绉扮殑鏂规硶鎶婃墜宸ョ焊鍓垚涓�浠跺濂椼�傚彛璇�涓猴細闀挎柟褰㈢殑鐭竟瀹屽叏瀵规姌锛屽乏鎵嬫姄浣忔墦涓嶅紑鐨勪竴杈癸紙鍙虫墜缈诲姩鑳芥墦寮�鐨勪竴鏉¤竟锛屽府鍔╁辜鍎胯蹇嗗鎶樻柟娉曪級鍓。鏈嶏紝鐣欒瀛愶紝鍘婚瀛愶紝鍓帀鐨勭焊鏀捐繘灏忕洏瀛愩�傦紙鏁欏笀鍒绘剰鎷夐暱鐣欏瓧锛岀洰鐨勬槸鎻愮ず骞煎効涓嶈兘涓�涓嬪壀鍒板簳銆傚幓棰嗗瓙鐜妭鏄湪涓嶈兘鎵撳紑鐨勪竴鏉¤竟澶勫壀鎺変竴涓皬涓夎褰€�傦級
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効灏濊瘯鍓濂楋細鍓濂楃幆鑺傦紝鏈夌殑骞煎効閫熷害蹇紝鏈夌殑骞煎効閫熷害鎱紝鏁欏笀瑕佹湁鍩瑰吇骞煎効鍚堜綔鐨勬剰璇嗭紝璇烽�熷害蹇殑骞煎効鍘诲府鍔╅�熷害鎱㈢殑骞煎効瀹屾垚浠诲姟銆傛澶勯伩鍏嶅辜鍎挎嫋娌撹涓虹殑鏈夋晥璇█涓猴細鈥滃ぇ鐝殑灏忔湅鍙嬮�熷害灏辨槸蹇�傗�濅釜鍒辜鍎挎病鏈夊畬鎴愪换鍔★紝鏁欏笀涓嶇瓑寰咃紝涔熶笉鍌績銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>4.澶栧鍙樿儗蹇�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀鎾斁PPT銆婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬬户缁鏁呬簨鈥斺�斺�滅害鐟熺┛涓婅繖浠跺濡欑殑澶栧锛屽紑蹇冨湴璺戝嚭鍘荤帺浜嗐�備笉杩囷紝绾︾憻娓愭笎闀垮ぇ锛屽濡欑殑澶栧涔熷彉寰楄�佹棫浜嗐�傛湁涓�澶╋紝濡堝瀵逛粬璇达細鈥樼害鐟燂紝鐪嬬湅浣犵殑澶栧锛岀缉姘翠簡锛屽彉灏忎簡锛屼竴鐐瑰効涔熶笉鍚堣韩锛岀湡璇ユ妸瀹冧涪浜嗭紒鈥欌��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀闂細鈥滅害鐟熸効鎰忎涪鎺夊濂楀悧锛熲�濓紙涓嶆効鎰忥級鈥滄�庝箞鎵嶈兘涓嶈濡堝鎶婂濂椾涪鎺夊憿锛熲�濓紙鐖风埛涓�瀹氭湁鍔炴硶锛�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀缁х画璁叉晠浜嬧�斺�斺�滅害鐟熻锛氣�樼埛鐖蜂竴瀹�<span class="u">鏈夊姙娉曪紒</span
+ >鈥欙紙鑰佸笀璇村嚭鐖风埛涓�瀹氾紝璁╁辜鍎挎帴鍑轰笅鍗婂彞锛夌埛鐖锋嬁璧锋瀛愶紝<span
+ class="u"
+ >缈昏繃鏉�</span
+ >锛屽張<span class="u">缈昏繃鍘�</span>銆傚棷锛岀埛鐖锋嬁璧峰壀鍒�寮�濮嬪挴鍚便��<span
+ class="u"
+ >鍜惐</span
+ >鍦板壀锛屽啀鐢ㄩ拡椋炲揩鍦扮紳杩涖�佺紳鍑猴紝<span class="u">缂濊繘銆佺紳鍑�</span
+ >銆傦紙鍒掔嚎鍙ュ瓙璁╁辜鍎胯窡鐫�璇达級鐖风埛璇达細鈥樿繖鍧楁枡瀛愯繕澶熷仛鈥︹�︹�欌��
+ </p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀锛氣�滄湁鍔炴硶鐨勫皬鏈嬪弸蹇兂涓�鎯筹紝澶熷仛浠�涔堬紵鈥�</p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="190">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(190) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">183</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>鏁欏笀涓�杈规挱鏀綪PT銆婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬩竴杈硅锛氣�滀竴浠跺濡欑殑鑳屽績銆傗��</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滆儗蹇冨拰澶栧鏈変粈涔堝尯鍒紵锛堣儗蹇冩病鏈夎瀛愶紝澶栧鏈夎瀛愶級鎬庢牱鎵嶈兘鎶婂濂楀彉鎴愯儗蹇冿紵蹇幓璇曚竴璇曞惂锛佲�濇鐜妭鏁欏笀涓嶇ず鑼冿紝骞煎効灏濊瘯鎶婂濂楀壀鎴愯儗蹇冦��
+ </p>
+ <p>5.鑳屽績鍙橀甯�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀涓�杈规挱鏀綪PT銆婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬩竴杈硅鏁呬簨鈥斺�斺�滅害鐟熺┛鐫�杩欎欢濂囧鐨勮儗蹇冨幓涓婂銆備笉杩囷紝绾︾憻娓愭笎闀垮ぇ浜嗭紝濂囧鐨勮儗蹇冧篃鍙樺緱鑰佹棫浜嗐�傛湁涓�澶╋紝濡堝瀵逛粬璇达細鈥樼害鐟燂紝鐪嬬湅浣犵殑鑳屽績锛佷笂闈㈡簿浜嗚兌锛屽張绮樼潃棰滄枡锛岀湡璇ユ妸瀹冧涪浜嗭紒鈥欌��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀闂細鈥滅害鐟熸効鎰忎涪鎺夎儗蹇冨悧锛熲�濓紙涓嶆効鎰忥級鈥滄�庝箞鎵嶈兘涓嶈濡堝鎶婅儗蹇冧涪鎺夊憿锛熲�濓紙鐖风埛涓�瀹氭湁鍔炴硶锛�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀缁х画璁叉晠浜嬧�斺�斺�滅害鐟熻锛氣��<span class="u">鐖风埛涓�瀹氭湁鍔炴硶</span
+ >锛佲�欑埛鐖锋嬁璧蜂簡鑳屽績锛�<span class="u">缈昏繃鏉�</span>锛屽張<span class="u"
+ >缈昏繃鍘�</span
+ >銆傚棷锛岀埛鐖锋嬁璧峰壀鍒�寮�濮�<span class="u">鍜惐銆佸挴鍚�</span
+ >鍦板壀锛屽啀鐢ㄩ拡椋炲揩鍦�<span class="u">缂濊繘銆佺紳鍑猴紝缂濊繘銆佺紳鍑�</span
+ >銆傦紙鐢荤嚎鍙ュ瓙璁╁辜鍎胯窡鐫�璇达級鐖风埛璇达細鈥樿繖鍧楁枡瀛愯繕澶熷仛鈥︹�︹�欌��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滄湁鍔炴硶鐨勫皬鏈嬪弸蹇幓璇曚竴璇曪紝浣犵殑鈥樿儗蹇冣�欒兘鍋氫粈涔堬紵鈥濓紙姝ゅ灞炰簬骞煎効鑳�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="191">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(191) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">184</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鍔涙彁鍗囩幆鑺傦紝杩欎釜闂瑕佽鎵�鏈夊辜鍎块兘鍥炵瓟涓�娆°�傚鏋滆兘鍔涘急鐨勫辜鍎挎病鏈夎嚜宸辩殑鎯虫硶锛屾暀甯堣拷闂�斺�斾綘鍚屾剰璋佺殑鍔炴硶锛熷辜鍎垮洖绛斿畬锛屾暀甯堝強鏃堕紦鍔扁�斺�斾綘鐪熸槸涓�涓湁鍔炴硶鐨勫瀛愶紒锛�
+ </p>
+ <p>鑳藉姏鎻愬崌</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滄湁鍔炴硶鐨勫瀛愶紝蹇幓鎿嶄綔妗屾梺杈硅瘯涓�璇曞惂锛佲�濆辜鍎胯嚜琛屽皾璇曡儗蹇冨彲浠ュ壀鎴愪粈涔堬紝鏁欏笀鎶婂辜鍎跨殑鍒涙剰浣滃搧鍦ㄧЩ鍔ㄩ粦鏉夸笂杩涜灞曠ず锛屽苟闂瀛愶細鈥滀綘鎶婅儗蹇冨壀鎴愪簡浠�涔堬紵鈥�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀缁х画璁叉晠浜嬧�斺�斺�滀竴鏉″濡欑殑棰嗗甫锛屾瘡涓槦鏈熶簲锛岀害鐟熼兘鎴寸潃杩欐潯濂囧鐨勯甯﹀幓鐖风埛濂跺ザ瀹躲�備笉杩囷紝绾︾憻娓愭笎闀垮ぇ浜嗭紝濂囧鐨勯甯︿篃鍙樺緱鑰佹棫浜嗐�傛湁涓�澶╋紝濡堝瀵逛粬璇达細鈥樼害鐟熺湅鐪嬩綘鐨勯甯︼紒娌惧埌姹わ紝鑴忎簡涓�澶у潡锛屽紕寰楀畠閮藉彉褰簡锛岀湡璇ユ妸瀹冧涪浜嗭紒鈥欌�濓紙閲嶅鎬ц瑷�锛屾暀甯堜笉璇达紝棰勭暀鏃堕棿璁╁辜鍎胯鏁呬簨锛�
+ </p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀锛氫笉鎰挎剰涓㈤甯︾殑绾︾憻浼氳浠�涔堝憿锛燂紙鐖风埛涓�瀹氭湁鍔炴硶锛�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滅埛鐖锋嬁璧蜂簡棰嗗甫锛�<span class="u">缈昏繃鏉ワ紝鍙堢炕杩囧幓</span
+ >銆傚棷锛岀埛鐖锋嬁璧峰壀鍒�寮�濮�<span class="u">鍜惐銆佸挴鍚卞湴</span
+ >鍓紝鍐嶇敤閽堥蹇湴<span class="u">缂濊繘銆佺紳鍑猴紝缂濊繘銆佺紳鍑�</span
+ >銆傦紙鐢荤嚎鍙ュ瓙璁╁辜鍎胯窡鐫�璇达級鐖风埛璇达細鈥樿繖鍧楁枡瀛愯繕澶熷仛鈥︹�︹�欌��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀鍑虹ずPPT锛岃灏忔湅鍙嬫壘涓�鎵撅細鈥滅害鐟熻韩涓婁粈涔堜笢瑗挎槸棰嗗甫鍋氭垚鐨勶紵鈥濓紙绾︾憻瑁ゅ瓙鑳屽甫涓婄殑绾芥墸锛�
+ </p>
+ <p>6.棰嗗甫鍙樼航鎵�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀涓�杈规挱鏀綪PT涓�杈硅锛氣�滀竴棰楀濡欑殑绾芥墸锛岀害鐟熸妸杩欓濂囧鐨勭航鎵ｈ鍦ㄤ粬鐨勮儗甯︿笂锛岃繖鏍疯￥瀛愬氨涓嶄細婊戜笅鏉ヤ簡銆傛湁涓�澶╋紝濡堝瀵逛粬璇达細鈥樼害鐟燂紝浣犵殑绾芥墸鍛紵鈥欑害鐟熶竴鐪嬶紝绾芥墸涓嶈浜嗭紒浠栨壘閬嶄簡鎵�鏈夌殑鍦版柟锛屽氨鏄壘涓嶅埌绾芥墸銆傜害鐟熻窇鍒扮埛鐖峰銆傜害鐟熷毞鐫�锛氣�樻垜鐨勭航鎵ｏ紝鎴戠殑濂囧绾芥墸涓嶈浜嗭紒鈥欎粬鐨勫濡堣窡鐫�璺戞潵锛岃锛氣�樼害鐟燂紒鍚垜璇淬�傞偅棰楃航鎵ｆ病鏈変簡锛屼笉鍦ㄤ簡锛屾秷澶变簡銆傚嵆浣挎槸鐖风埛涔熸病鏈夊姙娉曟棤涓敓鏈夊憖锛佲�欑埛鐖烽毦杩囧湴鎽囨憞澶磋锛氣�樼害鐟熷晩锛屼綘濡堝璇寸殑娌￠敊銆傗�欌��
+ </p>
+ <p>7.寮曞骞煎効瑙傚療鍥剧敾缁嗚妭锛屾劅鍙楀浘鐢讳功鐨勫浘涓湁鍥剧殑鎯婂枩</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滃皬鏈嬪弸蹇湅锛屽湴鏉夸笂鍏夌潃鑴氱殑灏忓鍦ㄥ共浠�涔堝憿锛熲�濓紙鎶婂▋濞冨垎浜粰浼ゅ績鐨勫摜鍝ワ級鏁欏笀锛氣�滆繖涓皬瀛╂槸璋侊紵鈥濓紙灏忓濡癸級鏁欏笀锛氣�滃皬濡瑰浠庡摢鏉ョ殑锛熲�濆辜鍎垮洖绛斿畬姣曪紝鏁欏笀锛氣�滀綘鐪嬪埌浜嗗悧锛熻皝閮戒笉鑳芥棤涓敓鏈夊晩锛佲�濇暀甯堣灏忔湅鍙嬭瀵烶PT涓濡堟��瀛曞拰灏忓濡瑰嚭鐢熺殑鍥剧墖銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>8.鎰熷彈鐖风埛鐨勭埍</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滃濡圭殑琛ｆ湇鍚庨潰椋樼潃浠�涔堬紵鈥濓紙鐧戒簯姣涙锛夋暀甯堬細鈥滃濡圭殑姣涙鏄皝閫佺粰濂圭殑锛熲�濓紙鐖风埛锛夋暀甯堬細鈥滅埛鐖风埍绾︾憻涔熺埍绾︾憻鐨勫濡癸紝浠栭�佺粰涓や釜瀛╁瓙姣忎汉涓�鍧楁瘺姣�傗��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀缁х画璁叉晠浜嬶細鈥滅害鐟熷幓涓婂锛屽棷锛佺害鐟熸嬁璧风瑪鏉ワ紝鍦ㄧ焊涓婂敯鍞板敯鍦板啓锛屼粬璇达細鈥樿繖浜涙潗鏂欒繕澶熲�︹�︹�欌��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀闂細鈥滆繕澶熷仛浠�涔堝憿锛熲�濇暀甯堬細鈥滃啓鎴愪竴涓濡欑殑鏁呬簨锛屾晠浜嬪彨銆婄埛鐖�<span
+ class="u"
+ >涓�瀹氭湁鍔炴硶</span
+ >銆嬨�傗�濓紙鐢荤嚎閮ㄥ垎璇峰瀛愯锛�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="192">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(192) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">185</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>9.鎰熷彈鍥剧敾涔︿腑鐢婚潰钘忓浘鐨勯瓍鍔�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滃埌浜嗗悗鐜‖锛岃�佸笀鐨勬晠浜嬪氨瑕佽瀹屼簡锛岃灏忔湅鍙嬩滑鎯充竴鎯充綘鍓帀鐨勭焊鍦ㄥ摢锛熲�濓紙鐩樺瓙閲岋級鏁欏笀锛氣�滅埛鐖峰壀琛ｆ湇鏃讹紝鍓帀鐨勫竷鍝幓浜嗭紵鈥�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀鎾斁骞荤伅鐗囥�婅�侀紶涓�瀹躲�嬶紙绾︾憻瀹剁殑鍦版澘涓嬭繕浣忕潃鑰侀紶涓�瀹讹紝鐖风埛鍓笅鐨勫竷琚�侀紶瀹跺仛鎴愪簡琛ｆ湇銆佸洿宸俱�佺獥甯樸�佸簥鍗曪級銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滅害鐟熶涪澶辩殑鎵ｅ瓙鍒板簳鍝幓浜嗗憿锛熲�濆辜鍎垮洖绛斿悗锛屾暀甯堢户缁挱鏀綪PT銆婃墸瀛愮殑鍘诲銆嬮〉锛屾暀甯堬細鈥滃憖锛佸師鏉ョ害鐟熺殑鎵ｅ瓙琚�侀紶鎹¤蛋浜嗐�傗��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滆繖鏄皝搴曪紝瀹冨拰灏侀潰鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ竴鏍锋槸鐢ㄦ潵淇濇姢杩欐湰涔︾殑锛屽皬鏈嬪弸瑕佸儚鐖辨姢灏忚劯涓�鏍风埍鎶ゅ畠銆傝繖鏄潯褰㈢爜锛屽畾浠访椕楀厓锛岃阿璋㈠皬鏈嬪弸锛岄棲鑰佸笀鐨勬晠浜嬭瀹屼簡銆傗��
+ </p>
+
+ <p><b>娲诲姩寤朵几锛�</b></p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�1锛夈�婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬪強鏃舵姇鏀惧埌鍥句功鍖猴紝鏈夊叴瓒ｇ殑瀛╁瓙鍙互杩涗竴姝ユ劅鐭ヤ功鐨勫唴瀹广��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�2锛夋湰娲诲姩鐨勫壀澶栧鐜妭涓紝闀挎柟褰㈢焊瀹屽叏瀵规姌涓�娆★紝鍛堢幇骞抽潰澶栧銆傚鏋滃畬鍏ㄥ鎶樹袱娆★紝灏卞彲浠ュ憟鐜板嚭绔嬩綋澶栧銆�
+ </p>
+ <div class="videoBox">
+ <div class="videoItem">
+ <video
+ :src="videoUrl.v70"
+ webkit-playsinline="true"
+ x-webkit-airplay="true"
+ playsinline="true"
+ x5-video-orientation="h5"
+ x5-video-player-fullscreen="true"
+ x5-playsinline=""
+ controls
+ class="video-border w100"
+ ></video>
+ <div class="vname">{{ videoMd5.v70.name }}</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p class="left"><span class="bj2">娲诲姩妗堜緥7-3</span></p>
+ <div class="tp">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-5" alt="" src="../../images/tb.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p class="center">
+ <b
+ >鏇蹭护璧忔瀽銆婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬� 绉嬫�濄�嬶紙澶х彮锛�<a id="w16"></a
+ ><a href="chapter007.html#m16"><sup>[16]</sup></a></b
+ >
+ </p>
+ <p><b>浣滃搧鍒嗘瀽锛�</b></p>
+ <p>
+ 銆婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濄�嬫槸鍏冩洸浣滃椹嚧杩滃垱浣滅殑鏁ｆ洸灏忎护銆傚崄涓�绉嶆櫙鐗╁苟缃紝缁勫悎鎴愪竴骞呯閮婂鐓у浘銆傚墠涓夊彞鐢卞悕璇嶆�ц瘝缁勬瀯鎴愶紝涓�鍏卞垪鍑轰節绉嶆櫙鐗┿�傜鍥涖�佺浜斿彞鍊熸櫙鎶掑彂浜嗛┈鑷磋繙鍦ㄧ澶╂�濆康鏁呬埂銆佸�︿簬婕傛硦鐨勫噭鑻︿箣鎯呫�傝鍚庝汉瑾変负绉嬫�濅箣绁栥�傝瘲鍗虫槸鐢伙紝鐢诲嵆鏄瘲锛屾牴鎹辜鍎垮浘鐢昏蹇嗙殑鐗圭偣锛屾媶瑙ｃ�婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濄�嬪畬鎴愬姩鎬佺敾闈紝閰嶄互浼樼編鐨勬湕璇碉紝閫氳繃骞煎効鍚�佺湅锛屼妇涓�鍙嶄笁鍒╃敤璇楅厤鐢汇�佺敾閰嶈瘲鐨勬墜娈靛畬鎴愭洸浠よ祻鏋愭椿鍔ㄣ��
+ </p>
+ <p><b>娲诲姩鐩爣锛�</b></p>
+ <p>
+ 锛�1锛変簡瑙ｃ�婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬� 绉嬫�濄�嬬殑鍒涗綔鑳屾櫙锛岄�氳繃鍥剧敾涔︽劅鐭ユ洸浠ゃ�婂ぉ鍑�娌� 路
+ 绉嬫�濄�嬬殑鍐呭銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夌敾鍥惧～鍏呫�婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濄�嬪辜鍎垮皬涔︿腑缂哄皯鐨勫浘鐢诲厓绱犮��</p>
+ <p>锛�3锛変簡瑙ｅ浘涔︾殑缁撴瀯锛屽煿鍏诲辜鍎垮鍙ゅ吀鏇蹭护鐨勫叴瓒ｃ��</p>
+ <p><b>娲诲姩鍑嗗锛�</b></p>
+ <p>
+ 銆婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬� 绉嬫�濄�婸PT锛岃嚜鍒跺浘涔︺�婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬�
+ 绉嬫�濄�嬪辜鍎挎瘡浜轰竴鍐岋紙鏁欏笀鐢ㄤ功涓篈3銆丄4绾告墦鍗般�婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬�
+ 绉嬫�濄�婸PT鍥剧墖鍐呭锛屽辜鍎垮皬涔︿负A4銆丄5绾告墦鍗般�婂ぉ鍑�
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m16"></a><a href="chapter007.html#w16">[16]</a>
+ 娲诲姩璁捐銆佹巿璇炬暀甯堬細娌冲寳鐪佹壙寰峰競绗竴骞煎効鍥棲鏅撲紵銆�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="193">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(193) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">186</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 娌櫬� 绉嬫�濄�� PPT鍥剧墖鍐呭锛夛紝鏁欏笀閰嶉煶銆婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬�
+ 绉嬫�濄�嬶紙瀹屾暣鐗堝拰鍒嗘鍓緫鐗堟彃鍏PT锛夛紝鍙ょ惔鏇层�婃笖鑸熷敱鏅氥�嬶紝姘村僵绗斻��
+ </p>
+ <p><b>娲诲姩杩囩▼锛�</b></p>
+ <p>1.鎯呭瀵煎叆</p>
+ <p>鎾斁PPT褰╀簯涔﹀簵鍥剧墖锛屾暀甯堬細鈥滄杩庡ぇ瀹舵潵鍒板僵浜戝浘涔﹂銆傗��</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滀綘鍘昏繃鍥句功棣嗗悧锛熷浘涔﹂閲屽彲浠ュ共浠�涔堬紵鈥濆辜鍎匡細鈥滆涔︼紝涔颁功锛屽�熶功銆傗�濇暀甯堬細鈥滀粖澶╂垜浠潵鍒板僵浜戝浘涔﹂锛岃涓�鏈�佸笀鍒涗綔鐨勫浘涔︺�傗��
+ </p>
+ <p>2.璁よ瘑鑷埗鍥句功</p>
+ <p>锛�1锛夌湅灏侀潰銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滆繖鏄皝闈紝灏忔湅鍙嬭鍍忕埍鎶ゅ皬鑴镐竴鏍风埍鎶ゅ畠銆傗�濊骞煎効瑙傚療灏侀潰涓婃湁浠�涔堬紵锛堝紩瀵煎辜鍎夸粠宸﹀埌鍙虫湁搴忚瀵熷浘鐗囷級鏁欏笀璇伙細鈥滃ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濓紝鏂囷紝椹嚧杩滐紝鍏冿紝杩欐湰涔︾殑浣滆�呯敓娲诲湪寰堜箙浠ュ墠鐨勫厓鏈濄�備粬灏忔椂鍊欑壒鍒枩娆㈣涔︼紝鍔姏瀛︿範鍚勭鏈锛屾兂褰撲竴涓兘甯姪寰堝浜虹殑澶у畼銆傚彲鎯滀粬鐨勬効鏈涘苟娌℃湁瀹炵幇锛岄┈鑷磋繙涓�鐢熷埌澶勬祦娴紝浠栦簲鍗佸瞾鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍦ㄤ竴涓瘨鍐风殑绉嬪ぉ锛岀湅鐫�澶曢槼钀藉北锛岀壒鍒兂瀹讹紝灏卞啓涓嬩簡銆婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濄��
+ 銆傚浘锛岄棲鏅撲紵锛屼腑鍥藉僵浜戝嚭鐗堢ぞ銆傗��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夌湅鐜‖锛堣澊铦堕〉锛夈��</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀缈诲埌鑷埗涔︾幆琛紝PPT鍥剧墖鎾斁鍒扮幆琛紝鏁欏笀鎵囧姩涔﹂〉锛氣�滆繖鏄澊铦堕〉锛屽畠鍜屼功涓殑鏁呬簨鏈夊叧銆傗�濇暀甯堬細鈥滆澊铦堕〉涓婃湁浠�涔堬紵鈥濓紙瀛楋級鏁欏笀锛氣�滀綘鐭ラ亾杩欎簺瀛楁槸鐢ㄤ粈涔堢瑪鍐欑殑鍚楋紵锛堟瘺绗旓級鎴戜滑鏉ュ惉涓�鍚紝铦磋澏椤典笂鍐欎簡浠�涔堬紵鈥�
+ </p>
+ <p>3.鍚洸浠ゅ唴瀹�</p>
+ <p>锛�1锛夋暣娈靛惉銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀鎾斁PPT鐜‖椤靛浘鐗囦笂鐨勫０闊抽摼鎺ワ紝銆婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濄�嬭璇诲綍闊崇粨鏉熷悗锛屾暀甯堬細鈥滀綘鍚埌浜嗕粈涔堬紵鈥濓紙瀵瑰辜鍎垮洖绛斿嚭鐨勭瓟妗堬紝鏁欏笀鍙仛榧撳姳锛屼笉鍋氬閿欒瘎鍒わ紝鐩殑鏄骞煎効鎰熷彈鏇蹭护鍐呭銆傦級
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夊垎鍙ュ惉銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀鎾斁PPT鐜‖锛堜簩锛夐〉鍥剧墖涓婄殑澹伴煶閾炬帴锛屾暀甯堬細鈥滃皬鏈嬪弸浠惉鍒颁簡寰堝璇嶈锛屽埌搴曟槸浠�涔堝憿锛熻浣犱滑绔栬捣灏忚�虫湹锛岃鐪熷惉锛佲�濇挱鏀锯�滄灟钘よ�佹爲鏄忛甫鈥濆彞璇佃褰曢煶锛屾挱鏀惧畬锛屾暀甯堬細鈥滀綘鍚埌浜嗕粈涔堬紵鈥濅互姝ょ被鎺ㄢ�滃皬妗ユ祦姘翠汉瀹垛�濆彞銆佲�滃彜閬撹タ椋庣槮椹�濆彞锛屾暀甯堝紩瀵煎辜鍎垮畨闈欏�惧惉锛屽噯纭劅鐭ユ洸浠ゅ唴瀹广�傗�滃闃宠タ涓嬶紝鏂偁浜哄湪澶╂动鈥濆叡鏈変袱鍙ワ紝鍚箣鍓嶏紝瑕佹彁閱掑瀛愨�滃惉涓ゅ彞锛屽彲浠ュ悧锛熲�濓紙濡傛灉姝ゅ娌℃湁鏁欏笀寮曞璇紝瀛╁瓙鍚埌鈥滃闃宠タ涓嬧�濆氨浼氳揩涓嶅強寰呭湴琛ㄨ揪銆傦級
+ </p>
+ <p>4.璇楃敾鍚屾洸</p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀涓�杈瑰紩瀵煎辜鍎跨湅PPT涔﹂〉鍥剧敾锛屼竴杈规湕璇垫洸浠ゅ唴瀹广��</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀涓�杈规挱鏀捐浠讹紝涓�杈硅锛氣�滅涓�椤碉紝锛堟暀甯堣椤电爜锛屽紩瀵煎辜鍎夸功椤垫剰璇嗭級鏋棨锛堝共鏋殑钘よ敁锛夆�斺�旇�佹爲鈥斺�旀槒楦︼紙榛勬槒鐨勪箤楦︼級銆傗�濇暀甯堥棶锛氣�滀綘浠寰椾粈涔堟牱鐨勬爲鍙��
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="194">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(194) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">187</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>鏍戯紵鈥濓紙骞撮緞澶х殑鏍戯級</p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀锛氣�滅浜岄〉锛屽皬妗モ�斺�旀祦姘粹�斺�斾汉瀹躲�傗��</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滅涓夐〉锛屽彜閬擄紙鍙ゆ椂鍊欑殑閬撹矾锛夆�斺�旇タ椋庘�斺�旂槮椹紙寰堢槮鐨勪竴鍖归┈锛夈�傗�濃�滃彜鏃跺�欑殑閬撹矾鍜岀幇鍦ㄧ殑椹矾鏈変粈涔堜笉鍚岋紵鈥�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滅鍥涢〉锛屽闃宠タ涓嬧�斺�旀柇鑲犱汉锛堜激蹇冪殑浜猴級鈥斺�斿湪澶╂动锛堝緢杩滅殑鍦版柟锛夈�傗��
+ </p>
+ <p>5.鐢昏瘲鍚屾</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀寮曞骞煎効鐪婸PT銆婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濄�嬪浘鐢伙紝骞煎効灏濊瘯閫氳繃鍥剧墖鎻愮ず璇村嚭鏇蹭护銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滃垰鎵嶅皬鏈嬪弸鐪嬬敾鍚�佸笀璁叉晠浜嬶紝鐜板湪鎴戣鑰冭�冨皬鏈嬪弸锛岃皝鑳界湅鍥剧敾璁叉晠浜嬶紵鈥�
+ </p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀鎾斁PPT鈥滄灟钘よ�佹爲鏄忛甫鈥濋〉锛岄紦鍔卞辜鍎胯鍑哄浘鐗囧搴旂殑璇楀彞銆�</p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀鎾斁PPT鈥滃皬妗ユ祦姘翠汉瀹垛�濋〉锛岄紦鍔卞辜鍎胯鍑哄浘鐗囧搴旂殑璇楀彞銆�</p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀鎾斁PPT鈥滃彜閬撹タ椋庣槮椹�濋〉锛岄紦鍔卞辜鍎胯鍑哄浘鐗囧搴旂殑璇楀彞銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀鎾斁PPT鈥滃闃宠タ涓嬶紝鏂偁浜哄湪澶╂动鈥濋〉锛岄紦鍔卞辜鍎胯鍑哄浘鐗囦笂瀵瑰簲鐨勮瘲鍙ャ��
+ </p>
+ <p>6.鐪嬪悗鐜‖涓庡皝搴�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀鎵囧姩鑷埗涔﹀悗鐜‖锛岃锛氣�滃埌浜嗚澊铦堕〉锛岃繖鏈功灏辫璇诲畬浜嗐�備綘杩樿寰楄繖鏈功鍐欎簡浠�涔堝悧锛熲�濇挱鏀綪PT鐜‖鍥剧墖涓婃彃鍏ョ殑銆婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濄�嬫湕璇靛綍闊筹紝寮曞骞煎効璺熺潃闊抽鏈夋劅鎯呭湴璇佃銆婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濄�嬫洸浠ゃ�傛暀甯堬細鈥滆瀹屼簡杩欐湰涔︼紝浣犳湁浠�涔堟劅鍙楋紵鈥濆辜鍎跨瓟瀹岋紝鏁欏笀杩介棶锛氣�滀负浠�涔堬紵鈥�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滆繖鏄皝搴曪紝瀹冨拰灏侀潰鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ竴鏍凤紝鏄敤鏉ヤ繚鎶よ繖鏈功鐨勶紝灏忔湅鍙嬭鍍忕埍鎶ゅ皬鑴镐竴鏍风埍鎶ゅ畠銆傝繖鏄功鐨勪綔鑰呴┈鑷磋繙锛岃繖鏄簩缁寸爜锛屽畾浠凤紝鍘熷垱鏃犱环銆傗�濓紙鏁欏笀浠嬬粛灏佸簳鐨勭洰鐨勬槸璁╁辜鍎垮厖鍒嗘劅鐭ュ浘涔︾殑缁撴瀯銆傦級
+ </p>
+ <p>7.濉浘璁板綍</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滃僵浜戜功搴楁鍦ㄧ紪杈戣繖鏈功锛屽彧鏈夋垜涓�涓汉鍦ㄤ功搴楀伐浣滐紝浣犱滑鎰挎剰甯姪鎴戝悧锛熲�濃�滀功涓己灏戜竴浜涘浘鐢伙紝灏忔湅鍙嬩竴瀹氳鐪嬫竻妤氬皯浜嗕粈涔堬紝鐢ㄦ瀛愪笂鐨勫僵绗旀妸缂哄皯鐨勫浘鐢昏ˉ鍏ㄣ�傗�濇暀甯堟挱鏀綪PT鍥剧墖锛堜互涓嬪浘鐗囧唴瀹瑰拰骞煎効灏忎功涓�鑷达紝涔﹂〉鍥剧墖涓皯浜嗕竴浜涙櫙鐗╁厓绱犮�傚辜鍎块�氳繃璇楃敾鍚屾洸鍜岀敾璇楀悓姝ヤ袱涓幆鑺傦紝鎰熺煡鏇蹭护鍐呭锛屽湪姝ゅ熀纭�涓婃彁鍗囧辜鍎垮鏇蹭护鐨勫浘鐢荤悊瑙ｏ級銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 灏侀潰锛氭暀甯堣锛氣�滃ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濓紝鏂囷紝椹嚧杩滐紝鍏冩湞锛屽浘锛岄棲鏅撲紵銆傚洜涓哄皬鏈嬪弸瑕佽ˉ鍏呭浘鐢伙紝鎵�浠ヨ鍦ㄦí绾夸笂鍐欎笂鑷繁鐨勫悕瀛楁垨鑰呭鍙枫�備腑鍥藉僵浜戝嚭鐗堢ぞ銆傗��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 铦磋澏椤靛浘鐗囩炕杩囷紝鏁欏笀锛氣�滆澊铦堕〉銆傗�濓紙鏁欏笀鍙粙缁嶈澊铦堕〉锛屼笉鍐嶅仛浠讳綍瑙ｈ锛岀洰鐨勬槸甯︾粰骞煎効涔︾殑缁撴瀯姒傚康銆傦級
+ </p>
+ <p>鈥滅涓�椤靛皯浜嗕粈涔堬紵锛堣棨锛夎棨搴旇鍦ㄥ摢鍎匡紵鈥濓紙缂犲湪鏍戜笂锛�</p>
+ <p>鈥滅浜岄〉灏戜簡浠�涔堬紵锛堟祦姘达級娴佹按搴旇鍦ㄥ摢鍎匡紵鈥濓紙妗ヤ笅锛�</p>
+ <p>鈥滅涓夐〉灏戜簡浠�涔堬紵锛堣タ椋庯級宸﹁タ锛屽彸涓滐紝瑗块瑕佺敾鍦ㄥ乏杈广�傗��</p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="195">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(195) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">188</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>鈥滅鍥涢〉灏戜簡浠�涔堬紵锛堝闃宠タ涓嬶級宸﹁タ锛屽彸涓滐紝澶槼瑕佺敾鍦ㄥ乏杈广�傗��</p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀锛氣�滃埌浜嗚澊铦堕〉锛屼功灏辩敾瀹屼簡銆傗��</p>
+ <p>鏁欏笀锛氣�滆繖鏄皝搴曪紝椹嚧杩滐紝鏉″舰鐮侊紝鍒涙剰鏃犱环銆傗��</p>
+ <p>娲诲姩寤朵几锛堟牴鎹唴瀹瑰～鐢伙級</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀锛氣�滆浣犳惉鐫�灏忔瀛愶紝鍧愬湪妗屽瓙鏃佽竟锛岃鐪熷畬鎴愪换鍔°�傗�濓紙鎾斁PPT褰╀簯涔﹀簵鍥剧墖锛岀偣寮�鎻掑叆鐨勫彜鐞撮煶涔愩�傦級
+ </p>
+ <p>闄勬洸浠わ細銆婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濄�嬶紙鍏冿級 椹嚧杩�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏋棨鑰佹爲鏄忛甫锛屽皬妗ユ祦姘翠汉瀹讹紝鍙ら亾瑗块鐦﹂┈銆傚闃宠タ涓嬶紝鏂偁浜哄湪澶╂动銆�
+ </p>
+ <div class="videoBox">
+ <div class="videoItem">
+ <video
+ :src="videoUrl.v71"
+ webkit-playsinline="true"
+ x-webkit-airplay="true"
+ playsinline="true"
+ x5-video-orientation="h5"
+ x5-video-player-fullscreen="true"
+ x5-playsinline=""
+ controls
+ class="video-border w100"
+ ></video>
+ <div class="vname">{{ videoMd5.v71.name }}</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="bk2">
+ <p class="center"><b>鏈珷灏忕粨</b></p>
+ <p>
+ 鏈珷瀵瑰辜鍎挎棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄨ繘琛屼簡鍏ㄩ潰浠嬬粛銆傚湪鍒嗘瀽鏃╂湡闃呰姒傚康鐨勫熀纭�涓婏紝鏄庣‘浜嗘棭鏈熼槄璇荤殑鐩爣瀹氫綅锛岄槓鏄庝簡鏃╂湡闃呰涓庡辜鍎垮叏闈㈠彂灞曠殑鍏崇郴锛屾緞娓呬簡鍓嶅浘涔﹂槄璇汇�佸墠璇嗗瓧浠ュ強鍓嶄功鍐欐椿鍔ㄥ湪骞煎効鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩涓殑鍒嗗鎶婃彙锛涘噯骞煎効鏁欏笀搴旇浜嗚В鍥剧敾涔︼紙缁樻湰锛夊湪骞煎効鎴愰暱涓殑浠峰�硷紝鑳藉涓哄辜鍎块�夋嫨閫傚悎骞煎効闃呰鐨勪紭绉�鍥剧敾涔︺�傛湰绔犺繕闃愯堪浜嗗綋鍓嶆暀甯堝湪骞煎効鍥棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄤ腑搴旂鎸佺殑绉戝闃呰鐞嗗康锛屼互鍙婅璁′笌缁勭粐鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩鐨勪竴鑸楠ょ瓑锛屽苟闄勮浜嗛槄璇绘椿鍔ㄨ璁℃柟妗堜緵甯堢敓鍙傝�冭璁恒�傛�讳箣锛屾湰绔犵殑瀛︿範涓庢�濊�冿紝鏈熸湜瀵瑰鐢熺郴缁熺悊瑙ｅ拰灏濊瘯瀹炴柦骞煎効鍥棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄦ湁瑁ㄧ泭銆�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <p><span class="zt-1">鍏抽敭鏈</span></p>
+ <div class="tp-8">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-3" alt="" src="../../images/tb-9.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">闃呰</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">鏃╂湡闃呰娲诲姩</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">鍥剧敾涔�</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">澶氬厓闃呰鏁欒偛</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">鍒涙剰闃呰鏁欒偛</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">娓告垙闃呰鏁欒偛</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ <span class="zt-2">鎬�</span><span class="zt-3">鑰�</span
+ ><span class="zt-2">棰�</span>
+ </p>
+ <div class="tp-9">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-6" alt="" src="../../images/tb-10.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ 1.浣犳槸濡備綍鐞嗚В骞煎効鏃╂湡闃呰鐨勨�滄棭鈥濈殑锛熶綘璁や负骞煎効浠庝粈涔堟椂鍊欏氨鍙互鈥滈槄璇烩�濅簡锛熷鏋滀綘鏄辜鍎跨殑甯堥暱锛屼綘閫氳繃鍝簺鏂瑰紡鑳戒娇骞煎効鐖变笂闃呰鍛紵
+ </p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p>2.浣犺涓轰紭绉�鍥剧敾涔︾殑鏍囧噯鏈夊摢浜涘憿锛�</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="196">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(196) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗竷绔� 骞煎効鏃╄捣闃呰娲诲姩</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">189</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 3.浣犺涓哄湪骞煎効鐨勪笉鍚屽勾榫勬鎬庢牱鍋氭墠鏈夊姪浜庡辜鍎胯嚜涓婚槄璇昏兘鍔涚殑鍩瑰吇锛�
+ </p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ 4.璋堣皥浣犲骞煎効闃舵寮�灞曞墠鍥句功闃呰娲诲姩銆佸墠璇嗗瓧娲诲姩涓庡墠涔﹀啓娲诲姩鐨勮璇嗭紝鎬庢牱閬垮厤灏嗏�滄棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄢ�濇紨鍙樻垚鈥滃辜鍎胯瘑瀛楁椿鍔ㄢ�濓紵
+ </p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="left"><span class="bj4">瀹炶缁冧範</span></p>
+ <p>
+ 1.璋冩煡鏈湴鍑犳墍骞煎効鍥辜鍎跨殑闃呰鑳藉姏锛屽垎鏋愬奖鍝嶅辜鍎块槄璇昏兘鍔涚殑鍙兘鍘熷洜锛屾挵鍐欒皟鏌ユ姤鍛婏紝骞剁粰鍑轰綘鐨勫缓璁��
+ </p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ 2.閫夋嫨涓�鏈�傚悎鏌愬勾榫勭彮骞煎効鐨勫浘鐢讳功锛岃璁′竴浠藉浘涔﹂槄璇绘椿鍔ㄦ柟妗堬紝骞跺湪鍚屽涓ā鎷熷疄鏂芥垨鍦ㄥ疄涔犲辜鍎垮洯灏濊瘯缁勭粐寮�灞曘�備笌甯堢敓浜ゆ祦浣犵殑鏀惰幏鍜屽洶鎯戙��
+ </p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="left1">
+ <span class="zt-3">鎷�</span><span class="zt-2">灞�</span
+ ><span class="zt-3">闃�</span><span class="zt-2">璇�</span>
+ </p>
+ <div class="tp-10">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-6" alt="" src="image/tb-11.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p>鍛ㄥ參.鏃╂湡闃呰鍙戝睍涓庢暀鑲茬爺绌禰M].鍖椾含锛氭暀鑲茬瀛﹀嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2007.</p>
+ <p>
+ 璇ヤ功鏄繎骞存潵鏈夊叧鏃╂湡闃呰鍙戝睍鍜屾棭鏈熼槄璇绘暀鑲茬爺绌舵垚鏋滅殑闆嗕腑鍛堢幇銆備綔鑰呭湪骞挎硾鍚告敹鍥介檯鏃╂湡闃呰鏁欒偛鐞嗚涓庡疄璺电殑鏈�鏂颁俊鎭殑鍩虹涓婏紝鍒嗘瀽浜嗘垜鍥芥棭鏈熼槄璇绘暀鑲茬幇鐘讹紝骞剁敤娴呮樉鐨勮瑷�浠嬬粛浜嗘湁鍏虫棭鏈熼槄璇诲彂灞曚笌鏁欒偛鐨勭悊璁猴紝鍙堥噸鐐归槓杩颁簡濡備綍灏嗙悊璁哄簲鐢ㄤ簬瀹炶返锛屽鏃╂湡闃呰鏁欒偛鐨勭洰鏍囥�佸浘鐢讳功璇█銆佹棭鏈熼槄璇绘寚瀵肩瓥鐣ャ�佷翰瀛愰槄璇绘椿鍔ㄤ腑鐨勮瑷�杩愮敤銆侀槄璇诲洶闅剧殑鏃╂湡鍙戠幇涓庨闃层�佹棭鏈熼槄璇绘暀鑲茬殑鏁欏笀鍩瑰吇绛夈��
+ </p>
+ <p class="left"><span class="zt-ls">銆愭嫇灞曡棰戞渚嬨��</span></p>
+ <div class="videoBox">
+ <div class="videoItem">
+ <video
+ :src="videoUrl.v72"
+ webkit-playsinline="true"
+ x-webkit-airplay="true"
+ playsinline="true"
+ x5-video-orientation="h5"
+ x5-video-player-fullscreen="true"
+ x5-playsinline=""
+ controls
+ class="video-border w100"
+ ></video>
+ <div class="vname">{{ videoMd5.v72.name }}</div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="videoItem">
+ <video
+ :src="videoUrl.v73"
+ webkit-playsinline="true"
+ x-webkit-airplay="true"
+ playsinline="true"
+ x5-video-orientation="h5"
+ x5-video-player-fullscreen="true"
+ x5-playsinline=""
+ controls
+ class="video-border w100"
+ ></video>
+ <div class="vname">{{ videoMd5.v73.name }}</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</template>
+
+<script>
+import { getResourcePath } from "@/assets/methods/resources";
+export default {
+ name: "chapter004",
+ props: {
+ showPageList: {
+ type: Array,
+ },
+ resourceList: {
+ type: Object,
+ },
+ },
+ data() {
+ return {
+ chapter004: {},
+ videoUrl: {},
+ videoMd5: {
+ v70: {
+ md5: this.resourceList[43],
+ name: "澶х彮璇█璇惧爞瀹炲綍锛氥�婄埛鐖蜂竴瀹氭湁鍔炴硶銆嬭妭閫�",
+ },
+ v71: {
+ md5: this.resourceList[44],
+ name: "澶х彮璇█璇惧爞瀹炲綍锛氥�婂ぉ鍑�娌櫬风鎬濄�嬭妭閫�",
+ },
+ v72: {
+ md5: this.resourceList[45],
+ name: "涓彮璇█娲诲姩锛氱寽鐚滄垜鏈夊鐖变綘",
+ },
+ v73: {
+ md5: this.resourceList[46],
+ name: "灏忕彮璇█娲诲姩锛氬ソ楗跨殑灏忚泧",
+ },
+ },
+ showAnswer3: false,
+ showAnswer2: false,
+ showAnswer1: false,
+ };
+ },
+ methods: {
+ async getVideo(md5, val) {
+ const data = await getResourcePath(md5);
+ this.videoUrl[val] = data;
+ },
+ setBookQuestion() {
+ this.$emit("setBookQuestion", this.chapter004);
+ },
+ },
+ mounted() {
+ for (let key in this.videoMd5) {
+ this.getVideo(this.videoMd5[key].md5, key);
+ }
+ console.log(this.videoUrl);
+ },
+};
+</script>
--
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