From a8c5f6a63cc81abd835ad37270d0929e6dc8fab0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhongshujie <2862698242@qq.com>
Date: 星期三, 30 七月 2025 10:21:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Merge branch 'master' of http://182.92.203.7:2001/r/testbookLayout
---
src/books/kindergartenLanguageActivity/view/components/chapter002.vue | 1551 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 files changed, 1,551 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/books/kindergartenLanguageActivity/view/components/chapter002.vue b/src/books/kindergartenLanguageActivity/view/components/chapter002.vue
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@@ -0,0 +1,1551 @@
+<template>
+ <div class="chapter" num="3">
+ <div class="page-box" page="24">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(24) > -1">
+ <div class="bodystyle" style="padding-top: 560px">
+ <h1 id="a010">
+ <img class="img-0 coverImg" alt="" src="../../images/z2.jpg" />
+ </h1>
+ <h6>瀛︿範鐩爣鈻�</h6>
+ <p>1.浜嗚В鍚勭悊璁烘祦娲惧叧浜庡効绔ヨ瑷�鑾峰緱涓庡彂灞曠殑鍩烘湰瑙傜偣銆�</p>
+ <p>2.棰嗕細褰卞搷瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鐨勪富瑕佸洜绱犮��</p>
+ <p>
+ 3.鎺屾彙涓嶅悓骞撮緞闃舵鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鐗圭偣锛屽苟鑳藉鏍规嵁瀹為檯涓哄辜鍎胯瑷�鏁欒偛娲诲姩鎻愬嚭寤鸿銆�
+ </p>
+ <h6>瀛︿範瀵煎浘鈻�</h6>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img class="img-b" alt="" src="../../images/0036-1.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <h6>瀵煎叆妗堜緥鈻�</h6>
+ <p>
+ 鎹嫳鍥姐�婃瘡鏃ラ偖鎶ャ��2008骞�3鏈�3鏃ユ姤閬擄紝鏈�杩戝湪淇勭綏鏂彂鐜颁竴浣嶁�滄瘺鍏嬪埄鐥団�濓紙Mowgli
+ syndrome锛夋偅鑰咃紝鍦ㄥ綋鍦板崼鐢熶繚鍋ヤ汉鍛樼殑钀ユ晳涓嬶紝杩欎綅7宀佺殑鐢峰鎴愬姛鑴辩鍏舵瘝浜茬殑铏愬緟銆備粬鐨勬瘝浜蹭竴鐩村皢浠栧拰涓�缇ら笩绫诲叧鍦ㄤ竴璧烽ゲ鍏伙紝杩欎釜鐢峰琚叧鍦ㄦ湁涓ら棿鍗у鐨勬埧瀛愪腑锛岄偅閲岀湅涓婂幓鏇村儚涓�闂村ぇ鍨嬮笩绫婚ゲ鍏诲満銆傝鑰呴噰璁垮叾涓竴浣嶈惀鏁戜汉鍛樻椂锛屽ス璇达細鈥滅敺瀛╃殑31宀佹瘝浜插氨鍍忓杺鍏婚笩鍎夸竴鏍峰杺鍏诲効瀛愶紝铏界劧濂逛粠涓嶆墦楠傚効瀛愶紝鐢峰韬笂娌℃湁浠讳綍鍙椾激杩硅薄锛屼絾鏄ス浠庢湭涓庡彲鎬滅殑鐢峰璇磋繃璇濓紝鑰屼粬鍙兘涓庢湞澶曠浉浼寸殑楦熷効娌熼�氾紝浠栦細鍙藉徑鍠冲柍鍦板彨锛屽綋浜轰滑鍚笉鎳備粬璇磋瘽鏃讹紝蹇冩�ョ殑鐢峰渚夸細
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="page-box" page="25">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(25) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">017</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鍍忛笩鍎夸竴鏍锋尌鍔ㄧ潃鑷繁鐨勬墜鑷傘�傗��<a id="w1"></a
+ ><a href="chapter002.html#m1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 姣棤鐤戦棶锛屾渚嬩腑鐨勫効绔ユ槸浜猴紝鍏锋湁浜虹被璇█鐨勯仐浼犲熀纭�銆備絾浠栦负浠�涔堝彧浼氬徑鍙藉柍鍠冲湴鍙紝鐫�鎬ユ椂涔熷彧浼氭尌鍔ㄦ墜鑷傦紵鏄粈涔堥檺鍒跺叾璇█鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曪紵璇█鍙戝睍鍒板簳鏄厛澶╅仐浼犲喅瀹氾紝杩樻槸鍚庡ぉ鐜褰卞搷鐨勶紵鍝簺鍥犵礌褰卞搷鍎跨璇█鐨勫彂灞曪紵涓轰簡璁╁効绔ユ洿濂藉湴鎺屾彙璇█锛屾暀甯堜笌瀹堕暱闇�瑕佹敞鎰忓摢浜涢棶棰橈紵鏈珷鍐呭鏄杩欎簺闂鐨勫叿浣撳洖绛斻��
+ </p>
+ <h2 id="b003">绗竴鑺傘��瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鐨勭浉鍏崇悊璁�</h2>
+ <p>
+ 浜虹被璇█鍙戝睍鏄厛澶╁喅瀹氳繕鏄悗澶╁奖鍝嶇殑闂宸叉垚涓鸿繎30骞存潵璇█瀛﹀鍜屽績鐞嗗瀹舵墍浜夎鐨勬牳蹇冮棶棰樹箣涓�銆備簤璁虹殑鐒︾偣鏈夛細璇█鏄厛澶╁舰鎴愮殑锛岃繕鏄悗澶╀範寰楃殑锛涙槸琚姩瀛︿範鐨勶紝杩樻槸涓诲姩鍒涢�犵殑锛涜瑷�涓庤鐭ョ殑鍏崇郴绛夈�備笉鍚岀殑瀛﹁�呭璇█鍙戝睍鏈変笉鍚岀殑瑙ｉ噴锛屽舰鎴愪簡鍑犵涓昏鐨勮瑷�鍙戝睍鐞嗚銆�
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c005">涓�銆佺幆澧冭</h3>
+ <p>
+ 鐜璁哄張绉板悗澶╀範寰楄鎴栫粡楠岃锛屾鐞嗚娴佹淳鐨勭悊璁哄熀纭�鏄反鐢礇澶殑鏉′欢鍙嶅皠鍜屼袱绉嶄俊鍙风郴缁熷璇村強鍗庣敓鐨勮涓轰富涔夊璇达紝鍦ㄥ効绔ヨ瑷�鍙戝睍鐨勯棶棰樹笂鏇村己璋冨悗澶╃幆澧冪殑鍥犵礌锛屼粬浠涓哄効绔ヨ瑷�鐨勫涔犲氨鏄湪鍚庡ぉ鐜涓�氳繃瀛︿範鑾峰緱璇█涔犳儻锛岃�岃瑷�涔犳儻鐨勮幏寰楁槸涓�绯诲垪鈥滃埡婵�鈥斿弽搴旓紙Stimulus-Response锛孲-R锛夆�濈殑缁撴灉銆傛牴鎹晶閲嶇偣涓嶅悓锛岃鐞嗚鍙堝彲鍒嗕负妯′豢璇淬�佸己鍖栬鍜屼腑浠嬭涓変釜鍏蜂綋瀛﹁銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d013">锛堜竴锛夋ā浠胯</h4>
+ <p>
+ 妯′豢璇翠富瑕佸己璋冨効绔ラ�氳繃瀵规垚浜鸿瑷�鐨勬ā浠胯�屽浼氳瑷�銆傛垚浜虹殑璇█瀵瑰効绔ュ舰鎴愬埡婵�锛屽効绔ユā浠挎槸鍙嶅簲锛屼笉鏂湴鈥滃埡婵�鈥斿弽搴斺�濓紝鍎跨閫愭笎鎺屾彙璇█銆傛牴鎹ā浠挎柟寮忕殑涓嶅悓鍙堝垎涓烘満姊版ā浠胯鍜岄�夋嫨鎬фā浠胯銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏈烘妯′豢璇寸敱缇庡浗蹇冪悊瀛﹀闃垮皵娉㈢壒锛團.H.Allport锛変簬1924骞存彁鍑猴紝姝ょ悊璁哄己璋冨効绔ヨ瑷�鐨勮幏寰楁槸瀵圭埗姣嶈瑷�鐨勭畝鍗曘�佹満姊版ā浠匡紝鎶婂効绔ヨ瑷�鐪嬩綔鎴愪汉璇█鐨勭炕鐗堬紝瀹冨拷瑙嗗効绔ュ涔犺瑷�杩囩▼涓殑鍒涢�犳�э紝宸茶瓒婃潵瓒婂鐨勫彂灞曞績鐞嗗瀹舵墍鍚﹀畾銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 閫夋嫨鎬фā浠胯鐢辨��鐗硅但鏂壒锛圙.J.Whitehurst锛夌瓑1975骞存彁鍑猴紝浠栦滑寮鸿皟鍎跨璇█瀛︿範涓嶆槸瀵规垚浜鸿瑷�鐨勬満姊扮炕鐗堬紝鑰屾槸閫夋嫨鎬у湴妯′豢銆傚効绔ュ湪瀵规煇绉嶈瑷�鐜拌薄鍏锋湁涓�瀹氱殑鎺ュ彈鑳藉姏鏃讹紝灏变細瀵硅繖绉嶈瑷�鐜拌薄杩涜閫夋嫨鎬фā浠裤�傚効绔ユā浠跨殑鍐呭鏄垚浜虹殑璇█缁撴瀯鑰屼笉鏄垚浜鸿瑷�鐨勫叿浣撳唴瀹广�傚効绔ラ�氳繃妯′豢鎴愪汉鐨勮瑷�缁撴瀯锛屽皢杩欑缁撴瀯杩佺Щ鍒版柊鐨勮瑷�鎯呭涓紝褰㈡垚鑷繁鐨勮瑷�绯荤粺銆傞�夋嫨鎬фā浠�
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m1"></a><a href="chapter002.html#w1">[1]</a>
+ http锛�//env.people.com.cn/GB/106985/8438274.html锛�2015-08-22銆�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="26">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(26) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">018</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 璇存洿寮鸿皟鍎跨妯′豢鐨勮瑷�涓庢垚浜鸿瑷�鍔熻兘鐨勭浉浼兼�э紝鑰屼笉鏄叿浣撳唴瀹圭殑涓�鑷存�с�傚効绔ヤ範寰楄瑷�鐨勮繃绋嬫槸鍦ㄧ敓娲绘儏澧冧腑杩涜鐨勮�岄潪鍦ㄥ己鍖栨垨璁粌鎯呭涓畬鎴愮殑銆傚彲浠ヨ閫夋嫨鎬фā浠挎槸鍎跨涔犲緱璇█鐨勬柟寮忎箣涓�锛屼絾涓嶆槸鍏ㄩ儴銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d014">锛堜簩锛夊己鍖栬</h4>
+ <p>
+ 寮哄寲璇存槸琛屼负涓讳箟鏈�鏈夊奖鍝嶇殑瑙ｉ噴鍎跨璇█鑾峰緱鍜屽彂灞曠殑鐞嗚锛屾鐞嗚鏇村己璋冣�滃己鍖栤�濆湪璇█瀛︿範涓殑閲嶈浣滅敤锛屽叾涓昏浠ｈ〃浜虹墿鏂噾绾筹紙B.F.Skinner锛夎涓猴紝鍦ㄧ敓娲讳腑鍎跨鍚堜箮璇硶鐨勮█璇緱鍒板己鍖栵紝鎵�浠ヤ粬浠浼氫簡璇█銆傛垚浜烘湁閫夋嫨鍦板己鍖栧┐鍎垮捒鍛�澹颁腑鏈�绫讳技姣嶈鐨勯偅浜涜闊筹紝鍥犳杩欎簺璇煶寰楀埌浜嗗己鍖栥�備竴鏃﹀効绔ユ妸杩欎簺璇煶缁勫悎鎴愯瘝銆佸彞绛夛紝浠栦滑浼氬緱鍒扮埗姣嶇殑杩涗竴姝ュ己鍖栵紝閭ｄ簺閿欒鐨勩�佷笉鍚堣娉曡鍒欑殑闊宠妭銆佽瘝銆佸彞鍥犱负寰椾笉鍒板己鍖栦細鑷姩娑堝け銆傜畝瑷�涔嬶紝鍏昏偛鑰呮槸閫氳繃绀鸿寖鍜屽己鍖栧悎涔庤娉曟硶鍒欑殑璇█鍘绘暀浼氬瀛愯璇濈殑銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 铏界劧妯′豢鍜屽己鍖栧湪鍎跨璇█瀛︿範杩囩▼涓姛涓嶅彲娌★紝浣嗘鐞嗚涓嶈兘寰堝ソ鍦拌В閲婂涓嬮棶棰樸��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 绗竴锛屽効绔ュ湪瀛︿範璇磋瘽鐨勮繃绋嬩腑锛屾垚浜烘洿鍏虫敞鐨勬槸鍎跨璇█鐨勭湡瀹炴�э紝鑰屼笉鏄娉曠殑姝ｇ‘鎬с�傛瘮濡傦紝鍎跨鎸囩潃涓�澶寸墰璇达細鈥滅墰锛屾槸銆傗�濇垚浜轰篃璁镐細椹笂璧炶锛氣�滀綘澶仾鏄庝簡锛岄偅鏄竴澶寸墰銆傗�濊�屽鏋滃効绔ユ寚鐫�涓�澶寸墰锛岃锛氣�滀竴鍙嫍銆傗�濇垚浜轰篃璁镐細绔嬪埢鍛婄煡浠栵細鈥滀笉锛岄偅鏄竴澶寸墰銆傗��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 绗簩锛屽効绔ュ湪瀛︿範璇磋瘽鐨勮繃绋嬩腑锛屼細鍒涢�犲嚭寰堝鎴愪汉娌℃湁鏁欒繃浠栦滑鐨勮鍙ャ�傚鎴愪汉璇达細鈥滅湅锛岄偅鍙尨瀛愬湪鐖爲銆傗�濆効绔ュ緢鍙兘浼氳锛氣�滄爲锛岀尨瀛愮埇銆傗�濆彲瑙侊紝鍎跨璇村嚭鐨勮鍙ヤ腑骞朵笉鏄墍鏈夌殑閮芥簮浜庢ā浠匡紝杩樻湁寰堝ぇ鐨勫垱閫犳�с��
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d015">锛堜笁锛変腑浠嬭</h4>
+ <p>
+ 涓粙璇村張绉颁紶閫掕锛屾槸瀵逛紶缁熸ā浠胯鐨勪竴绉嶆敼杩涖�備紶缁熺殑妯′豢璇磋涓鸿瑷�瀛︿範鏄畝鍗曠殑鈥滃埡婵�鈥斿弽搴斺�濓紝鑰屼腑浠嬭鍒欏己璋冨湪鈥滃埡婵�鈥斿弽搴斺�濅腑闂存湁涓�绯诲垪鍥犺仈鎯宠�屽紩璧风殑闅愬惈鐨勨�滃埡婵�鈥斿弽搴斺�濓紝鎵�鏈夎繖浜涢殣鍚殑鈥滃埡婵�鈥斿弽搴斺�濇瀯鎴愪腑浠嬩綋绯汇�傛墍浠ワ紝璇█鐨勫涔犳槸鍒烘縺鍜屽弽搴旈�氳繃涓粙浣撶郴鑰屽缓绔嬬殑鑱旂郴銆傛瘮濡傦紝褰撴垜浠鈥滃皬鏄庢槸璀﹀療鈥濇椂锛屸�滆瀵熲�濊繖涓瘝鑳藉璁╀汉浠仈鎯冲埌寰堝鍏充簬璀﹀療鐨勫睘鎬э紝杩欎簺灞炴�т細闅忕潃璇█鐨勪紶鎾�屼紶鎾�備腑浠嬭鍦ㄥ埡婵�鍜屽弽搴斾箣闂村姞鍏ヤ簡涓粙鎴愬垎锛岃瘯鍥句互姝ゆ潵瑙ｉ噴骞煎効鐨勮瑷�瀛︿範銆傛鐞嗚鐢ㄢ�滆仈鎯斥�濈‘瀹炶兘澶熻鏄庝竴浜涢棶棰橈紝姣斿锛屽効绔ユ槸濡備綍鍒涢�犺瑷�鐨勩�備絾涓粙璇翠篃鏈夊緢澶氶棶棰橈紝姣斿锛屼紶閫掑弽搴斾笉涓�瀹氭槸鍦ㄧ洿鎺ュ埡婵�浣滅敤涓嬩骇鐢熺殑锛屼篃璁告槸閫氳繃闂存帴缁忛獙瀹炵幇鐨勶紝璁稿浜哄湪娌℃湁瑙佽繃鎴栧惉璇磋繃鈥滆瀵熲�濅箣鍓嶅氨鑳藉閫氳繃闂存帴缁忛獙浜嗚В璀﹀療銆備紶閫掓�у弽搴斾篃涓嶄竴瀹氳兘澶熸垚涓洪殣鍚殑鍒烘縺锛屽紩璧锋柊鐨勫弽搴旓紝浜轰滑濡傛灉涓嶇浉淇♀�滃皬鏄庢槸璀﹀療鈥濓紝涔熷氨涓嶈兘寮曡捣鍏舵柊鐨勫弽搴斻��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 濡傛灉鍎跨涓嶆槸鐩存帴妯′豢鎴愪汉浣跨敤鐨勮娉曪紝閭ｄ箞浠栦滑鐨勮瑷�鏄�庝箞浜х敓鐨勫憿锛熻澶氬績鐞嗗瀹躲�佽瑷�瀛﹀璇曞浘鐢ㄨ瑷�鍙戝睍鐨勭敓鐗╄鍘诲洖绛旇繖涓棶棰橈紝杩欎竴鐞嗚闃愯堪灏辨槸鍏堝ぉ璁鸿鐐广��
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="27">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(27) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">019</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <h3 id="c006">浜屻�佸厛澶╄</h3>
+ <p>
+ 涓轰簡鏇村ソ鍦拌В閲婁笂杩伴棶棰橈紝鍏堝ぉ璁鸿�呮洿鍊惧悜浜庤涓洪仐浼犲洜绱犳槸璇█鍙戝睍鐨勫喅瀹氭�у洜绱犮�備粬浠涓轰汉绫诲湪杩涘寲鐨勮繃绋嬩腑鑾峰緱鍏堝ぉ閬椾紶鐨勮瑷�鑳藉姏锛屽彧瑕佹潯浠舵弧瓒筹紝杩欎簺閫氳繃閬椾紶鑾峰緱鐨勫厛澶╄兘鍔涘氨浼氳嚜鐒舵垚鐔燂紝鍎跨涔熷氨鑷劧鑾峰緱璇█鑳藉姏銆傚厛澶╄涓瘮杈冩湁褰卞搷鍔涚殑鐞嗚鏈夊厛澶╄瑷�鑳藉姏璇村拰鑷劧鎴愮啛璇淬��
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d016">锛堜竴锛夊厛澶╄瑷�鑳藉姏璇�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 涔斿鏂熀锛圢oam Chomsky锛夎涓猴紝浜虹被鏄厤鏈夎瑷�鑾峰緱瑁呯疆锛圠anguage
+ Acquisition
+ Device锛孡AD锛夌殑锛屽畠鏄竴涓笌鐢熶勘鏉ョ殑璇█澶勭悊鍣紝鏈夎瑷�杈撳叆渚胯兘婵�娲汇�傝繖涓瑷�鑾峰緱瑁呯疆鍖呭惈鏅亶璇硶锛屾櫘閬嶈娉曟槸瀵规墍鏈夎瑷�閫氱敤鐨勮鍒欑煡璇嗭紝鎵�浠ワ紝涓嶇鍎跨鍚埌鐨勬槸鍝竴绉嶈瑷�锛屽彧瑕佽幏寰楄冻澶熺殑璇嶆眹閲忥紝灏卞彲浠ラ�氳繃璇█鑾峰緱瑁呯疆灏嗕範寰楃殑鍗曡瘝缁勫悎鎴愭柊鐨勩�佸彈瑙勫垯闄愬埗鐨勮瑷�銆傚洜姝わ紝涓嶇鍏ㄤ笘鐣屽効绔ョ殑璇█缁撴瀯鏈変綍绛夊樊寮傦紝浠栦滑閮借兘鍦ㄥぇ鑷寸浉鍚岀殑骞撮緞杈惧埌鐩镐技鐨勮瑷�鍙戝睍姘村钩銆傚洜涓鸿瑷�鑾峰緱瑁呯疆鏄汉绫婚仐浼犺�屾潵鐨勶紝鍏锋湁鏅亶涓�鑷存�с��
+ </p>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img class="img-b" alt="" src="../../images/0039-1.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="img">鍥�2-1 鍏堝ぉ璁烘彁鍑虹殑璇█鑾峰緱妯″瀷</p>
+ <p>
+ 鐜板湪寰堝鐢熺墿瀛︾殑鐮旂┒鏀寔浜嗕箶濮嗘柉鍩虹殑瑙傜偣銆傜涓�锛岃瑷�鍙戝睍涓庡ぇ鑴戝姛鑳藉亸渚у寲鐩稿叧锛岃�屽ぇ鑴戝姛鑳藉亸渚у寲鏄仐浼犲喅瀹氱殑銆傜浜岋紝蹇冪悊瀛﹀璁や负璇█鍙戝睍鏁忔劅鏈熸槸浠庡嚭鐢熷埌闈掓槬鏈燂紝鍦ㄨ繖娈垫椂鏈熻瑷�鏈�瀹规槗鑾峰緱锛岃繃浜嗚繖娈垫椂闂达紝鍋忎晶鍖栫殑澶ц剳鍦ㄨ瑷�鍔熻兘涓婂彉寰楄秺鏉ヨ秺涓撻棬鍖栵紝璇█涔犲緱涔熻秺鏉ヨ秺鍥伴毦銆傚熀浜庤剳绉戝鐨勭爺绌讹紝浜轰滑璁や负璇█鍙戝睍鏇村鍦板彈鍒板厛澶╅仐浼犵殑褰卞搷銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 濡備粖锛岃櫧鐒跺緢澶氫汉閮藉悓鎰忚瑷�瀛︿範鍦ㄥ緢澶х▼搴︿笂鍙楀埌閬椾紶鍥犵礌鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝浣嗘鐞嗚涔熸湁鏌愪簺闂鏃犳硶瑙ｉ噴锛屾瘮濡傦紝鍏朵粬鍔ㄧ墿鐨勫辜宕戒篃鑳藉湪鍑虹敓鐨勪竴娈垫椂闂村唴琛ㄧ幇鍑虹浉浼间簬浜虹被鐨勫惉瑙夎鲸鍒兘鍔涳紝鎵�浠ワ紝璇█鑾峰緱瑁呯疆涔熻涓嶆槸浜虹被鐗规湁鐨勩�傚厛澶╄瑷�鑳藉姏璇存妸璇█鍙戝睍褰掑洜浜庤繖绉嶇绉樺姏閲忥紙LAD锛夛紝浣嗘病鏈夊幓瑙ｉ噴璇█鑾峰緱瑁呯疆鍒板簳鏄浣曞伐浣滅殑锛屾瘮濡傦紝澶勭悊鍣ㄥ浣曡繃婊よ緭鍏ョ殑璇█锛屽浣曟帹鏂娉曡鍒欑瓑銆傚緢鏄庢樉锛岃繖涓悊璁轰篃鏄笉瀹屾暣鐨勩��
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d017">锛堜簩锛夎嚜鐒舵垚鐔熻</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鑷劧鎴愮啛璇存槸鐢辩編鍥藉搱浣涘尰瀛﹂櫌蹇冪悊瀛﹀鍕掔撼浼牸锛圗.H.Lenneberg锛夋彁鍑虹殑锛屼粬璁や负浜虹殑璇█鑳藉姏鏄厛澶╃殑锛屽洜涓轰汉鐨勮瑷�琛屼负鍦ㄥ効绔ラ渶瑕佷箣鍓嶅氨鍑虹幇浜嗭紝鑰屼笖杩欑鍑虹幇涓嶆槸涓昏鍐冲畾鐨勶紝涔熶笉鏄潬澶栭儴鍘熷洜婵�鍙戠殑銆傚効绔ヨ幏寰楄瑷�鑳藉姏鏈夊叾鈥滃叧閿湡鈥濓紝寰堝鍏藉鐨勪緥瀛愯鏄庯紝閿欒繃浜嗚瑷�鍙戝睍鈥滃叧閿湡鈥濆啀鍘昏缁冨効绔ュ涔犺瑷�鐨勬晥鏋滃苟涓嶇悊鎯炽��
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="28">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(28) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">020</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鍕掔撼浼牸璁や负涓嶄粎璇█鑾峰緱鍏锋湁鍏堝ぉ鎬э紝璇█鑳藉姏鐨勬垚鐔熶篃鏄敱閬椾紶鍐冲畾鐨勩�備汉绫昏瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曞彈鍒板彂闊冲櫒瀹樸�佸ぇ鑴戠瓑绁炵粡鏈哄埗鐨勫埗绾︺�備竴鏃﹁繖浜涘奖鍝嶈瑷�鍙戝睍鐨勫洜绱犳垚鐔燂紝鍙鏈夐�傚綋鐨勫鐣屾潯浠舵縺娲伙紝浜虹殑娼滃湪璇█缁撴瀯灏变細杞彉涓虹幇瀹炶瑷�缁撴瀯锛屼汉鐨勮瑷�鑳藉姏涔熷氨浼氬緢杞绘澗鍦拌幏寰椼�傚叏涓栫晫鑼冨洿鍐呯殑鍎跨閮界粡鍘嗕簡姣旇緝鐩镐技鐨勮瑷�鍙戝睍闃舵锛屽氨鏄洜涓烘墍鏈夊効绔ョ殑鍙戦煶鍣ㄥ畼銆佸ぇ鑴戠瓑绁炵粡鏈哄埗閮界粡鍘嗕簡鐩镐技鐨勫彂灞曢樁娈点��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 涔斿鏂熀鍜屽嫆绾充集鏍奸兘寮鸿皟璇█鍙戝睍鐨勫厛澶╂�э紝浠栦滑鍚﹀畾鐜鍜岃瑷�浜ゅ線鍦ㄨ瑷�鍙戝睍涓殑閲嶈浣滅敤銆傚厛澶╄涓嶈兘寰堝ソ鍦拌В閲婁负浣曚笉鍚屾皯鏃忕殑鍎跨鑳藉鑾峰緱涓嶅悓鐨勮瑷�绯荤粺鍜屽惉璇磋兘鍔涳紝涔熸棤娉曡В閲婁负浣曟湁浜涘効绔ュ惉鍔涙甯革紝浣嗙敱浜庣埗姣嶆湁鍚鏂归潰鐨勯殰纰嶏紝杩欎釜鍎跨灏辨棤娉曞紑鍙ｈ璇濈殑鎯呭喌銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 涓轰簡鏇村ソ鍦拌В閲婅瑷�鍙戝睍闂锛岀悊璁哄瀹舵彁鍑轰簡璇█鍙戝睍鐨勭浉浜掍綔鐢ㄨ銆�
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c007">涓夈�佺浉浜掍綔鐢ㄨ</h3>
+ <p>
+ 浠ョ毊浜氭澃锛圝ean
+ Piaget锛変负浠ｈ〃鐨勮鐭ュ娲撅紝鍦ㄥ厛澶╁洜绱犲拰鍚庡ぉ鍥犵礌涔嬪鍙堟彁鍑轰簡鐢卞叾鐩镐簰浣滅敤浜х敓鐨勪竴涓瑷�璧栦互渚濇墭鐨勮鐭ョ粨鏋勶紝鎻愬嚭浜嗗厛澶╀笌鍚庡ぉ鐩镐簰浣滅敤璁恒�傜浉浜掍綔鐢ㄨ鐨勬敮鎸佽�呰涓鸿瑷�鐨勫彂灞曟簮浜庣敓鐞嗙殑鎴愮啛锛堜富瑕佷负澶ц剳锛夈�佽鐭ュ彂灞曚笌澶栫晫鐜涓よ�呬箣闂村鏉傜殑鐩镐簰浣滅敤锛屾墍浠ワ紝璇█鏄嚜鐒跺拰鍏昏偛涔嬮棿澶嶆潅鐨勪氦浜掍綔鐢ㄧ殑浜х墿銆傜浉浜掍綔鐢ㄨ鍙互鏍规嵁浣滅敤瀵硅薄鐨勪晶閲嶇偣涓嶅悓鍒嗕负璁ょ煡鐩镐簰浣滅敤璁哄拰绀句細鐩镐簰浣滅敤璁恒��
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d018">锛堜竴锛夎鐭ョ浉浜掍綔鐢ㄨ</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鐨簹鏉拌涓哄効绔ュ績鐞嗗彂灞曟槸涓诲浣撶浉浜掍綔鐢ㄧ殑缁撴灉锛屽効绔ュ湪涓庡鐣岀幆澧冪殑鐩镐簰浣滅敤涓缓鏋勮嚜宸卞涓栫晫鐨勮璇嗭紝姝ょ悊璁轰富瑕佹湁濡備笅瑙傜偣銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e021">1.璇█涓庤鐭ョ殑鍏崇郴鏄弽鏄犱笌琚弽鏄犵殑鍏崇郴</h5>
+ <p>
+ 璇█鏄�濈淮鐨勭鍙凤紝鏄汉绫荤敤鏉ユ爣蹇楁垨浠ｈ〃浜嬬墿鐨勪竴绉嶉煶涔夌粨鍚堢殑鐗规畩绗﹀彿銆傚┐鍎跨敱浜庣己涔忓浣撴案涔呮�э紝浠栦滑鏃犳硶鐞嗚В涓嶅湪鐪煎墠鐨勪簨鐗╋紝鎵�浠ヨ瑷�鑳藉姏涔熷緢宸�傞殢鐫�鍎跨鎬濈淮鐨勪笉鏂彂灞曪紝鍎跨鑳藉鍦ㄨ瘝璇拰鍏惰〃绀虹殑浜嬬墿涔嬮棿寤虹珛绋冲畾鐨勮仈绯伙紝灏变骇鐢熶簡璇█銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e022">2.鎬濈淮鍙戝睍姘村钩鍐冲畾璇█鍙戝睍姘村钩</h5>
+ <p>
+ 棣栧厛锛岀毊浜氭澃璁や负鍎跨璇█鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曞彈鍒朵簬鍎跨鏁翠綋璁ょ煡鑳藉姏鐨勬彁楂橈紝鍙湁浜轰滑瀵规煇涓簨鐗╂湁浜嗚鐭ュ悗锛屾墠鑳界敤璇█鍑嗙‘鎻忚堪銆傚叾娆★紝鐨簹鏉拌涓哄効绔ョ殑鎬濈淮骞堕潪鏉ヨ嚜璇█鑰屾槸鏉ヨ嚜鍔ㄤ綔锛屽効绔ュ湪9涓湀浠ュ悗铏界劧杩樻病鏈夎瑷�锛屼絾宸叉湁浜嗗姩浣滄�濈淮銆傚洜姝わ紝涓嶈兘璁や负璇█鍏堜簬璁ょ煡鎬濈淮锛屼篃涓嶈兘璇存墍鏈夌殑鎬濈淮閮戒笌璇█鏈夎仈绯汇��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e023">3.璁ょ煡缁撴瀯鐨勫彂灞曟簮浜庝富瀹綋鐩镐簰浣滅敤</h5>
+ <p>
+ 涓綋鐨勮鐭ョ粨鏋勫拰鑳藉姏鏄笉鏂彂灞曠殑锛岃繖绉嶅彂灞曟潵婧愪簬涓诲浣撶殑鐩镐簰浣滅敤銆傜毊浜氭澃璁や负浜虹殑鏅哄姏娲诲姩鏈�鍒濇潵婧愪簬涓�浜涘熀鏈殑鍔ㄤ綔鍥惧紡锛岃繖浜涘熀鏈殑鍔ㄤ綔鍥惧紡涓嶆柇
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="29">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(29) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">021</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鑱斿悎锛屽舰鎴愪簡鏇翠负澶嶆潅鐨勫姩浣滅粨鏋勩�傚効绔ヤ竴鏃﹁幏寰楁煇绉嶅姩浣滅粨鏋勶紝渚夸細鍒╃敤杩欎釜宸ュ叿鍘绘敼閫犲懆鍥寸殑涓栫晫锛屾瘮濡傦紝鎶婂悆濂剁殑鍔ㄤ綔鍔犱互鎺ㄥ箍锛屽氨鍑虹幇浜嗗挰鎵嬫寚銆佸挰琛ｈ绛夋柊鐨勫姩浣滐紝鐨簹鏉版妸杩欑涓嶇敤鏀瑰彉鍘熸湁璁ょ煡缁撴瀯鑰屽仛鐨勭粌涔犲彨浣滃悓鍖栥�傚鏋滃効绔ラ亣鍒颁笉鑳藉悓鍖栫殑鎯呭喌锛屽氨浼氫富鍔ㄦ敼鍙樺叾璁ょ煡缁撴瀯浠ラ�傚簲澶栫晫鐜锛岀毊浜氭澃鎶婅繖绉嶄綔鐢ㄦ柟寮忓彨浣滈『搴斻�傚効绔ュ氨鏄湪涓嶆柇鍦板悓鍖栦笌椤哄簲鐨勫钩琛′腑鍙戝睍鑷繁鐨勮鐭ヨ兘鍔涳紝杩涜�屽彂灞曡瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勩��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 璁ょ煡鐩镐簰浣滅敤璁哄缓绔嬪湪鍏堝ぉ璁哄彂灞曠殑鍩虹涔嬩笂锛岃涓哄浜庡効绔ョ殑璇█鑾峰緱鍜屽彂灞曟潵璇达紝鐢熺悊鎴愮啛鍜岃鐭ュ熀纭�鍚屾牱閲嶈锛屼粠鑰岄伩鍏嶄簡鈥滃厛澶╄鈥濈殑涓嶈冻銆傝鐞嗚璁や负璇█鏄湪闈炶瑷�鐨勮鐭ュ熀纭�涓婂垱閫犲嚭鏉ョ殑锛岃繖瀵逛簬涓綋涓诲姩瀛︿範璇█鏄湁绉瀬鎰忎箟鐨勶紝鑳藉婵�鍔变釜浣撲笉鏂拰鐜鐩镐簰浣滅敤鎻愰珮鑷韩鐨勮瑷�鑳藉姏锛屼絾杩囦簬寮鸿皟璁ょ煡瀵硅瑷�鍙戝睍鐨勪綔鐢ㄨ�岀浉瀵瑰拷瑙嗕簡璇█瀵硅鐭ュ彂灞曠殑浣滅敤銆傚彟澶栵紝璇ョ悊璁轰篃蹇借浜嗙ぞ浼氫氦寰�瀵瑰効绔ヨ瑷�瀛︿範鑳藉姏鐨勫奖鍝嶃��
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d019">锛堜簩锛夌ぞ浼氱浉浜掍綔鐢ㄨ</h4>
+ <p>
+ 20涓栫邯70骞翠唬浠ユ潵锛屼竴浜涘鑰呯殑鐮旂┒寮�濮嬫敞閲嶅崥閲囦紬闀裤�備粬浠己璋冭瑷�鍙戝睍鍙楀埌鍏堝ぉ鐨勩�佸悗澶╃殑绛夊绉嶅洜绱犵殑褰卞搷锛岃繖浜涘厛澶╁洜绱犲拰绀句細鍥犵礌銆佽鐭ュ洜绱犮�佽瑷�鍥犵礌绛夌浉浜掑奖鍝嶏紝鍏卞悓鍐冲畾鍎跨璇█鑳藉姏鐨勮幏寰椾笌鍙戝睍銆傝櫧鐒剁ぞ浼氱浉浜掍綔鐢ㄨ鑰呭叧浜庤瑷�鍙戝睍鍔ㄥ姏鐨勮鐐瑰ぇ鑷寸浉鍚岋紝浣嗙敱浜庡己璋冮噸鐐逛笉鍚岋紝琛ㄧ幇鍑轰笉鍚岀殑鍊惧悜锛屽洜鑰屾湁涓嶅悓鐨勫璇淬�傚叾涓互鈥滆鍒欏涔犺鈥濆拰鈥滅ぞ浼氫氦寰�璇粹�濆奖鍝嶆渶澶с��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e024">1.瑙勫垯瀛︿範璇�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 甯冩湕銆佸紬鎷夌憻銆佷集鏍肩瓑瀛﹁�呮彁鍑虹殑瑙勫垯瀛︿範璇存槸寤虹珛鍦ㄤ箶濮嗘柉鍩哄拰琛屼负涓讳箟鐞嗚鍩虹涔嬩笂鐨勩�傛鐞嗚寮鸿皟鍎跨鍏锋湁涓�绉嶇悊瑙ｆ瘝璇殑鍏堝ぉ澶勭悊鏈哄埗锛岃繖绉嶆満鍒朵富瑕佹槸涓�绉嶅涔犲拰璇勪环鑳藉姏銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 瑙勫垯瀛︿範璇村己璋冭瑷�鐨勭粨鏋勬�э紝璁や负璇█瀛︿範鍦ㄥ緢澶х▼搴︿笂灏辨槸璇硶瑙勫垯鐨勮幏寰椼�傝�岃娉曡鍒欑殑鑾峰緱鏄綊绾崇殑缁撴灉銆傚効绔ュ湪涓嶆柇鍦板垎鏋愯緭鍏ョ殑璇█鍒烘縺杩囩▼涓�荤粨鍑烘瘝璇殑鏅亶鐗圭偣鍜屼釜鍒壒鐐癸紝鏍规嵁杩欎簺鐗圭偣鍙堝垱閫犲嚭寰堝鏂扮殑璇█褰㈠紡銆傛瘮濡傦紝鍎跨閫氳繃瀛︿範鈥滃皬楦″悆绫斥�濃�滃皬鐙楀晝楠ㄥご鈥濈瓑锛屽綊绾冲嚭鈥滀富璇悗鍙互璺熻皳璇紝璋撹鍚庡彲浠ヨ窡瀹捐鈥濓紱鍎跨鍦ㄥ浼氫簡杩欎釜璇硶瑙勫垯鍚庯紝灏卞彲浠ュ垱閫犲嚭鈥滃皬鐚存嬁妗冨瓙鈥濈瓑璇彞銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 瑙勫垯瀛︿範璇磋涓哄効绔ユ湁鍏堝ぉ鐨勮瑷�瀛︿範鑳藉姏锛屽効绔ヨ瑷�瀛︿範鏄竴绉嶅厛澶╄兘鍔涘弬涓庝笅鐨勬潯浠跺弽灏勩�傛鐞嗚璁や负鍏堝ぉ鐨勮瑷�瀛︿範鑳藉姏鍜屽悗澶╃殑璇█瑙勫垯姒傛嫭鍚屾牱閲嶈锛屼絾蹇界暐浜嗙ぞ浼氱幆澧冨鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝鍥犳鏄笉瀹屾暣鐨勩��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e025">2.绀句細浜ゅ線璇�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 绀句細浜ゅ線璇存槸20涓栫邯70骞翠唬鍚庯紝浠ュ竷椴佺撼锛圝.Brunner锛夈�佽礉鑼紙E.Bates锛夈�侀害鍏嬫儬灏硷紙B.Macwwhinney锛夌瓑涓�鎵瑰鑰呭湪鍓嶄汉鐮旂┒鍩虹涓婄粨鍚堣嚜宸辩殑璁よ瘑鎻愬嚭鐨勬柊鐞嗚銆傚畠鏄湪瀵硅涓轰富涔夎鐐瑰拰鍏堝ぉ璁鸿鐐圭殑鎵瑰垽缁ф壙涓骇鐢熺殑锛屾棦寮鸿皟璇█瑙勫垯鐨勯仐浼犳�у張寮鸿皟瀹㈣鐜瀵硅瑷�缁撴瀯浜х敓鐨勭嫭鐗逛綔鐢ㄣ��
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="30">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(30) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">022</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 绀句細浜ゅ線璇磋涓鸿瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勮幏寰椾笌鍙戝睍涓嶄粎闇�瑕佸厛澶╅仐浼犵殑璇█鑳藉姏锛岃�屼笖闇�瑕佷竴瀹氱殑鐢熺悊鎴愮啛绋嬪害鍜岃鐭ュ彂灞曠▼搴︼紝鏇撮噸瑕佺殑鏄繖浜涘洜绱犺兘鍦ㄧ湡瀹炵殑浜ゆ祦鐜涓彂鎸ヤ綔鐢ㄣ�傚洜姝わ紝姝ょ悊璁洪潪甯搁噸瑙嗗効绔ュ拰鎴愪汉鐨勮瑷�瀹炶返锛屽苟璁や负鐪熷疄鎯呮櫙涓殑璇█瀹炶返鏄喅瀹氬効绔ヨ瑷�鑳藉姏鍙戝睍鐨勫叧閿�у洜绱犮�備氦娴佺殑褰㈠紡涓庡唴瀹瑰喅瀹氳瑷�鍒烘縺鐨勮緭鍏ワ紝杈撳叆鐨勮瑷�鍒烘縺鍙堣繘涓�姝ュ埡婵�鍎跨璁ょ煡缁撴瀯鐨勬敼鍙橈紝璁ょ煡缁撴瀯鐨勪笉鏂敼鍙樹笌浼樺寲淇冧娇浜烘帴鍙楁洿澶嶆潅鐨勮瑷�鍒烘縺銆傚氨鏄湪杩欐牱鐨勭浉浜掍綔鐢ㄤ腑锛屽効绔ョ殑璇█鑳藉姏寰楀埌鍙戝睍銆傛渶鏂拌剳绉戝鐮旂┒鍙戠幇锛屼汉鐨勭缁忓叿鏈夊彲濉戞�с�傜缁忓彲濉戞�ф槸鎸囩缁忕郴缁熶负涓嶆柇閫傚簲澶栫晫鐜鍙樺寲鑰屾敼鍙樿嚜韬粨鏋勭殑鑳藉姏銆備緥濡傦紝鏈夌爺绌跺彂鐜帮紝鍥犱负浼︽暒璺嚎澶嶆潅锛屾墍浠ヤ鸡鏁﹀嚭绉熻溅鍙告満鐨勬捣椹綋姣斿父浜烘洿澶с��<a
+ id="w2"
+ ></a
+ ><a href="chapter002.html#m2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍涔熶竴鏍凤紝閫傚綋鐨勮瑷�鍒烘縺浼氫笉鏂敼鍙樹笌澧炲己澶ц剳璇█鍖哄煙鐨勭缁忚仈绯伙紝鍔犲己鐨勭缁忚仈绯诲張涓鸿幏寰楁洿澶氳瑷�鍒烘縺鍋氬ソ鍑嗗銆傚湪杩欐柟闈紝绀句細浜ゅ線璇村緱鍒颁簡鑴戠瀛︾爺绌剁殑璇佸疄锛屼絾鏈夊鑰呰涓虹ぞ浼氫氦寰�璇磋繃搴﹂噸瑙嗚瑷�鐜鐨勪綔鐢紝鑰屽拷瑙嗕簡璇█鐨勫績鐞嗚繃绋嬨�傝櫧鐒剁浉浜掍綔鐢ㄨ寰楀埌寰堝鐞嗚瀛﹀鐨勯潚鐫愶紝浣嗗叧浜庡効绔ョ┒绔熸槸鎬庢牱涔犲緱璇█鐨勯棶棰樿繕鏄病鏈夊緱鍒版牴鏈В鍐炽�傛垜浠墍浜嗚В鐨勬洿澶氱殑鏄効绔ュ涔犱竴闂ㄨ瑷�鏃惰幏寰椾簡浠�涔堬紝鑰屽浜庢�庢牱鑾峰緱锛屼粛鐒剁煡涔嬬敋灏戙��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 缁间笂鎵�杩帮紝璇█鑾峰緱鏈哄埗鏄竴涓崄鍒嗗鏉傜殑闂锛岀幆澧冦�侀仐浼犮�佸涔犵瓑鍥犵礌閮戒細浠ュ悇绉嶆柟寮忎綔鐢ㄤ簬鍎跨璇█鐨勫彂鐢熶笌鍙戝睍锛屽杩欎釜杩囩▼鐨勭悊璁鸿В閲婅繕鏈夊緟澶氬绉戠爺绌剁殑娣卞叆銆�
+ </p>
+ <p class="left"><span class="bj2">鐩稿叧閾炬帴</span></p>
+ <div class="tp-5-1">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-1" alt="" src="../../images/tb-5.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p class="center">
+ <span class="zt-ls1"
+ >鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍锛岃嚜鐒讹紵浣跨劧锛�<a id="w3"></a
+ ><a href="chapter002.html#m3"><sup>[3]</sup></a></span
+ >
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 1975骞�10鏈堬紝鍦ㄦ硶鍥藉反榛庨檮杩戠殑鑻ョ害鑺掞紙Royanmont锛夋浘涓捐浜嗕竴娆¤憲鍚嶇殑杈╄銆傝京璁轰細鐨勪富瑙掍究鏄憲鍚嶇殑鐨簹鏉板拰涔斿鏂熀銆傝京璁虹殑涓婚鏄細浠庝汉鐨勮瑷�鏈哄埗鍜岃瑷�涔犲緱瑙掑害鏉ユ帰璁ㄥ効绔ュ彂灞曢棶棰樸��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 涔斿鏂熀鎸佷竴绉嶈緝寮辩殑澶╄祴璁虹珛鍦恒�備粬璁や负鍎跨鎷ユ湁涓�濂楀ぉ璧嬬殑鈥滆瑷�涔犲緱瑁呯疆鈥濓紝鍎跨閫氳繃杩欎竴澶╄祴鐨勮瑷�涔犲緱瑁呯疆锛屽鏈�鍒濇帴瑙︾殑璇█璧勬枡杩涜鍔犲伐锛屼粠涓敓鎴愪竴濂楄兘澶熺紪閫犳柊璇彞鐨勫彞娉曘�佽涔夊拰璇煶瑙勫垯鏉ャ�備箶濮嗘柉鍩鸿涓衡�滆瑷�涔犲緱瑁呯疆鈥濆疄闄呬笂鏄竴绉嶅ぉ璧嬬殑璇█鍣ㄥ畼锛岃繖绉嶁�滃績鐞嗗櫒瀹樷�濆悓浜轰綋鐨勫叾浠栧櫒瀹樹竴鏍锋槸鏈変竴涓彂鑲茶繃绋嬬殑銆備竴浜涘叧浜庡ぇ鑴戣瑷�鏈鸿兘鎹熶激鐨勭梾浜哄拰鏈夎瑷�缂洪櫡鐨勫鏃忕殑鐮旂┒涔熼兘鏀寔涔斿鏂熀鐨勫ぉ璧嬭鍋囪銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛屼箶濮嗘柉鍩鸿涓哄効绔ュ彂灞曠殑鍏抽敭鍥犵礌鏄敓鐗╁鐨勫洜绱狅紝鍗斥�滆嚜鐒垛�斾娇鐒垛�濅腑鈥滆嚜鐒垛�濊繖涓�闈€�傝�岀毊浜氭澃鍦ㄨВ閲婂効绔ュ彂灞曢棶棰樻椂鍒欏亸鍚戜簬鈥滀娇鐒垛�濊繖涓�闈€��
+ </p>
+
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m2"></a><a href="chapter002.html#w2">[2]</a>
+ 璇烘浖路閬撲紛濂�.閲嶅澶ц剳锛岄噸濉戜汉鐢燂蓟M锛�.娲叞锛岃瘧.鍖椾含锛氭満姊板伐涓氬嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2014锛�2.
+ </p>
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m3"></a><a href="chapter002.html#w3">[3]</a>
+ 鍒樻檽涓滐紝鍗箰鐝嶏紝绛�.瀛﹀墠鏁欒偛瀛︼蓟M锛�.鍗椾含锛氭睙鑻忔暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2004锛�75-80.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="page-box" page="31">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(31) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">023</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鐨簹鏉拌涓猴紝鐭ヨ瘑鐨勮幏寰楀拰璁ょ煡鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曟槸鍎跨涓庣幆澧冧箣闂村悓鍖栧拰椤哄簲鐨勭粨鏋溿�傚悓鍖栨槸鏈夋満浣撳皢澶栫晫鍏冪礌锛屽寘鎷妸瀹㈣浜嬬墿鐨勭粨鏋勫彉涓哄唴鍦ㄧ粨鏋勭殑鏁村悎浣滅敤銆傝瑷�鐭ヨ瘑涔熸槸濡傛鑰屾潵銆備篃姝ｅ洜涓虹毊浜氭澃鏈夎繖鏍风殑涓诲紶锛屾墍浠ユ垜浠浠栧亸鍚戜簬鈥滀娇鐒垛�濊銆傜敱浜庝粬璁や负浜虹殑鐭ヨ瘑浠ュ強璁ょ煡缁撴瀯鏄富浣撳拰鐜鐩镐簰浣滅敤锛屽苟閫愭寤烘瀯鑰屽舰鎴愮殑锛屾槸鍦ㄥ悗澶╄幏寰楃殑锛屾墍浠ヤ粬鐨勭悊璁哄張绉颁负鈥滃缓鏋勮鈥濄��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鏈夌殑涓庝細鑰呭垯璁や负涔斿鏂熀鍜岀毊浜氭澃浜岃�呯殑鐞嗚骞舵棤鏍规湰鐨勫啿绐侊紝鏋勬垚鐭ヨ瘑鐨勫厓绱犳槸鐢卞熀鍥犲喅瀹氱殑锛岃�屽疄闄呯煡璇嗙殑褰㈡垚鍗磋缁忚繃鈥滃缓鏋勨�濊繃绋嬨�傦紙浜嬪疄涓婏紝涓婅堪鐢熺墿瀛︾殑鍙戠幇涔熷彲浠ヤ綔涓烘敮鎸佽繖涓�璁虹偣鐨勮瘉鎹�傦級杩欑瑙傜偣濡傛灉鎴愮珛锛屽皢娑堣В姝ｅ湪婵�杈╃殑涓ょ鐞嗚鐨勬牴鏈啿绐併�傜毊浜氭澃鍗佸垎璧炶祻杩欑瑙傜偣锛屽苟鏁板害鏈夋剰鎺ュ彈璋冨拰锛屾湁鎰忎慨鏀硅嚜宸辩殑鐞嗚锛岀劧鑰屼箶濮嗘柉鍩哄嵈鍧氭寔宸辫锛屾棤鎰忔帴鍙楄皟鍜屻��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 杩欐杈╄锛屾濡傝憲鍚嶇殑蹇冪悊瀛﹀闇嶅崕寰仿峰姞鐧荤撼鏁欐巿鍚庢潵鎵�璇寸殑閭ｆ牱锛屾槸涓�娆℃帰绱㈣�岄潪涓�绉嶇粨璁恒�傚湪浼氫笂锛岃杈╁弻鏂归兘瀵瑰鏂圭殑鐞嗚鎰熷叴瓒ｃ�備箶濮嗘柉鍩哄緱鍒扮敓鐗╁瀹剁殑鏀寔锛岃�岀毊浜氭澃鐨勫璇磋緝鍙楀績鐞嗗瀹跺拰浜哄伐鏅鸿兘涓撳鐨勮禐鍚屻��
+ </p>
+ <h2 id="b004">绗簩鑺傘��瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鐨勫奖鍝嶅洜绱�</h2>
+ <p>
+ 鍎跨鎺屾彙璇█鏄竴涓湅浼肩畝鍗曞嵈寮傚父澶嶆潅鐨勮繃绋嬶紝鍥犱负璇█鐨勫彂灞曚笉浠呭彈鍒扮敓鐞嗗洜绱犮�佸績鐞嗗洜绱犵殑褰卞搷锛岃繕鍙楀埌鑹ソ鐨勮瑷�鐜鍜岄珮璐ㄩ噺鐨勮瑷�鏁欒偛绛夌ぞ浼氬洜绱犵殑褰卞搷锛屽綋鐒朵綔涓轰竴绉嶇鍙风郴缁燂紝鏂囧寲绗﹀彿鏈韩鐨勮〃杈炬柟寮忎篃瀵硅瑷�涔犲緱涓庡彂灞曟湁涓�瀹氱殑褰卞搷銆�
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c008">涓�銆佺敓鐞嗗洜绱�</h3>
+ <h4 id="d020">锛堜竴锛夋甯哥殑鍙戦煶鍣ㄥ畼</h4>
+ <p>
+ 璇█鏄竴绉嶉煶涔夌粨鍚堢殑绗﹀彿绯荤粺锛屾纭殑鍙戦煶蹇呴』瑕佹湁姝ｅ父鐨勫彂闊冲櫒瀹樸�傚効绔ュ彂闊冲櫒瀹樼粨鏋勭殑涓嶆柇鍙戝睍鍜屽姛鑳界殑涓嶆柇瀹屽杽鏄叾鍙戦煶鐨勫熀纭�銆傚彂闊崇郴缁熷寘鎷偤銆佸枆銆佸０甯︺�佸捊銆佽垖銆佸攪銆侀娇绛夈�傚鏋滆繖浜涘櫒瀹樹笉鑳藉彂鎸ユ甯哥殑鍔熻兘锛屽氨浼氬嚭鐜颁笉鑳藉彂澹般�佸彛榻夸笉娓呫�佸彛鍚冪瓑璇█闅滅銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d021">锛堜簩锛夋甯哥殑鍚鍔熻兘</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鍦ㄥ効绔ヨ瑷�鑳藉姏鍙戝睍杩囩▼涓紝璇█鐞嗚В鍏堜簬璇█琛ㄨ揪锛屸�滆瑷�杈撳叆鈥濆厛浜庘�滆瑷�杈撳嚭鈥濓紝姝ｅ父鐨勫惉瑙夋槸鈥滆瑷�杈撳叆鈥濈殑蹇呭鏉′欢銆備笉鏂殑璇█杈撳叆浼氭縺娲诲効绔ュぇ鑴戠殑璇█鍔熻兘锛屼績浣垮効绔ユā浠挎垚浜鸿瑷�鏉ュ涔犺璇濄�傝瑷�鏄氦娴佺殑宸ュ叿锛屽彧鏈変釜浣撳惉鍒颁氦娴佸璞¤鍑虹殑璇█鎵嶈兘鍋氬嚭鐩稿簲鐨勫弽搴斻�傚鏋滃惉鍔涘嚭鐜伴殰纰嶏紝涓綋灏变笉浼氭劅鍙楀埌澹伴煶锛屼篃灏辨棤浠庡涔犺璇濄�傚惉鍔涘湪瑷�璇椿鍔ㄤ腑杩樿捣鐫�鐩戠潱鐨勪綔鐢紝瀹冭兘鍗忚皟鑸屽拰鍜借厰娲诲姩鐨勭浉浜掕仈绯伙紝浠庤�屼繚闅滆璇濈殑娴佺晠鎬у拰鍙戦煶鐨勫噯纭�с�傚惉鍔涘樊鐨勫効绔ヤ笉鑳藉惉娓呮纭�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="32">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(32) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">024</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鐨勫彂闊筹紝涔熷氨涓嶈兘鍖哄垎閿欒鐨勫彂闊筹紝灏变細鍑虹幇瑷�璇殑涓嶆竻鏅般�佷笉鍑嗙‘鎯呭喌銆傚洜姝わ紝鍎跨瑕佸浼氬噯纭彂闊筹紝涓�瀹氳鏈夎壇濂界殑鍚姏銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d022">锛堜笁锛夊仴鍏ㄧ殑澶ц剳</h4>
+ <p>
+ 澶ц剳鏄瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勭墿璐ㄥ熀纭�锛岃�岃瑷�鏄ぇ鑴戠殑鏈鸿兘涔嬩竴銆備汉鐨勮瑷�缁忚繃鍚鍣ㄥ畼浼犲埌澶ц剳锛屽湪澶ц剳鍒嗘瀽澶勭悊鍚庯紝鍐嶇粡绁炵粡浼犲嚭锛屽ぇ鑴戞敮閰嶅彂闊冲櫒瀹樿繘琛岃█璇〃杈俱�傚鏋滃ぇ鑴戝彈鍒版崯浼わ紝鍎跨灏变笉鑳芥纭湴澶勭悊鎺ユ敹鍒扮殑璇█淇℃伅锛屼細鍑虹幇鍋忓惉銆佽鍚�佽瑙ｇ瓑鐜拌薄锛岃繘鑰屽奖鍝嶅埌鍎跨涓庝粬浜鸿繘琛岃瑷�浜ゆ祦锛屽効绔ョ殑璇█鍙戝睍涔熶細鍑虹幇鍚勭绫诲瀷鐨勮瑷�闅滅銆傛墍浠ワ紝鍋ュ叏鐨勫ぇ鑴戞槸鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鐨勫繀瑕佹潯浠躲��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鐢熺悊鍥犵礌鏄瑷�鍙戝睍鐨勫熀纭�锛屽仴鍏ㄧ殑鍙戦煶鍣ㄥ畼銆佸惉瑙夊櫒瀹樺強澶ц剳鏄汉璇█鍙戝睍鐨勬潯浠讹紝鍏朵腑浠讳綍閮ㄥ垎鐨勬崯浼ら兘浼氱洿鎺ュ奖鍝嶄汉璇█鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曘�傜劧鑰岋紝鐢熺悊鍥犵礌鍙负璇█鍙戝睍鎻愪緵浜嗗彲鑳芥�э紝杩欑鍏堝ぉ娼滃湪鐨勫彂灞曡兘鍔涜兘鍚﹀緱浠ュ疄鐜帮紝杩橀渶瑕佸彈鍒板悗澶╃幆澧冨洜绱犵殑褰卞搷銆�
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c009">浜屻�佸績鐞嗗洜绱�</h3>
+ <p>
+ 蹇冪悊鍥犵礌瀵硅瑷�鍙戝睍鐨勫奖鍝嶄富瑕佸寘鎷袱涓柟闈細涓�鏄鐭ュ璇█鍙戝睍鐨勫奖鍝嶏紱浜屾槸涓�у搧璐ㄥ璇█鍙戝睍鐨勫奖鍝嶃��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍎跨鐨勮瑷�鍙戝睍鏄缓绔嬪湪浠栦滑瀵圭敓娲讳腑浜嬬墿璁よ瘑鐨勫熀纭�涔嬩笂鐨勶紝浠栦滑鏈�鏃╄鍑虹殑璇嶅鏁版槸浠栦滑鑳藉鐩存帴鎽嗗紕鐨勪簨鐗╁拰浠栦滑鐔熸倝鐨勪汉銆備笉浜嗚В鐨勪簨鐗╋紝浠栦滑涓�鑸笉鑳藉噯纭湴鎻忚堪銆傚惉銆佽銆佽銆佸啓鐨勮瑷�鏁欒偛鍐呭閮芥槸寤虹珛鍦ㄥ璇█鐞嗚В鐨勫熀纭�涔嬩笂鐨勩�傚彲浠ヨ璇█鑳藉姏鏄彈涓�鑸鐭ヨ兘鍔涘埗绾︿絾鍙堟湁鍏剁壒娈婃�х殑璁ょ煡鑳藉姏銆備竴鑸潵璇达紝璁ょ煡鑳藉姏寮虹殑鍎跨锛屽叾璇█鍙戝睍涔熺浉瀵硅緝蹇�傛墍浠ュ闀裤�佹暀甯堝簲璇ユ妸鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍涓庤鐭ュ彂灞曞崗璋冭捣鏉ワ紝鍦ㄨ鐭ユ椿鍔ㄤ腑淇冭繘璇█鑳藉姏鐨勮繘姝ワ紝鍦ㄨ瑷�娲诲姩涓彁楂樺効绔ュ涓栫晫鐨勮璇嗐��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 涓�у搧璐ㄤ篃浼氬奖鍝嶅効绔ョ殑璇█瀛︿範銆備竴鑸潵璇达紝鎬ф牸澶栧悜銆佹闈㈡儏缁緝澶氱殑鍎跨姣旇緝鑷俊锛屾洿鍊惧悜浜庡拰鍒汉鍒嗕韩鑷繁鐨勭粡楠岋紝鍜屽叾浠栧効绔ュ垎浜笌浜ゆ祦鐨勮繃绋嬶紝澧炲姞浜嗙粌涔犲拰鍒涢�犺瑷�鐨勬満浼氥�傝�岃礋闈㈡儏缁緝澶氱殑鍎跨绀句細鎬х浉瀵硅緝宸紝缂轰箯鍜屼粬浜烘矡閫氱殑鍔ㄦ満涓庣瓥鐣ワ紝浠庤�屼娇鑷繁澶卞幓鏇村浜ゆ祦閿荤偧鐨勬満浼氥��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍎跨璇█鑳藉姏鍙戝睍鍜屽叾蹇冪悊鍙戝睍姘村钩鍏崇郴瀵嗗垏锛屾垚浜哄簲璇ュ湪鏃ュ父鐢熸椿涓鍏虫敞鍎跨鐨勮鐭ュ彂灞曞拰涓�у搧璐紝骞堕噰鍙栧悇绉嶆湁鏁堟帾鏂戒績杩涘叾璁ょ煡鍙戝睍鍜屼釜鎬у搧璐ㄧ殑瀹屽杽銆�
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c010">涓夈�佺ぞ浼氬洜绱�</h3>
+ <h4 id="d023">锛堜竴锛夎瑷�鐜</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鍎跨鐢熸椿鍦ㄥ厖婊¤瑷�鐨勭幆澧冧腑锛岃瑷�鐜鐨勫ソ鍧忎細褰卞搷鍏惰瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曘�傞仐浼犲洜绱犱负璇█鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曟彁渚涘彲鑳芥�э紝璇█鐜鍒欏喅瀹氳繖绉嶅彲鑳芥�ц揪鍒扮殑绋嬪害銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e026">1.浜插瓙鐜</h5>
+ <p>
+ 鍎跨鎺ヨЕ鐨勯涓幆澧冨氨鏄搴紝鐖舵瘝鏄効绔ヨ瑷�瀛︿範鐨勫惎钂欒�呫�傚綋鍎跨鑳藉紑鍙�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="page-box" page="33">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(33) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">025</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 璇磋瘽鏃讹紝鐖舵瘝鑰愬績鐨勫�惧惉鍜岄紦鍔变細婵�鍙戜粬浠Н鏋佽〃杈剧殑鎰忔効锛岀埗姣嶅簲涓哄効绔ヨ惀閫犱赴瀵岀殑鐢熸椿鐜銆傝瑷�鏄鐢熸椿鐨勮〃杈撅紝榧撳姳鍎跨澶氭搷浣滅幆澧冧腑鐨勪簨鐗╋紝骞跺鐢ㄨ瑷�鍘昏〃杈句簨鐗╃殑鍚嶇О銆佹搷浣滅殑杩囩▼鍜岃嚜鎴戠殑鎰忔効銆傚湪涓庡効绔ヤ氦娴佺殑杩囩▼涓紝鎴愪汉搴旇浠ュ効绔ョ殑璇濊鍏磋叮涓轰腑蹇冿紝閬垮厤杩囨棭鍦板己璋冨彞鍨嬬殑鍚堣娉曟�х瓑锛涙暣涓氦娴佽繃绋嬪簲璇ュ敖閲忔斁鎱㈣閫燂紝閬垮厤浣跨敤澶嶆潅鍙ャ�傚湪浜ゆ祦涓紝瀹堕暱搴旇缁欏効绔ュ厖鍒嗙殑琛ㄨ揪鏈轰細锛屼氦娴佹槸鍩瑰吇鍎跨璇█鑳藉姏鐨勬渶濂芥柟娉曘�傚湪瀹屾暣銆佹俯棣ㄧ殑瀹跺涵鐜涓紝鐖舵瘝涓庡効绔ヤ氦娴佸緱鏇村锛屼赴瀵岀殑璇█鐜鍙互鐩存帴淇冭繘鍎跨璇█鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曘�備竴鑸潵璇达紝鏂囧寲绋嬪害杈冧綆鐨勫搴腑鍎跨鍙範寰楁柟瑷�锛涜�屾枃鍖栫▼搴﹁緝楂樼殑瀹跺涵涓紝鍎跨浼氫範寰楁櫘閫氳瘽锛屾垨鑰呮櫘閫氳瘽鍜屾柟瑷�涓�骞朵範寰椼��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鐖舵瘝搴旇灏芥棭鍩瑰吇鍎跨鏃╂湡闃呰鐨勫叴瓒ｅ拰涔犳儻銆傚浘涔﹀彲浠ュ紑闃斿瀛愮殑瑙嗛噹锛岄櫠鍐跺叾蹇冪伒锛屽湪鍏惰瑷�鍙戝睍杩囩▼涓捣鍒版綔绉婚粯鍖栫殑浣滅敤銆傚ソ鐨勯槄璇讳範鎯拰鍏磋叮瀵瑰効绔ヤ功闈㈣瑷�鐨勪績杩涙槸涓嶅彲鎴栫己鐨勶紝鍥句功鍙互涓哄効绔ユ彁渚涙垚鐔熺殑璇█瀛︿範鏍锋湰锛岀儹鐖遍槄璇讳负鍎跨浠婂悗鐨勫涔犵敓娑瀹氬潥瀹炵殑鍩虹銆傚拰鍎跨鍏卞悓闃呰鍜岃璁猴紝涓嶄粎澧炲己浜嗕翰瀛愬叧绯伙紝涔熸縺鍙戜簡鍎跨娴撳帤鐨勫涔犲叴瓒ｃ��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e027">2.绀惧尯鐜</h5>
+ <p>
+ 绀惧尯鏄効绔ョ敓娲荤殑寰幆澧冿紝绀惧尯涓殑浜烘垨鐗╀細鐩存帴鎴栭棿鎺ュ湴褰卞搷鍎跨璇█鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曘�備赴瀵岀殑绀惧尯鏂囧寲浠ュ強鏅寤虹瓚涓哄効绔ユ彁渚涙簮婧愪笉鏂殑鍒烘縺銆傝繖浜涘埡婵�璁╁効绔ュ垵姝ユ劅鍙楀埌浣曚负绀句細缇や綋锛屽効绔ュ湪缇や綋涓彂灞曞叾璁ょ煡銆佹儏鎰熴�佺ぞ浼氭�у苟褰㈡垚鏈�鍒濈殑閬撳痉鍒ゆ柇鏍囧噯銆傛墍鏈夎繖浜涘彂灞曢鍩燂紝閮戒负鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍濂犲畾浜嗗潥瀹炵殑鍩虹銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 瀹堕暱搴旇璁╁効绔ュ厖鍒嗘帴瑙︾ぞ鍖轰腑鐨勪汉鍜岀墿锛屽府鍔╁叾鑾峰緱褰掑睘鎰熴�傚澶氬拰閭诲眳鎵撴嫑鍛硷紝澶氳鍎跨鍛藉悕绀惧尯涓殑鑺辫崏鏍戞湪锛屽鍜屼粬浠皥璁虹ぞ鍖轰腑鍙戠敓鐨勬柊椴滀簨绛夈��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e028">3.骞煎効鍥幆澧�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鍥槸澶氭暟3锝�6宀佸効绔ョ敓娲荤殑鐩存帴鐜锛屽辜鍎垮洯鐜瀵瑰効绔ヨ瑷�鍙戝睍鏈夐噸瑕佸奖鍝嶃��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 棣栧厛锛岀彮绾т汉鏁颁細褰卞搷鍎跨璇█鐨勫彂灞曘�傚鏋滃効绔ヤ汉鏁板お澶氾紝鏁欏笀鍙兘鐓ч【鍒版瘮杈冩椿璺冪殑鍎跨锛屽浜庢�ф牸鍐呭悜鐨勫効绔ヤ笉鍙兘閮界収椤惧埌锛岃繖鍦ㄦ煇绉嶇▼搴︿笂浼氬奖鍝嶅効绔ヤ氦娴佺殑鍏磋叮銆傚洜姝わ紝閫傚綋鐨勭彮绾т汉鏁颁細淇冭繘甯堝辜涔嬮棿浠ュ強鍎跨鍚屼即涔嬮棿鏇村ソ鐨勪氦娴侊紝杩涜�屼績杩涘効绔ヨ瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曘��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鍏舵锛屽辜鍎垮洯璇█鐜鍒涜浼氬奖鍝嶅効绔ヨ瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曘�傜幆澧冩槸鏈�濂界殑鑰佸笀锛屼赴瀵岀殑骞煎効鍥瑷�鐜鍙互婵�鍙戝効绔ョ殑浜ゆ祦娆叉湜銆傛暀甯堝簲璇ョ粍缁囧绉嶅舰寮忕殑璇█鏁欒偛娲诲姩锛屽璋堣瘽娲诲姩锛岃鍎跨瀛︿範濡備綍鍊惧惉浠栦汉鐨勮瑷�锛屽苟閲囩敤鍚堥�傜殑鍐呭鍜屽舰寮忎笌涔嬩氦娴侊紱璁茶堪娲诲姩鍙互璁╁効绔ュ浼氬湪闆嗕綋娲诲姩涓浣曟竻鏅版槑纭湴琛ㄨ揪鑷繁锛涜瑷�娓告垙瑕佹眰鍎跨浠ユ蹇�佹晱鎹风殑璇█搴斿锛涙枃瀛︽椿鍔ㄤ晶閲嶄簬璁╁効绔ョ悊瑙ｅ拰浣跨敤鍙欎簨鎬х殑琛ㄨ揪鏂瑰紡锛涙棭鏈熼槄璇绘椿鍔ㄥ彲浠ョ粰鍎跨鍏呭垎鐨勬帴瑙︿功闈㈣瑷�鐨勬満浼氱瓑銆傚効绔ュ湪骞煎効鍥紑濮嬫瑙勭殑璇█璁粌锛岃兘涓哄皬瀛﹀涔犳瑙勭殑涔﹂潰璇█鎵撲笅鍩虹銆�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="34">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(34) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">026</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <h4 id="d024">锛堜簩锛夎瑷�鏁欒偛</h4>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欒偛鏄竴绉嶆湁鎰忚瘑鐨勪互褰卞搷浜虹殑韬績鍙戝睍涓虹洿鎺ョ洰鐨勭殑绀句細娲诲姩銆傝瑷�鏃㈡槸涓�绉嶅績鐞嗚兘鍔涳紝涔熸槸淇冭繘浜鸿韩蹇冨彂灞曠殑宸ュ叿锛屽洜姝よ瑷�鏁欒偛灏辨槸涓�绉嶆湁鎰忚瘑鐨勪互褰卞搷浜鸿瑷�鑳藉姏鍙戝睍涓虹洿鎺ョ洰鐨勭殑绀句細娲诲姩銆傝瑷�鏁欒偛鍜屽叾浠栭鍩熺殑鏁欒偛娲诲姩鍏卞悓淇冭繘鍎跨韬績鍙戝睍锛屼絾濡傛灉鏁欒偛鏂瑰紡涓嶅綋锛屼笉浠呬笉鑳戒績杩涘効绔ヨ瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勮繘姝ワ紝鍙嶈�屼細闃荤鍏惰瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曘�傚綋浠婂辜鍎垮洯鍜屽搴瑷�鏁欒偛涓嚭鐜颁簡璇稿鎬ュ姛杩戝埄鐨勬暀鑲插�惧悜锛屾瘮濡傦紝瀹堕暱瀵硅瘑瀛楁暀鑲茬殑鐩茬洰鎺ㄥ磭锛屽辜鍎垮洯瀵瑰璇暀瀛︿綔鐢ㄧ殑鏃犻檺鏀惧ぇ绛夛紝鎴愪汉鍖栥�佸皬瀛﹀寲鐨勮瘑瀛楁暀鑲蹭細鍓茶璇█鍜屾�濈淮鐨勫ぉ鐒惰仈绯伙紝鐮村潖鍎跨瀛︿範璇█鐨勫叴瓒ｄ笌绉瀬鎬э紝鑰岃繃鏃╃殑銆佹満姊扮殑澶栬瀛︿範涔熶細缁欏効绔ラ�犳垚鏋佸ぇ鐨勫涔犲洶鎯戙��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 鐢辨鍙锛岃瑷�鏁欒偛鐨勫師鍒欏簲璇ョ鍚堝効绔ヨ韩蹇冨彂灞曠殑瑙勫緥锛屾暀甯堝拰瀹堕暱鍙湁涓嶆柇鍔犲己鑷繁鐨勭悊璁虹礌鍏伙紝浠ュ疄浜嬫眰鏄殑鎬佸害杩涜璇█鏁欒偛鎵嶄細淇冭繘鍎跨璇█鑳藉姏鐨勯暱瓒冲彂灞曘��
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c011">鍥涖�佹枃鍖栫鍙锋湰韬�</h3>
+ <p>
+ 璇█鏄竴涓皯鏃忕湅寰呬笘鐣岀殑鏂瑰紡锛屼篃鏄竴涓皯鏃忎笘鐣岃銆佷环鍊艰鐨勫叿浣撲綋鐜帮紝鎵�浠ワ紝璇█鏈韩灏辨槸涓�绉嶆枃鍖栫幇璞°�備笉鍚岀殑璇█鏈変笉鍚岀殑鎬濈淮锛屼汉鏂囨�ф槸璇█鐨勬湰璐ㄥ睘鎬с�傚湪浜虹被鍚勭璇█涓紝姹夎鐨勪汉鏂囩壒鎬у挨涓虹獊鍑猴紝杩欎富瑕佷綋鐜板湪姹夎璇硶鐨勬剰浼氬拰姹夊瓧缁撴瀯鐨勬剰浼氫笂銆傛瘮濡傦紝涓浗鐢ㄢ�滃崄涓�鈥濊〃绀轰竴涓��10鈥濆拰涓�涓��1鈥濈浉鍔狅紝杩欑琛ㄨ揪鏂瑰紡璁╀汉寰堝鏄撶悊瑙ｂ�滃崄涓�鈥濈殑鍚箟銆傚湪缁撴瀯鏂归潰锛屾眽瀛楃敤涓変釜鈥滀汉鈥濊〃绀衡�滀紬鈥濓紝涓変釜鈥滅伀鈥濊〃绀衡�滅劚鈥濓紝涓変釜鈥滄湪鈥濊〃绀衡�滄．鈥濈瓑锛岃繖绉嶆瀯瀛楁柟寮忎篃鍙嶆槧浜嗕汉浠涓栫晫鐨勮璇嗐�傛墍浠ワ紝绗﹀彿鏈韩鐨勫舰寮忓氨浼犺揪鐫�鏌愮浜虹被璁よ瘑涓栫晫鐨勬柟寮忥紝涓嶅悓鐨勭鍙峰浜虹被鎬濈淮鏈変笉鍚岀殑褰卞搷锛屼笉鍚岀被鍨嬬殑鎬濈淮鍙堝湪鏌愮绋嬪害涓婂奖鍝嶇潃浜轰滑璇█鐨勫彂灞曘�傛墍浠ュ闀垮拰鏁欏笀搴旇鍦ㄨ瑷�娲诲姩涓寚瀵煎効绔ヨ璇嗘湰姘戞棌璇█鐙壒鐨勮〃杈炬柟寮忥紝璁╁効绔ヤ簡瑙ｆ洿澶氭湰姘戞棌璇█鐨勭壒鐐广��
+ </p>
+ <p class="left"><span class="bj2">鐩稿叧閾炬帴</span></p>
+ <div class="tp-5-1">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-1" alt="" src="../../images/tb-5.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p class="center">
+ <span class="zt-ls1"
+ >姹夎鍜岃嫳璇湪鏁板琛ㄨ揪鏂瑰紡涓婄殑宸紓<a id="w4"></a
+ ><a href="chapter002.html#m4"><sup>[4]</sup></a></span
+ >
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 姹夎鍜岃嫳璇腑鐨勬暟瀛楀湪琛ㄨ揪鏂瑰紡涓婄殑鍖哄埆锛屽彲鑳芥槸鍎跨鏃╂湡鏁板鎺屾彙绋嬪害鏈夊樊寮傜殑鍘熷洜銆傛暟瀛�11銆�12銆�13鍦ㄦ眽璇腑琛ㄨ堪涓哄崄涓�銆佸崄浜屻�佸崄涓夛紝杩欏皢甯姪涓浗鍎跨灏藉揩鍦板涔犺繖浜涙暟瀛楋紝鑰岀編鍥藉効绔ユ墍浣跨敤鐨勬暟瀛楀崟璇嶅氨鏇寸壒娈婁竴浜涳紝鏁板瓧11銆�12銆�13琛ㄨ堪涓哄湪鑻辫涓璭leven銆乼welve銆乼hirteen銆傛眽璇殑琛ㄨ揪鏂瑰紡鏈夊姪浜庡効绔ョ悊瑙ｅ湪鈥�13鈥濅腑鏁板瓧鈥�1鈥濅唬琛ㄧ殑鏄��10鈥濓紝鑰屼笉鏄��1鈥濓紝鐩告瘮涔嬩笅锛岃嫳璇〃绀�10锝�20鐨勫崟璇嶆槸涓嶈鍒欑殑锛岃〃杈剧殑涔熶笉鏄崄浣嶅拰涓綅缁勫悎鐨勬剰鎬濓紝鎵�浠ュ効绔ョ悊瑙ｆ暟瀛椾篃璁镐細鏇村洶闅句簺銆�
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m4"></a><a href="chapter002.html#w4">[4]</a> SHAFFER D
+ R.鍙戝睍蹇冪悊瀛︼細鍎跨涓庨潚灏戝勾锛籑锛�.閭规硴锛岀瓑锛岃瘧.鍖椾含锛氫腑鍥借交宸ヤ笟鍑虹増绀撅紝2005锛�37.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="page-box" page="35">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(35) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">027</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍杩囩▼鏄竴涓湅浼艰嚜鐒讹紝瀹炲垯寮傚父澶嶆潅鐨勮繃绋嬶紝杩欎釜杩囩▼鍙楀埌寰堝鍥犵礌鐨勭患鍚堜綔鐢ㄣ�傛暀甯堛�佸闀垮拰绀句細蹇呴』姝ｇ‘璁よ瘑鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鐨勫奖鍝嶅洜绱狅紝涓哄叾璇█鍙戝睍鍒涢�犺壇濂界殑璇█鐜銆�
+ </p>
+ <h2 id="b005">绗笁鑺傘��瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍涓庢暀鑲�</h2>
+ <p>
+ 0锝�6宀佸効绔ョ殑璇█鍙戝睍鏄竴涓繛缁殑銆佹湁瑙勫緥鐨勶紝浠庨噺鍙樺埌璐ㄥ彉鐨勮繃绋嬨�傚鍓嶆湡鏄汉涓�鐢熶腑鎺屾彙璇█鏈�涓鸿繀閫熺殑鏃舵湡锛屼篃鏄渶鍏抽敭鐨勬椂鏈熴�傞�氬父鏍规嵁涓嶅悓鐨勫彂灞曠壒鐐规妸鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鍒掑垎涓烘棦杩炵画鍙堝悇鏈夌壒寰佺殑鍑犱釜闃舵銆傚浜庝笉鍚屽効绔ユ潵璇达紝姣忎釜闃舵鍙戝睍鐨勫叿浣撶壒鐐规棦鏈夋櫘閬嶆�у張鏈変釜浣撳樊寮傛�с��
+ </p>
+ <h3 id="c012">涓�銆�0锝�3宀佸効绔ヨ瑷�鍙戝睍涓庢暀鑲�</h3>
+ <p>
+ 3宀佸墠鍎跨铏戒笉鑳界啛缁冩帉鎻″彛璇紝浣嗘闃舵鏄汉涓�鐢熶腑瀛︿範璇█鏈�杩呴�熷拰鏈�鍏抽敭鐨勬椂鏈燂紝鎴愪汉搴斿垱璁捐壇濂界殑璇█鐜涓哄効绔ユ劅鍙楀拰瀛︿範璇█濂犲畾鍩虹銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d025">锛堜竴锛�0锝�1宀佸効绔ヨ瑷�鍙戝睍涓庢暀鑲�</h4>
+ <h5 id="e029">1.璇█鍙戝睍闃舵涓庣壒鐐�</h5>
+ <p>
+ 0锝�1宀佸効绔ョ殑璇█鍙戝睍涓昏琛ㄧ幇鍦ㄨ闊崇殑鍙戝睍涓娿�傚洿缁曡闊筹紝鍎跨涓昏鍙戝睍浜嗕笁涓柟闈㈢殑鑳藉姏锛屽嵆鍓嶈瑷�鎰熺煡鑳藉姏銆佸墠璇█鍙戦煶鑳藉姏鍜屽墠璇█浜ら檯鑳藉姏銆傝繖涓夌鑳藉姏鐨勮幏寰楁槸鍎跨椤哄埄杩涘叆杩愮敤璇█闃舵鐨勫繀澶囨潯浠躲��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�1锛夌畝鍗曢煶鑺傞樁娈碉紙0锝�3涓湀锛夈��</p>
+ <p>
+ 濠村効鍒氬嚭鐢熷氨瀵硅闊宠緝鏁忔劅锛屼笖鏈変竴瀹氱殑杈ㄩ煶鑳藉姏銆傚綋鎴戜滑瀵圭潃鏂扮敓鍎胯璇濇椂锛屼粬浠粡甯镐細鐫佸紑鐪肩潧锛岀洴鐫�璁茶瘽鑰咃紝鏈夋椂鐢氳嚦浼氬彂鍑哄０闊筹紱鍑虹敓鍑犲ぉ鍚庣殑鏂扮敓鍎垮氨鑳借鲸璁ゅ嚭鑷繁姣嶄翰鐨勫０闊筹紱鏂扮敓鍎垮惉鍒颁汉鍙戝嚭鐨勫０闊虫瘮鍚埌涔愬櫒鍙戝嚭鐨勫０闊宠〃鐜板緱鍚稿惍閫熷害蹇紱1涓湀鐨勫┐鍎夸究鑳藉鍜屾垚浜轰竴鏍疯鲸璁よ緟闊炽��<a
+ id="w5"
+ ></a
+ ><a href="chapter002.html#m5"><sup>[5]</sup></a
+ >濠村効鍦�2涓湀宸﹀彸鐨勬椂鍊欒繕鑳藉彂鍑虹被浼煎厓闊崇殑澹伴煶锛屽湪缁欏┐鍎垮杺濂跺悗浼氬惉鍒板鈥渙ooohs鈥濆拰鈥渙oooas鈥濈瓑鐨勫０闊炽��2涓湀鐨勫┐鍎跨敋鑷宠兘澶熻瘑鍒嚭涓嶅悓浜虹敤涓嶅悓闊宠皟鎴栬�呭己搴﹁鍑虹殑鐗瑰畾闊崇礌锛堝鐖舵瘝鍙叾鍚嶅瓧鐨勫０闊筹級銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夎繛缁煶鑺傞樁娈碉紙4锝�9涓湀锛夈��</p>
+ <p>
+ 杩欎竴闃舵锛屽┐鍎挎槑鏄炬椿璺冭捣鏉ャ�備粬浠湪鎰熻鑸掗�傛椂浼氳嚜鍔ㄥ彂鍑哄悇绉嶅０闊筹紝灏ゅ叾鏄湪鎴愪汉鍜屼粬浠帺鑰嶇殑鏃跺�欙紝鍙戦煶浼氭洿棰戠箒銆�4锝�6涓湀鐨勬椂鍊欙紝濠村効鍙戦煶涓鍔犱簡杈呴煶锛屽鈥渕amama鈥濇垨鈥減apapa鈥濈瓑澹伴煶锛屼粬浠惉鍒版垚浜鸿璋冩椂锛屽父甯歌兘鍙戝嚭鍜屾垚浜鸿璋冪浉鍖归厤鐨勫０闊炽�傝繖涓樁娈碉紝濠村効涓嶄粎鑳藉鍖哄垎鍚勭澹伴煶锛岃�屼笖鑳藉鐞嗚В鐗瑰畾璇皟鎵�鍏锋湁鐨勬剰涔夈�傚ぇ绾�6涓湀涔嬪悗锛屽┐鍎胯兘鎰熺煡涓嶅悓鐨勮璋冿紝骞朵笖浼氱敤涓嶅悓鐨勬柟
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="36">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(36) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">028</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 寮忓洖搴斿叾鍚埌鐨勮璋冦�傚┐鍎垮湪鎰熺煡璇煶鏃惰兘鍒嗚鲸鍑轰笉鍚岀殑璇皟銆佽姘斿拰闊宠壊锛屼粬浠悊瑙ｈ瑷�鐨勬按骞冲張鎻愰珮浜嗕竴姝ャ��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�3锛夊璇濊悓鑺介樁娈碉紙10锝�12涓湀锛夈��</p>
+ <p>
+ 10锝�12涓湀鐨勫┐鍎夸笉浠呰兘澶熷彂鍑虹浉鍚岄煶鑺傜殑璇煶锛屼篃鑳藉鍙戝嚭涓嶅悓闊宠妭鐨勮繛缁闊筹紝姣斿锛屼粬浠兘澶熷彂鍑轰竴杩炰覆瀵屾湁鍙樺寲鐨勮緟闊冲姞鍏冮煶鐨勯煶鑺傦紱浠栦滑杩樿兘妯′豢涓�浜涢潪璇█鐨勫０闊虫垨鎴愪汉鍙戝嚭鐨勬柊澹伴煶锛屽鍜冲椊鎴栫敤鑸屽ご鎵撳嚭鍝嶅０锛涙闃舵鍎跨鑳藉灏嗕粬鍙戝嚭鐨勮璋冨拰鍚埌澹伴煶鐨勮璋冨尮閰嶈捣鏉ワ紝璁╂垚浜烘劅瑙変粬浠槸鍦ㄨ璇濓紝浣嗚繖浜涒�滆瘽鈥濇剰涔変笉鏄庣‘锛涗粬浠凡缁忚兘澶熺悊瑙ｅ苟鎵ц涓�浜涚畝鍗曠殑鎸囦护鎬ц瑷�锛屽鎴愪汉璇粹�滆窡濂跺ザ璇村啀瑙佲�濓紝濠村効浼氭尌鎸ュ皬鎵嬶紱10涓湀宸﹀彸锛屽鏁板┐鍎胯兘澶熻鍑虹涓�涓湁鎰忎箟鐨勮瘝锛屽鈥滃濡堚�濈瓑銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e030">2.璇█鏁欒偛娲诲姩寤鸿</h5>
+ <p>锛�1锛変负濠村効鎻愪緵涓板瘜鐨勮瑷�鍒烘縺鐜锛岃鍙戝叾涓嶆柇鍙戦煶銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 濠村効鐨勯潪鑷帶鎬у彂闊冲鏁版槸鍦ㄥ拰鎴愪汉鐨勭帺閫椾腑鍙戝嚭鐨勶紝濡傛灉璇█鍒烘縺姣旇緝涓板瘜锛屽┐鍎垮彲鑳芥洿鏃╁湴寮�鍙ｈ璇濄�傛墍浠ュ闀垮簲璇ョ敤涓板瘜鐨勯潰閮ㄨ〃鎯呫�佸瘜鏈夊彉鍖栫殑闊宠皟灏嗗┐鍎跨殑娉ㄦ剰鍔涘惛寮曞埌璇煶涓婃潵銆傛垚浜哄簲璇ユ姄浣忎竴鍒囨椂鏈哄拰濠村効璇磋瘽锛岃濠村効鍠滄鍚埆浜鸿璇濓紝璁粌浠栦滑鑹ソ鐨勫惉鍔涗範鎯�傚綋濠村効鍙戝嚭鏌愪簺澹伴煶鏃讹紝鎴愪汉瑕佷互姝ｉ潰鐨勫埡婵�寮哄寲濠村効鐨勮繖绉嶅彂闊炽��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夎瑷�鏁欒偛鍜岃璇嗗懆鍥翠簨鐗╁悓姝ヨ繘琛屻��</p>
+ <p>
+ 1宀佸乏鍙冲効绔ュ凡缁忔帴瑙﹀埌寰堝鐢熸椿鐢ㄥ搧鍜岀帺鍏枫�傛垚浜哄湪涓哄効绔ュ睍绀烘煇涓墿鍝佹椂瑕佸憡璇夊効绔ヨ繖涓墿鍝佺殑鍚嶅瓧銆佺敤閫斻�佸舰鐘剁瓑銆傝繖鏍峰彲浠ヨ璇煶鍜屽疄鐗╀箣闂村缓绔嬭緝涓虹ǔ鍥虹殑鑱旂郴锛屼负浠ュ悗鍎跨鐞嗚В鍜岃璇濇墦涓嬪熀纭�銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�3锛変负濠村効鎻愪緵閫傚悎鐨勬棭鏈熼槄璇汇��</p>
+ <p>
+ 濠村効鍦ㄦ弧鏈堜箣鍚庡氨琛ㄧ幇鍑哄棰滆壊鍜屽舰鐘剁殑鍏磋叮锛屾垚浜哄彲浠ラ�夋嫨涓�浜涢�傚悎杩欎釜闃舵鐨勮鐗╋紝濡傚僵鑹插浘鐗囥�佸浘褰€�佺敾鍐岀瓑鎸囩偣缁欏┐鍎块槄璇汇�傚ぇ绾�6涓湀鐨勫┐鍎胯兘澶熸劅鍙椾笉鍚岀殑璇皟锛屾垚浜哄簲璇ヤ互涓板瘜鐨勮瑷�褰㈠紡涓哄┐鍎块槄璇绘枃瀛︿綔鍝侊紝璁╁┐鍎垮吇鎴愬�惧惉鏂囧浣滃搧鐨勪範鎯��10涓湀宸﹀彸鐨勫┐鍎胯瑷�娲诲姩鏇翠负娲昏穬锛屽闀垮簲璇ュ煿鍏诲┐鍎胯壇濂界殑闃呰涔犳儻锛屾瘮濡傦紝鏁欎細濠村効姝ｇ‘鐨勬嬁涔﹀Э鍔裤�侀槄璇诲悗鏀惧洖鍘熶綅缃瓑銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d026">锛堜簩锛�1锝�2宀佸効绔ヨ瑷�鍙戝睍涓庢暀鑲�</h4>
+ <h5 id="e031">1.璇█鍙戝睍闃舵涓庣壒鐐�</h5>
+ <p>锛�1锛夊崟璇嶅彞闃舵锛�1锝�1.5宀侊級銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 1宀佸乏鍙筹紝鍎跨鑳藉鍙戝嚭鏈夋剰涔夌殑璇煶锛屼絾杩欑璇煶闈炲父绠�鍗曪紝寰�寰�鏄竴涓釜鐨勫瓧锛岃�岃繖涓瓧甯稿父浠ｈ〃涓�鏁村彞璇濈殑鎰忔�濓紝杩欑璇█褰㈠紡琚О涓哄崟璇嶅彞銆傚ぇ绾�1宀佸崐鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍎跨鑳藉鍙戝嚭鍜屾垚浜烘瘮杈冪浉浼肩殑璇煶銆備絾鏄拰鏍囧噯鐨勬垚浜鸿闊宠繕鏈夎緝澶х殑宸窛锛岃繖绉嶅樊璺濅富瑕佽〃鐜颁负锛氫粬浠細鎶婂闊宠妭璇嶉潪閲嶈閮ㄥ垎鐪佺暐锛屾垨鑰呯敤鍏冮煶浠ｆ浛杈呴煶锛屽鎶娾�渓蓱o鈥濊鎴愨�溕憃鈥濄�傝繖涓樁娈靛効绔ヨ兘澶熻鍑哄拰鐞嗚В鐨勮瘝姹囧鏁版槸閭ｄ簺鑷�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="37">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(37) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">029</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 宸辩粡甯告憜寮勭殑鐗╀綋鐨勫悕绉帮紙濡傝溅杞︺�佸▋濞冪瓑锛夛紝褰撶劧涔熷寘鎷墍鐔熸倝鐨勪汉锛岃�屽閭ｄ簺鑷繁涓嶈兘绉诲姩鐨勭墿浣擄紙濡傜洏瀛愩�佸簥绛夛級璇村嚭鐨勬鐜囪緝浣庛�傚崟璇嶅彞闃舵锛屽効绔ヨ繕浼氬嚭鐜扳�滀互闊充唬鐗┾�濈殑鐜拌薄锛屽鐢ㄢ�滄豹姹�濅唬琛ㄧ嫍锛岀敤鈥滃柕鍠碘�濅唬琛ㄧ尗绛夈��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 铏界劧姝ら樁娈靛効绔ヨ瑷�鑳藉姏鏈変簡寰堝ぇ杩涙锛屼絾鏄湪浣跨敤璇嶇殑杩囩▼涓繕鏄細鍑虹幇寰堝閿欒锛岃繖浜涢敊璇泦涓簬杩囧害娉涘寲鍜屾墿灞曚笉瓒充袱鏂归潰銆傝繃搴︽硾鍖栦富瑕佹槸鎸囧効绔ュ湪浣跨敤鐗规畩鎸囦唬鐨勫崟璇嶆椂鎬绘槸鎶婅瘝鐨勬剰涔夋墿灞曞埌鏇村ぇ鐨勮寖鍥村唴锛屽鐢ㄢ�滅嫍鐙椻�濇寚浠ｆ墍鏈夌殑鍥涙潯鑵跨殑鍔ㄧ墿锛涙墿灞曚笉瓒虫槸鎸囧効绔ョ敤涓�鑸寲鐨勫崟璇嶆寚浠ｇ壒瀹氱殑浜嬬墿锛屽浠栦滑鏈�鏃╃悊瑙ｇ殑鈥滆溅杞︹�濆氨鏄寚鑷繁鐨勫┐鍎胯溅鎴栫帺鍏疯溅锛岃�屼笉鏄墍鏈夌殑浜ら�氳繍杈撳伐鍏枫��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夊弻璇嶅彞闃舵锛�1.5锝�2宀侊級銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鍎跨鍦�1宀佸崐浠ュ悗锛岃璇濈殑绉瀬鎬ф槑鏄炬彁楂橈紝涓昏琛ㄧ幇鍦ㄤ粬浠涔犲崟璇嶇殑閫熷害澧炲揩锛屾瘡鍛ㄥ彲鑳藉鍔�10锝�20涓柊璇嶆眹锛岃繖娈垫椂闂磋绉颁负鈥滆瘝姹囩垎鐐搁樁娈碘�濄�備粬浠紑濮嬪皢鍗曡瘝缁勬垚绠�鍗曠殑鍙ュ瓙锛屼緥濡傦紝鈥滅埜鐖告姳鈥濃�滃濡堝潗鍧愨�濈瓑銆傚効绔ヨ兘澶熻鍑虹殑杩欎簺绠�鍗曠殑鍙ュ瓙琚О涓哄弻璇嶅彞鎴栤�滅數鎶ュ彞鈥濓紝鍥犱负杩欎簺鍙ュ瓙鐨勫舰寮忓拰鐢垫姤鐩镐技锛屽彧淇濈暀浜嗗彞瀛愪腑鏈�閲嶈鐨勬垚鍒嗭紝鑰岀渷鐣ヤ簡璇稿鍐犺瘝銆佷粙璇嶇瓑淇グ璇嶃�傚湪1锝�2宀侊紝鍎跨瀵规湁鏁堟矡閫氱殑鍚勭鎶�宸у彉寰楄秺鏉ヨ秺鏁忔劅锛屾瘮濡傦紝2宀佸乏鍙崇殑鍎跨鐭ラ亾璇磋瘽瑕佷竴鍏堜竴鍚庝氦鏇垮彂闊筹紱鐭ラ亾鍦ㄨ璇濈殑鏃跺�欒鐪嬬潃瀵规柟銆傝繖绉嶆湁鏁堟矡閫氱殑鎶�宸у湪2宀佷互鍚庝細蹇�熷彂灞曪紝姣斿锛�2锝�3宀佺殑鍎跨鐢氳嚦鐭ラ亾鍜屽埆浜鸿璇濆氨瑕佺瀵规柟杩戜竴浜涳紝浠栦滑浼氬湪鎴愪汉璇В浠栦滑鎰忔�濈殑鏃跺�欏仛鍑鸿ˉ鍏呰В閲婄瓑銆傝櫧鐒舵闃舵鍏舵矡閫氭妧鑳芥湁浜嗗緢澶х殑杩涙锛屼絾鎬讳綋鏉ヨ姘村钩涓嶉珮锛岃繖绉嶈兘鍔涗細闅忕潃骞撮緞鐨勫闀块�愭笎瀹屽杽锛屼娇寰椾粬浠兘澶熷湪鍏ュ辜鍎垮洯涔嬪墠鎷ユ湁姣旇緝濂界殑璇█鑳藉姏銆�
+ </p>
+ <div class="bk">
+ <div class="bk1">
+ <p><span class="bj2">骞煎効鍥暀甯堣祫鏍艰瘉鑰冭瘯路鐪熼鍐嶇幇</span></p>
+ <div class="tp-2">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-1" alt="" src="../../images/tb-1.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p class="center"><b>2016骞翠笂鍗婂勾銆婁繚鏁欑煡璇嗕笌鑳藉姏銆嬬湡棰�</b></p>
+ <ul
+ class="mr-0"
+ v-for="(item, index) in example[0].unit"
+ :key="'exampleOne' + index"
+ >
+ <li>锛堝崟閫夐锛墈{ item.txt }}銆�</li>
+ <li
+ class="inputChoice"
+ v-for="(citem, cindex) in item.option"
+ :key="cindex"
+ >
+ <label>
+ <input
+ type="radio"
+ :disabled="example[0].isComplete"
+ :name="item.txt"
+ :value="citem.value"
+ v-model="item.userAnswer"
+ @change="saveExample('exampleOne', example[0])"
+ />
+ <span>{{ citem.value }} . {{ citem.txt }}</span>
+ </label>
+ </li>
+ <li
+ v-if="example[0].isShowAnswer"
+ class="event-header-text-bc pd-5 fl jc-sa"
+ >
+ <span class="c-g"> 绛旀锛歿{ item.answer }}</span>
+ <span
+ :class="{ 'c-g': item.isRight, 'c-r': item.isRight == false }"
+ >鎮ㄧ殑绛旀锛歿{ item.userAnswer }}</span
+ >
+ <span class="icon-box-big fl al-c">
+ <svg
+ v-if="item.isRight"
+ t="1716986419862"
+ class="icon"
+ viewBox="0 0 1820 1024"
+ version="1.1"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ p-id="18767"
+ xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+ width="40"
+ height="20"
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+ <path
+ d="M1439.374222 216.007111s-169.472 56.490667-367.179852 282.443852C888.6044444 703.222519 846.241185 787.949037 775.632593 900.93037 768.568889 893.866667 662.651259 689.095111 380.207407 540.814222l148.290371-141.226666s134.162963 91.790222 225.953185 261.262222c0 0 233.016889-360.116148 684.923259-536.642371v91.799704z m0 0"
+ fill="#1AFA29"
+ p-id="18768"
+ ></path>
+ </svg>
+ <svg
+ v-if="item.isRight == false"
+ t="1716987085767"
+ class="icon"
+ viewBox="0 0 1024 1024"
+ version="1.1"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ p-id="25745"
+ xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+ width="20"
+ height="20"
+ >
+ <path
+ d="M116.579135 38.64349531L38.703935 103.74399781c138.82075969 102.96027281 268.24660875 221.31426938 381.68489719 339.96758156C246.29374906 618.40145938 109.95003031 790.19602344 38.10817906 859.25288281l148.35573469 123.62658094c52.61360812-108.17625656 167.23381594-272.86683656 320.56281844-445.01635875 153.50744156 173.21056312 268.36844625 338.43166313 321.38977781 447.49243969 0 0 144.5682225-152.96636906 157.47435281-129.29729625-55.80632344-62.49011156-191.37776625-244.16501625-374.17990593-430.27403438 104.68422375-107.1132975 222.15274031-213.10127719 347.60304468-306.24740437L925.17746562 56.03842156C782.85412063 126.51895625 647.69328031 231.09093594 526.07845437 342.39755 403.34886594 226.82662719 264.46095125 116.16373719 116.579135 38.64349531L116.579135 38.64349531zM116.579135 38.64349531"
+ fill="#d81e06"
+ p-id="25746"
+ ></path>
+ </svg>
+ </span>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ <div class="w100 fl ju-cn">
+ <ul class="fl ju-ev w80 choice">
+ <li>
+ <button
+ class="btn-border btn-w"
+ @click="goExample(example[0])"
+ >
+ 鎻愪氦
+ </button>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <button
+ @click="
+ changeExample(example[0], example[0].unit, 'exampleOne')
+ "
+ class="btn-border btn-w"
+ >
+ 閲嶅仛
+ </button>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <button
+ @click="example[0].isShowAnswer = !example[0].isShowAnswer"
+ class="parimary-btn"
+ >
+ 鏌ョ湅绛旀
+ </button>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <h5 id="e032">2.璇█鏁欒偛娲诲姩寤鸿</h5>
+ <p>锛�1锛夋墿澶у効绔ヨ瘝姹囬噺銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鍦ㄨ繖涓樁娈碉紝搴旇鎶婃暀鑲查噸鐐规斁鍦ㄦ墿澶у効绔ヨ瘝姹囬噺涓婏紝涓嶇鏄効绔ヨ兘澶熻鍑虹殑鈥滆瘝鈥濊繕鏄効绔ュ彧鑳藉鐞嗚В鐨勨�滆瘝鈥濓紝閮藉簲璇ュ姞鍏ュ涔犺鍒掍箣涓�傚湪瀛︿範杩囩▼涓鐢ㄧ畝鐭殑璇彞涓斾笉鏂噸澶嶆柊瀛︿範鐨勮瘝銆傛瘮濡傦紝鈥滅伀杞︹�濃�滄苯杞︹�濃�滆嚜琛岃溅鈥濈瓑锛屽湪璇烩�滆溅鈥濈殑鏃跺�欏簲璇ラ�傚綋鍔犻噸澶勭悊銆�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="38">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(38) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">030</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>锛�2锛夋垚浜哄拰鍎跨浜ゆ祦杩囩▼涓灏介噺瑙勮寖浣跨敤璇█銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 姝ら樁娈靛効绔ュ璇█鏈夋槑鏄剧殑鏁忔劅鎬э紝浠栦滑浼氭ā浠夸竴鍒囧彲浠ユā浠跨殑璇█褰㈠紡锛屾墍浠ユ垚浜哄簲璇ユ敞鎰忎娇鐢ㄤ赴瀵岀殑闈㈤儴琛ㄦ儏銆佸瘜鏈夊彉鍖栫殑璇皟鍜岃鑼冩纭殑鍙戦煶鏉ヤ负鍎跨鎻愪緵妯′豢鑼冧緥銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�3锛夊埄鐢ㄥ绉嶅舰寮忎赴瀵屽効绔ヨ瑷�瀛︿範閫斿緞銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鍎跨鏂囧浣滃搧銆佸姩鐢荤墖銆佽瑷�娓告垙绛夐兘鏄効绔ュ枩娆㈢殑娲诲姩绫诲瀷锛屾暀甯堝湪杩涜璇█鏁欒偛鏃跺簲鎶婃暀鑲茶绱犺瀺鍏ユ椿鍔ㄤ腑锛岃鍎跨鍦ㄦ椿鍔ㄨ繃绋嬩腑瀛︿範璇█锛岃繖鏍峰紑灞曡瑷�鏁欒偛娲诲姩鍙互澧炲己鍎跨浣跨敤璇█鐨勫叴瓒ｅ拰绉瀬鎬с��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�4锛変赴瀵屽効绔ョ敓娲汇��</p>
+ <p>
+ 鍎跨鑳藉璇村嚭鐨勫崟璇嶅鏁版槸鑷繁鑳藉鎽嗗紕鍜岀Щ鍔ㄧ殑鐗╀綋鍚嶇О銆傛墍浠ワ紝鍎跨鐨勭敓娲荤幆澧冭秺涓板瘜锛屼粬浠兘澶熸憜寮勫拰绉诲姩鐨勭墿浣撴暟閲忓強绫诲瀷涔熷氨瓒婂锛屽湪杩欐牱涓板瘜鐨勭幆澧冧腑锛屽効绔ユ洿鍊惧悜浜庝娇鐢ㄨ瑷�琛ㄨ揪浠栦滑鐨勬墍瑙佹墍鎯筹紝杩欏氨澧炲姞浜嗗効绔ヤ富鍔ㄤ娇鐢ㄨ瑷�鐨勬満浼氾紝淇冭繘浜嗗効绔ヨ瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勫彂灞曘��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�5锛夊皢鏁欏効绔ヨ璇濅笌璁よ瘑鍛ㄥ洿浜嬬墿鍚屾杩涜銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 1宀佸乏鍙崇殑鍎跨锛屽凡缁忔帴瑙﹀埌寰堝鐢熸椿鐢ㄥ搧鍜岀帺鍏凤紝鎴愪汉瑕佸埄鐢ㄨ繖涓暀鑲叉満浼氾紝鍦ㄥ皢鐗╀綋鍛堢幇缁欏効绔ョ殑鍚屾椂鏁欏叾鍙戦煶銆傚湪瀵瑰効绔ヨ鏌愪釜鐗╀綋鏃讹紝灏辫鎸囪繖涓墿浣撶粰鍎跨鐪嬶紝鍦ㄤ粬浠叿浣撶殑鐢熸椿鎯呭涓紝鎴愪汉搴旇鏈夋剰璇嗗湴鍛婅瘔浠栦滑涓�浜涘父瑙佺墿鍝佺殑鍚嶇О锛岃浠栦滑灏嗚闊冲拰鐗╁搧寤虹珛鍥哄畾鐨勮仈绯汇��
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d027">锛堜笁锛�2锝�3宀佸効绔ヨ瑷�鍙戝睍涓庢暀鑲�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 2锝�3宀佺殑鍎跨閫愭笎鎺屾彙浜嗗熀鏈殑鍙ｈ琛ㄨ揪锛屼粬浠紑濮嬩娇鐢ㄥ悎涔庤娉曡鍒欑殑銆佽緝涓哄畬鏁寸殑璇彞琛ㄨ揪瑙傜偣銆傝闃舵琚О涓衡�滃鍚堝彞闃舵鈥濓紝鍙堝彲鍒嗕负鍒濇鎺屾彙鍙ｈ闃舵鍜岀洰鏍囧彛璇垵姝ュ彂灞曢樁娈点��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e033">1.璇█鍙戝睍闃舵涓庣壒鐐�</h5>
+ <p>锛�1锛夊垵姝ユ帉鎻″彛璇樁娈碉紙2锝�2.5宀侊級銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 姝ら樁娈靛効绔ョ殑鍙戦煶鍣ㄥ畼鏃ヨ秼鎴愮啛锛屽効绔ュ湪鍙戦煶涓婂嚭鐜扮殑鍥伴毦涓庨敊璇篃閫愭笎鍑忓皯銆傚効绔ュ熀鏈兘澶熷彂鍑烘墍鏈夌殑鍞囬煶锛堝b銆乸銆乵銆乫绛夛級锛屼絾鏄垖闊筹紙濡倆銆乧銆乻銆乨銆乼銆乶銆乴銆亃h銆乧h銆乻h銆乺绛夛級杩樻湁涓�浜涘洶闅撅紝瑕佸畬鍏ㄥ厠鏈嶈繖浜涘洶闅撅紝闇�瑕佸埌3宀佷互鍚庛�傝瑷�閫愭笎绋冲畾鍜岃鑼冿紝鑳借繍鐢ㄥ绉嶇畝鍗曞彞涓庢垚浜轰氦娴侊紝澶嶅悎鍙ヤ篃鍒濇鍙戝睍锛涘枩娆㈢敤鐤戦棶鍙ヨ幏鍙栬嚜宸遍渶瑕佺殑鐭ヨ瘑锛涗粬浠繕鑳藉杩愮敤璇█杩涜璇锋眰銆佹嫆缁濄�佽偗瀹氥�佹眰鍔╃瓑锛屽苟瀛︿細鍊惧惉鍒汉鐨勮璇濄��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夌洰鏍囧彛璇垵姝ュ彂灞曢樁娈碉紙2.5锝�3宀侊級銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鍦�2.5锝�3宀侊紝鍎跨鎺屾彙璇嶆眹鐨勯�熷害鏄庢樉鍔犲揩锛岀敱鍘熸潵鐨�1骞磋兘澶熸帉鎻″ぇ绾�300涓瘝鐚涘鍒�1骞磋兘澶熸帉鎻�1000涓瘝宸﹀彸銆傚効绔ユ帉鎻¤瘝姹囩殑绉嶇被鍜屽唴瀹归兘鏈夊緢澶ф墿鍏呫�傚湪浣跨敤鍗曡瘝鏃讹紝鍑虹幇杩囧害娉涘寲鍜屾墿灞曚笉瓒崇殑娆℃暟鏄庢樉鍑忓皯锛屽緢澶氬効绔ュ凡缁忕煡閬擄紝鏌愪簺鐗瑰畾鐨勮瘝浠ｈ〃浜嗕竴绫讳簨鐗┿�傛闃舵鍎跨鍩烘湰鑳藉鐢ㄦ瘮杈冨畬鏁寸殑鍙ュ瓙涓庝汉浜ゆ祦锛�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="page-box" page="39">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(39) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">31</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 浠栦滑鎵�浣跨敤鐨勫彞瀛愪腑锛岄檲杩板彞鍗犲ぇ澶氭暟锛屽緢澶氬効绔ョ敋鑷宠兘澶熺敤绠�鍗曠殑澶嶅悎鍙ュ幓琛ㄨ揪鑷繁鐨勬兂娉曘��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 铏界劧姝ら樁娈靛効绔ュ湪浣跨敤鍙ュ瓙鏂归潰鏈夋槑鏄剧殑杩涙锛屼絾琛ㄨ揪姘村钩杩樻瘮杈冧綆锛岄儴鍒嗗効绔ヨ繕蹇呴』杈呭姪琛ㄦ儏銆佸姩浣滄潵瀹屾垚浜ゆ祦銆傚効绔ヤ娇鐢ㄧ殑璇█澶氭暟杩樺浜庢儏澧冩�у璇濈殑璇█闃舵锛屽効绔ョ嫭绔嬪彊杩扮殑姘村钩杩樻瘮杈冧綆銆傛墍浠ヨ鐞嗚В鍎跨鎵�璇寸殑璇濓紝杩橀渶瑕佺粨鍚堣璇濇椂鐨勫叿浣撴儏澧冦��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e034">2.璇█鏁欒偛娲诲姩寤鸿</h5>
+ <p>锛�1锛夊湪鏃ュ父鐢熸椿涓负鍎跨鍒涜鑹ソ鐨勮瑷�鐜锛岄紦鍔卞効绔ュ璇磋瘽銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鏃ュ父鐢熸椿涓紝瀹堕暱瑕佸拰鍎跨澶氫氦璋堬紝鎻愪緵璇█妯′豢鐨勮寖渚嬶紝闅忔椂闅忓湴鍒╃敤鐜涓殑鏁欒偛濂戞満甯姪鍎跨鎺屾彙鏂拌瘝锛屾墿澶ц瘝姹囬噺銆傛闃舵鐨勫効绔ュ凡缁忚兘澶熻鍑虹畝鍗曠殑鍙ュ瓙锛屽苟涓斿璇█鐨勬晱鎰熷害姣旇緝楂橈紝瀹堕暱瑕侀紦鍔卞効绔ュ湪绌胯。銆佸悆楗�佹礂婢°�佹父鎴忕瓑杩囩▼涓鐢ㄥ彞瀛愯〃杈捐嚜宸辩殑瑙傜偣銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夎繍鐢ㄥ効姝屻�佹晠浜嬬瓑鏂囧浣滃搧鍙戝睍鍎跨鐨勮瑷�鑳藉姏銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 鍎挎瓕銆佹晠浜嬬瓑鏂囧浣滃搧锛岀鍚堝効绔ョ殑蹇冪悊鐗圭偣锛屾槗浜庤鍎跨鐞嗚В鍜屾帴鍙楋紝鏄闀垮悜瀛╁瓙杩涜鍝佸痉鏁欒偛銆佺煡璇嗘暀鑲层�佽瑷�鏁欒偛鐨勯閫夋柟寮忋�傚闀垮簲璇ヨ鍎跨鍦ㄥ惉鏂囧浣滃搧鐨勫悓鏃讹紝妯′豢浣滃搧涓悇绉嶅舰璞＄殑璇█锛屾瘮濡傦紝濡堝鍦ㄨ瀹屽皬绾㈠附鐨勬晠浜嬪悗锛屽彲榧撳姳鍎跨妯′豢澶х伆鐙煎拰灏忕孩甯界殑瀵硅瘽锛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ヨ鍎跨鍦ㄥū涔愪腑缁冧範璇磋瘽銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�3锛夊埄鐢ㄦ父鎴忕粌涔犺璇濄��</p>
+ <p>
+ 娓告垙澶╃敓鏄睘浜庡効绔ョ殑锛屽効绔ヤ細鍦ㄦ父鎴忎腑涓轰簡杈惧埌娓告垙鐩殑鑰屼笌鍚屼即鍗忓晢銆佽璁猴紝鍦ㄨ繖涓�杩囩▼涓紝璇█鑳藉姏鑷劧寰楀埌鎻愰珮銆傚湪娓告垙涓紝瀹堕暱鍜屾暀甯堝彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄨ闂�佸缓璁�佸晢璁ㄧ瓑绛栫暐涓嶆柇淇冭繘鍎跨璇█鎶�鑳界殑杩涙銆�
+ </p>
+ <div class="bk">
+ <div class="bk1">
+ <p><span class="bj2">骞煎効鍥暀甯堣祫鏍艰瘉鑰冭瘯路鐪熼鍐嶇幇</span></p>
+ <div class="tp-2">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-1" alt="" src="../../images/tb-1.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p class="center"><b>2012骞翠笂鍗婂勾銆婁繚鏁欑煡璇嗕笌鑳藉姏銆嬬湡棰�</b></p>
+ <ul
+ class="mr-0"
+ v-for="(item, index) in example[1].unit"
+ :key="'exampleTwo' + index"
+ >
+ <li>锛堝崟閫夐锛墈{ item.txt }}銆�</li>
+ <li
+ class="inputChoice"
+ v-for="(citem, cindex) in item.option"
+ :key="cindex"
+ >
+ <label>
+ <input
+ type="radio"
+ :disabled="example[1].isComplete"
+ :name="item.txt"
+ :value="citem.value"
+ v-model="item.userAnswer"
+ @change="saveExample('exampleTwo', example[1])"
+ />
+ <span>{{ citem.value }} . {{ citem.txt }}</span>
+ </label>
+ </li>
+ <li
+ v-if="example[1].isShowAnswer"
+ class="event-header-text-bc pd-5 fl jc-sa"
+ >
+ <span class="c-g"> 绛旀锛歿{ item.answer }}</span>
+ <span
+ :class="{ 'c-g': item.isRight, 'c-r': item.isRight == false }"
+ >鎮ㄧ殑绛旀锛歿{ item.userAnswer }}</span
+ >
+ <span class="icon-box-big fl al-c">
+ <svg
+ v-if="item.isRight"
+ t="1716986419862"
+ class="icon"
+ viewBox="0 0 1820 1024"
+ version="1.1"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ p-id="18767"
+ xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+ width="40"
+ height="20"
+ >
+ <path
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+ fill="#d81e06"
+ p-id="25746"
+ ></path>
+ </svg>
+ </span>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ <div class="w100 fl ju-cn">
+ <ul class="fl ju-ev w80 choice">
+ <li>
+ <button
+ class="btn-border btn-w"
+ @click="goExample(example[1])"
+ >
+ 鎻愪氦
+ </button>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <button
+ @click="
+ changeExample(example[1], example[1].unit, 'exampleTwo')
+ "
+ class="btn-border btn-w"
+ >
+ 閲嶅仛
+ </button>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <button
+ @click="example[1].isShowAnswer = !example[1].isShowAnswer"
+ class="parimary-btn"
+ >
+ 鏌ョ湅绛旀
+ </button>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <h3 id="c013">浜屻��3锝�6宀佸効绔ヨ瑷�鍙戝睍涓庢暀鑲�</h3>
+ <p>
+ 鍎跨杩涘叆骞煎効鏈燂紝鍏剁敓娲昏寖鍥翠笉鏂墿澶э紝澶ц剳鏈鸿兘涓嶆柇瀹屽杽锛岃鐭ヨ兘鍔涗篃鏈変簡寰堝ぇ杩涙锛岃繖浜涢兘淇冧娇骞煎効璇█鑳藉姏鐗瑰埆鏄彛璇〃杈捐兘鍔涘揩閫熷彂灞曘��
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="40">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(40) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">32</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <h4 id="d028">锛堜竴锛夎闊崇殑鍙戝睍涓庢暀鑲�</h4>
+ <h5 id="e035">1.骞煎効璇煶鐨勫彂灞曠壒鐐�</h5>
+ <p>锛�1锛夊熀鏈兘澶熸帉鎻℃湰姘戞棌璇█鐨勫叏閮ㄨ闊炽��</p>
+ <p>
+ 3锝�4宀佺殑骞煎効闊垫瘝鍙戦煶鐨勬纭巼杈冮珮锛屽０姣嶇殑鍙戦煶姝ｇ‘鐜囩◢浣庛�傜敱浜庢闃舵骞煎効鍙戦煶鍣ㄥ畼娌℃湁寰楀埌鍏呭垎鐨勫彂灞曪紝鎵�浠ヤ粬浠彂闊充笉澶熷噯纭�傚湪鍙戞煇浜涘０姣嶆椂锛屽辜鍎跨粡甯稿嚭鐜扮浉浜掓浛浠ｇ殑閿欒锛屽鈥渘鈥濆拰鈥渓鈥濅笉鍒嗭紝鎶娾�滃皬楣库�濊鎴愨�滃皬鎬掆�濓紱浠栦滑杩樻瘮杈冮毦鍖哄垎鈥渮h鈥濃�渃h鈥濃�渟h鈥濃�渮鈥濃�渃鈥濃�渟鈥濆拰鑸岄潰闊斥�渏鈥濃�渜鈥濃�渪鈥濈瓑锛屽骞煎効缁忓父鎶娾�滆�佸笀鈥濊鎴愨�滆�佽タ鈥濄��
+ 4锝�5宀佸辜鍎垮彂闊宠兘鍔涢�愭笎鎴愮啛锛屽鏋滃弽澶嶇粌涔狅紝澶у鏁板辜鍎胯兘澶熷彂鍑哄叏閮ㄨ闊炽��5锝�6宀佸辜鍎垮彂闊冲櫒瀹樺熀鏈彂鑲叉垚鐔燂紝鑳藉湪鎴愪汉寮曞涓嬪惉娓呭拰鍙戞竻姣嶈鐨勫叏閮ㄨ闊筹紝鑰屼笖姝ら樁娈靛辜鍎胯兘澶熸湁琛ㄦ儏鍦板彂鍑鸿闊冲拰澹拌皟銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夊辜鍎跨殑璇煶鎰忚瘑鏄庢樉澧炲己銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 璇煶鎰忚瘑鏄寚璇煶鐨勮嚜鎴戣皟鑺傛満鍒讹紝褰撳辜鍎胯兘澶熻嚜瑙夎鲸鍒彂闊虫槸鍚︽纭紝鑷妯′豢姝ｇ‘鍙戦煶锛屽苟鎶靛埗閿欒鍙戦煶鏃讹紝骞煎効鐨勮闊虫剰璇嗗紑濮嬪彂鐢熷苟涓嶆柇澧炲己銆�4锝�5宀佺殑骞煎効鑳藉涓诲姩缁冧範姝ｇ‘鐨勫彂闊筹紝褰撹嚜宸卞彂鍑洪敊璇殑璇煶鏃跺父甯镐細鎰熷埌缇炴订锛屼粬浠細妯′豢銆佺籂姝ｅ叾浠栦汉鐨勯敊璇彂闊炽�傝闊虫剰璇嗙殑澧炲己浣垮辜鍎胯兘澶熶富鍔ㄣ�佽嚜瑙夊湴瀛︿範璇█锛岃繖绉嶅彉鍖栧鍏惰瑷�鐨勮繘姝ユ湁寰堝ぇ鐨勪績杩涗綔鐢ㄣ��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e036">2.骞煎効璇煶鏁欒偛</h5>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鏈熸槸鎺屾彙璇煶鐨勫叧閿椂鏈燂紝濡傛灉姝ｇ‘鍙戞尌鐜鍙婃暀鑲茬殑浣滅敤锛屽辜鍎垮氨浼氭瘮杈冭交鏉惧湴鎺屾彙鏈皯鏃忔墍鏈夎闊炽�傛暀甯堝拰瀹堕暱鍙互鏍规嵁濡備笅鏂规硶瀵瑰辜鍎胯繘琛岃闊虫暀鑲层��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�1锛夋暀鑲插辜鍎垮浣曞噯纭湴鍚煶銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 妯′豢鏄辜鍎垮涔犺闊虫渶閲嶈鐨勬柟寮忎箣涓�锛屾ā浠跨殑鍩虹鏄惉闊冲噯纭�傝浣垮辜鍎垮彂闊冲噯纭紝蹇呴』娉ㄦ剰璁粌骞煎効鐨勫惉瑙夎兘鍔涳紝浣夸粬浠兘澶熷噯纭尯鍒嗘瘮杈冪浉浼肩殑鍙戦煶锛屽z銆乧銆乻銆亃h銆乧h銆乻h銆乸銆乼銆乨绛夛紝涓哄辜鍎挎嫾闊冲涔犳墦涓嬪熀纭�銆傛暀甯堝簲璇ラ�氳繃涓嶆柇鍦拌瑙ｇず鑼冦�佽瑷�娓告垙绛夊舰寮忓煿鍏诲辜鍎跨殑鍚煶鑳藉姏銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛変负骞煎効璁茶В骞剁ず鑼冩纭殑鍙戦煶鏂规硶銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 娓呮銆佹纭殑鍙戦煶鏄繍鐢ㄥ彛璇氦娴佺殑蹇呰鏉′欢銆傛纭彂闊充竴鑸瘮鍚噯闊宠鍥伴毦涓�浜涳紝鎴愪汉搴旇鏁欎細骞煎効鏅�氳瘽鐨勫熀鏈彂闊筹紝璁╁辜鍎胯兘澶熷噯纭湴鍙戝嚭鏅�氳瘽鐨勬墍鏈夐煶鑺傘�傛纭湴鏁欏辜鍎垮彂闊宠繕鍖呮嫭鏁欎細骞煎効姝ｇ‘鍙戝嚭鈥滃効鍖栭煶鈥濄�傚効鍖栭煶鍜屽師闊充箣闂存湁瀵嗗垏鍏崇郴锛屼絾涔熸湁寰堝ぇ涓嶅悓銆�
+ 鈥滃効鍖栭煶鈥濆浠ｈ〃鍚嶈瘝锛屽鈥滅敾鍎库�濃�滅洊鍎库�濄�傚効鍖栭煶澶氳〃绀哄皬銆佸彲鐖便�佷翰鍒囩殑鎰忔�濓紝濡傗�滃皬瀛╁効鈥濃�滃疂璐濆効鈥濈瓑銆傛垚浜哄湪鏁欏辜鍎垮彂鈥滃効鍖栭煶鈥濇椂瑕佹敞鎰忚垖澶寸殑浣滅敤锛岃骞煎効鑸屽ご寰井涓婂嵎锛屽拰鍘熼煶涓�璧峰彂鍑猴紝鑰屼笉鏄崟鐙彂鍑衡�滃効鈥濈殑澹伴煶銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�3锛夊煿鍏诲辜鍎夸娇鐢ㄨ█璇〃鎯呯殑鑳藉姏銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 瑷�璇〃鎯呮寚浜轰滑閫氳繃澹拌皟銆佽閫熺瓑灏嗚嚜韬殑鎯呯华鎰熷彈浼犻�掑嚭鏉ョ殑杩囩▼锛屾槸杈呭姪璇█鐨勯噸瑕佸伐鍏凤紝鍒╃敤瑷�璇〃鎯呭彲浠ヨ捣鍒板寮鸿瑷�浜ゆ祦鏁堟灉鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ�傚叾涓紝瑷�璇〃
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="page-box" page="41">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(41) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">033</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鎯呮槸骞煎効闇�瑕佸煿鍏荤殑閲嶈鑳藉姏銆傛垚浜哄簲璇ユ暀浼氬辜鍎挎牴鎹嚜宸辨墍瑕佽〃杈剧殑鍐呭鎺у埗銆佽皟鑺傚０闊崇殑澶у皬鍜岃妭濂忕殑蹇參銆傛瘮濡傦紝鎴戜滑琛ㄨ揪娆㈠揩鐨勫唴瀹规椂璇�熷簲璇ョ◢蹇竴浜涳紝琛ㄨ揪鎮蹭激鐨勫唴瀹规椂璇�熷簲璇ユ斁鎱竴浜涳紝琛ㄨ揪婵�鍔ㄧ殑鍐呭鏃跺０闊宠楂樹孩涓�浜涳紝琛ㄨ揪瀹夐潤鐨勫唴瀹规椂澹伴煶瑕佹斁浣庝竴浜涚瓑銆傚钩鏃惰璇濈殑鏃跺�欏氨搴旇榧撳姳骞煎効鑷劧澶ф柟銆佸瘜鏈夋劅鏌撳姏鍦拌〃杈俱��
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�4锛夊煿鍏诲辜鍎胯瑷�浜ゅ線鐨勪慨鍏汇��</p>
+ <p>
+ 璇█浜ゅ線淇吇鏄寚璇磋瘽鎬佸害鏂归潰鐨勮姹傘�傛垚浜鸿娉ㄦ剰鍦ㄥ辜鍎挎帉鎻″彛璇殑鍒濆闃舵灏辫姹備粬浠�佸害鑷劧銆佸０璋冨弸濂藉湴鍘诲拰浠栦汉浜ゆ祦銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�5锛夊強鏃剁籂姝ｅ辜鍎跨殑閿欒鍙戦煶銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 褰撳辜鍎垮彂闊抽敊璇椂锛屾垚浜哄簲璇ョ敤閫傚綋鐨勬柟寮忓強鏃剁籂姝ｄ粬鐨勯敊璇彂闊炽�傚湪绾犳鐨勮繃绋嬩腑锛屾垚浜鸿娉ㄦ剰鏂瑰紡鏂规硶锛屽厛浜嗚В骞煎効鍙戦煶閿欒鐨勫師鍥狅紝瀵圭棁涓嬭嵂锛屼互鍏嶈�借骞煎効瀛︿範璇█鐨勫叧閿湡銆傚湪绾犳鐨勮繃绋嬩腑涓嶈兘杩囧害鏂ヨ矗骞煎効锛屽簲浠ョН鏋佺殑鎬佸害榧撳姳鍏跺潥鎸佺粌涔犮��
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d029">锛堜簩锛夎瘝姹囩殑鍙戝睍涓庢暀鑲�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 3锝�6宀佸辜鍎胯瘝姹囩殑鎺屾彙鎯呭喌鍙互浠庡叾鎺屾彙鐨勮瘝姹囬噺銆佽瘝鐨勭被鍨嬪拰鐞嗚В璇嶇殑娣卞害鏉ヨ鏄庛��
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e037">1.骞煎効璇嶆眹鐨勫彂灞曠壒鐐�</h5>
+ <p>锛�1锛夊辜鍎挎湡璇嶆眹閲忚繀閫熷鍔狅紙瑙佸浘2-2锛夈��</p>
+ <p class="center openImgBox">
+ <img class="img-b" alt="" src="../../images/0053-1.jpg" />
+ </p>
+ <p class="img">
+ 鍥�2-2 涓嶅悓骞撮緞鍎跨鎺屾彙鐨勮瘝姹囬噺<a id="w6"></a
+ ><a href="chapter002.html#m6"><sup>[6]</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鏈熻瘝姹囬噺澧為暱閫熷害寰堝揩锛屽嚑涔庢瘡骞村闀夸竴鍊嶏細3宀佸辜鍎胯兘澶熸帉鎻″ぇ绾�1000涓瘝姹囷紝4宀佸辜鍎胯兘澶熸帉鎻″ぇ绾�1700涓瘝姹囷紝5宀佸辜鍎挎帉鎻＄殑璇嶆眹閲忔湁2600涓乏鍙筹紝6宀佸辜鍎跨殑璇嶆眹閲忎负3500锝�4000銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夊辜鍎挎湡鎺屾彙璇嶇殑绫诲瀷涓嶆柇鎵╁ぇ銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 璇嶆眹浠庢暟閲忎笂鏄剧ず浜嗗辜鍎胯瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勮繘姝ワ紝璇嶇被鑼冨洿鐨勬墿澶у垯浠庤川閲忎笂璇存槑骞煎効璇█鑳藉姏鐨勪笉鏂彂灞曘�傚辜鍎夸竴鑸厛鎺屾彙瀹炶瘝锛屽悗鎺屾彙铏氳瘝銆傚湪骞煎効鎺屾彙鐨勫疄璇嶄腑锛屽悕璇嶅崰涓诲鍦颁綅锛屽叾娆℃槸鍔ㄨ瘝銆佸舰瀹硅瘝銆傛帉鎻″悕璇嶇殑閫熷害浼氶殢鐫�骞撮緞鐨勫闀块�愭笎鏀�
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m6"></a><a href="chapter002.html#w6">[6]</a>
+ 鍐妗�.瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鏁欒偛锛籑锛�.閮戝窞锛氶儜宸炲ぇ瀛﹀嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2013锛�34.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="42">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(42) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">034</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鎱紝4宀佷互鍚庢帉鎻″姩璇嶇殑鏁伴噺姣斾緥寮�濮嬭秴杩囧悕璇嶃�傚鍏朵粬瀹炶瘝锛屽褰㈠璇嶃�佹暟閲忚瘝绛夊辜鍎挎帉鎻¤緝鏅氥�傚辜鍎垮褰㈠璇嶇殑杩愮敤寰�寰�涓嶅噯纭紝甯稿父鐢ㄥぇ銆佸皬鏉ヤ唬鏇胯儢銆佺槮鍜岄暱銆佺煭绛夛紱鏁伴噺璇嶄篃鏄辜鍎胯緝闅炬帉鎻＄殑涓�绉嶈瘝姹囷紝鐩村埌5宀佷互鍚庢墠鑳介�愭鎺屾彙銆傚辜鍎垮铏氳瘝鎺屾彙涔熻緝鏅氾紝4锝�5宀佹槸骞煎効鎺屾彙铏氳瘝姣旇緝杩呴�熺殑闃舵銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 璇嶇被鎵╁ぇ涔熻〃鐜板湪璇嶆眹鍐呭涓婏紝骞煎効鏈�鍒濇帉鎻＄殑璇嶅鏁版槸鍜岃嚜宸卞瘑鍒囩浉鍏崇殑璇嶏紝浠ュ悗閫愭笎鎺屾彙涓�浜涗笌鑷繁鍏崇郴绋嶈繙鎴栨娊璞＄殑璇嶆眹锛屽鈥滅ぞ浼氣�濃�滃媷鏁⑩�濈瓑銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�3锛夊辜鍎垮璇嶄箟鐨勭悊瑙ｉ�愭笎纭垏銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効瀵逛竴涓瘝鐨勭悊瑙ｅ線寰�浠庤〃闈㈡剰涔夊彂灞曞埌娣卞眰鎰忎箟銆傝秺骞村辜鐨勫効绔ョ悊瑙ｈ瘝鐨勫惈涔夎秺琛ㄩ潰鍖栵紝姣斿锛�3宀佸墠鐨勫辜鍎垮父甯哥敤涓�涓瘝浠ｈ〃澶氱浜嬬墿锛屼粬浠彲鑳界敤鈥滈┈鈥濅唬琛ㄦ墍鏈夊洓鏉¤吙鐨勫姩鐗╋紝鏈夋椂鍊欎粬浠細鎸囩潃缇婅锛氣�滃皬椹�傗��4锝�5宀佸辜鍎垮湪璇嶆眹鏁伴噺鍜岀绫昏繀閫熷鍔犵殑鍩虹涓婇�愭笎褰㈡垚浜嗕竴瀹氱殑褰掔撼鑳藉姏锛屼粬浠煡閬撴煇浜涜瘝鏄唬琛ㄤ竴绫讳簨鐗╋紝姣斿锛屸�滅嫍鈥濅笉浠呮寚鑷繁瀹剁殑灏忕嫍锛屼篃琛ㄧず鎵�鏈夌殑鐙楋紝杩欑鑳藉姏鍜岃鐭ヨ兘鍔涚殑鍙戝睍鏈夊瘑鍒囧叧绯汇��5锝�6宀佸辜鍎垮紑濮嬫帉鎻′竴浜涘壇璇嶅拰杩炶瘝锛屽璇嶇殑鐞嗚В姘村钩涔熸槑鏄炬彁楂樸�備絾鎬讳綋鏉ヨ锛屽辜鍎挎湡鐨勫効绔ュ璇嶇殑姒傛嫭鎬ц繕姣旇緝宸紝鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄨ瘝鏃剁粡甯稿嚭鐜颁竴浜涢敊璇�傛垚浜哄簲璇ュ湪澧炲姞鍏惰瘝姹囬噺鍜屾墿灞曡瘝绫昏寖鍥寸殑鍩虹涓婏紝鍔犳繁骞煎効瀵硅瘝涔夌殑鐞嗚В銆�
+ </p>
+ <div class="bk">
+ <div class="bk1">
+ <p><span class="bj2">骞煎効鍥暀甯堣祫鏍艰瘉鑰冭瘯路鐪熼鍐嶇幇</span></p>
+ <div class="tp-2">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-1" alt="" src="../../images/tb-1.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p class="center"><b>2016骞翠笅鍗婂勾銆婁繚鏁欑煡璇嗕笌鑳藉姏銆嬬湡棰�</b></p>
+ <ul
+ class="mr-0"
+ v-for="(item, index) in example[2].unit"
+ :key="'exampleThree' + index"
+ >
+ <li>锛堝崟閫夐锛墈{ item.txt }}銆�</li>
+ <li
+ class="inputChoice"
+ v-for="(citem, cindex) in item.option"
+ :key="cindex"
+ >
+ <label>
+ <input
+ type="radio"
+ :disabled="example[2].isComplete"
+ :name="item.txt"
+ :value="citem.value"
+ v-model="item.userAnswer"
+ @change="saveExample('exampleThree', example[2])"
+ />
+ <span>{{ citem.value }} . {{ citem.txt }}</span>
+ </label>
+ </li>
+ <li
+ v-if="example[2].isShowAnswer"
+ class="event-header-text-bc pd-5 fl jc-sa"
+ >
+ <span class="c-g"> 绛旀锛歿{ item.answer }}</span>
+ <span
+ :class="{ 'c-g': item.isRight, 'c-r': item.isRight == false }"
+ >鎮ㄧ殑绛旀锛歿{ item.userAnswer }}</span
+ >
+ <span class="icon-box-big fl al-c">
+ <svg
+ v-if="item.isRight"
+ t="1716986419862"
+ class="icon"
+ viewBox="0 0 1820 1024"
+ version="1.1"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ p-id="18767"
+ xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+ width="40"
+ height="20"
+ >
+ <path
+ d="M1439.374222 216.007111s-169.472 56.490667-367.179852 282.443852C888.6044444 703.222519 846.241185 787.949037 775.632593 900.93037 768.568889 893.866667 662.651259 689.095111 380.207407 540.814222l148.290371-141.226666s134.162963 91.790222 225.953185 261.262222c0 0 233.016889-360.116148 684.923259-536.642371v91.799704z m0 0"
+ fill="#1AFA29"
+ p-id="18768"
+ ></path>
+ </svg>
+ <svg
+ v-if="item.isRight == false"
+ t="1716987085767"
+ class="icon"
+ viewBox="0 0 1024 1024"
+ version="1.1"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ p-id="25745"
+ xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+ width="20"
+ height="20"
+ >
+ <path
+ d="M116.579135 38.64349531L38.703935 103.74399781c138.82075969 102.96027281 268.24660875 221.31426938 381.68489719 339.96758156C246.29374906 618.40145938 109.95003031 790.19602344 38.10817906 859.25288281l148.35573469 123.62658094c52.61360812-108.17625656 167.23381594-272.86683656 320.56281844-445.01635875 153.50744156 173.21056312 268.36844625 338.43166313 321.38977781 447.49243969 0 0 144.5682225-152.96636906 157.47435281-129.29729625-55.80632344-62.49011156-191.37776625-244.16501625-374.17990593-430.27403438 104.68422375-107.1132975 222.15274031-213.10127719 347.60304468-306.24740437L925.17746562 56.03842156C782.85412063 126.51895625 647.69328031 231.09093594 526.07845437 342.39755 403.34886594 226.82662719 264.46095125 116.16373719 116.579135 38.64349531L116.579135 38.64349531zM116.579135 38.64349531"
+ fill="#d81e06"
+ p-id="25746"
+ ></path>
+ </svg>
+ </span>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ <div class="w100 fl ju-cn">
+ <ul class="fl ju-ev w80 choice">
+ <li>
+ <button
+ class="btn-border btn-w"
+ @click="goExample(example[2])"
+ >
+ 鎻愪氦
+ </button>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <button
+ @click="
+ changeExample(example[2], example[2].unit, 'exampleThree')
+ "
+ class="btn-border btn-w"
+ >
+ 閲嶅仛
+ </button>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <button
+ @click="example[2].isShowAnswer = !example[2].isShowAnswer"
+ class="parimary-btn"
+ >
+ 鏌ョ湅绛旀
+ </button>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <h5 id="e038">2.骞煎効璇嶆眹鏁欒偛</h5>
+ <p>锛�1锛変笉鏂赴瀵屽辜鍎胯瘝姹囥��</p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効璇嶆眹鏁欒偛鐨勯瑕佷换鍔℃槸甯姪骞煎効涓嶆柇鑾峰緱鏂拌瘝锛屽姞娣卞叾瀵圭幇瀹炰笘鐣岀殑璁よ瘑銆傚湪杩欎釜杩囩▼涓紝鎴愪汉搴旇娉ㄦ剰濡備笅闂銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>鈶犲涓哄辜鍎挎彁渚涘疄璇嶃��</p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鍦�6宀佸墠鎺屾彙璇嶆眹鐨勭绫讳互瀹炶瘝涓轰富銆傚洜涓哄疄璇嶅湪鎺屾彙闅惧害涓婃瘮铏氳瘝鏇寸畝鍗曪紝鍦ㄤ氦娴佹晥鏋滀笂涔熸瘮铏氳瘝鏇存湁鐢ㄣ��
+ </p>
+ <p>鈶″湪鍜屽辜鍎夸氦娴佽繃绋嬩腑甯姪鍏惰幏寰楁柊璇嶃��</p>
+ <p>
+ 涓�鑸辜鍎块兘鏄湪鐢熸椿鎯呭涓涔犳柊璇嶇殑銆傜敓娲讳腑瀛︿範璇嶆眹鑷劧锛岀湡瀹炪�傛瘮濡傦紝鎴愪汉鍦ㄦ寚瀵煎辜鍎胯璇嗕簨鐗╂椂鏁欎細浠栦滑鍚勭璇嶆眹锛屽寘鎷棩鐢ㄥ搧銆佺帺鍏枫�佸姩妞嶇墿绛夊悕璇嶏紝涔熷寘鎷弿缁樼墿鍝佺殑棰滆壊銆佸ぇ灏忋�佽川鍦般�佺敤閫旂瓑褰㈠璇嶏紝杩樺寘鎷弿杩扮墿鍝佹暟閲忕殑鏁拌瘝銆�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="43">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(43) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">035</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 閲忚瘝绛夈�傛澶栵紝鎴愪汉杩樺彲浠ュ湪瀵瑰辜鍎跨殑瑕佹眰涓紙濡傝骞煎効璧峰簥銆佸悆楗�佹礂婢°�佹敹鎷剧帺鍏风殑杩囩▼涓級甯姪骞煎効瀛︿細鏂拌瘝锛屽湪鎵ц杩欎簺瑕佹眰鐨勮繃绋嬩腑骞煎効涓�杈圭悊瑙ｆ垚浜虹殑鎸囦护锛屼竴杈圭Н绱ぇ閲忕殑璇嶆眹锛屽悓鏃朵篃閫愭笎鍒嗘竻浜嗕汉绉颁唬璇嶏紙浣犮�佹垜銆佷粬锛夌殑鍏蜂綋鎰忎箟銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夋寚瀵煎辜鍎挎纭湴鐞嗚В璇嶆眹鐨勫惈涔夈��</p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鐢变簬缂轰箯鐢熸椿缁忛獙锛屼互鍙婂叿浣撳舰璞℃�濈淮鐨勯檺鍒讹紝寰�寰�鎶婁竴浜涙娊璞＄殑璇嶇悊瑙ｄ负鍏蜂綋鐨勫惈涔夛紝姣斿锛屾妸鈥滅編涓解�濈悊瑙ｄ负鈥滃濡堢殑鏍峰瓙鈥濓紝鎶娾�滃媷鏁⑩�濈悊瑙ｄ负鈥滄暍鍦ㄦ櫄涓婂嚭闂ㄢ�濈瓑銆傚悓鏃跺辜鍎胯繕瀹规槗浠庡瓧闈笂鐞嗚В璇嶄箟锛屾瘮濡傦紝鎶娾�滃ぇ鑵曞効鈥濈悊瑙ｆ垚澶х殑鑳宠唺鑵曞効绛夈�傚洜姝わ紝鎴愪汉搴旇鍦ㄤ笉鏂赴瀵屽辜鍎胯瘝姹囬噺鐨勫熀纭�涓婃寚瀵煎辜鍎挎纭湴鐞嗚В璇嶇殑鍚箟銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>鈶犱负骞煎効鍚屾椂鍛堢幇璇嶅拰璇嶆墍瀵瑰簲鐨勪簨鐗┿��</p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鏈�鍏堟帉鎻＄殑璇嶅線寰�鏄偅浜涗笌涔嬪瘑鍒囩浉鍏崇殑浜嬬墿锛屾暀甯堝簲璇ラ殢鏈轰负骞煎効鎸囧嚭閭ｄ簺鐢熸椿涓柊鎺ヨЕ鐨勮瘝锛岄�氳繃杩欑鏂瑰紡寰�寰�鑳藉骞煎効鐞嗚В璇嶆眹璧峰埌浜嬪崐鍔熷�嶇殑鏁堟灉銆備緥濡傦紝姣忓綋骞煎効鐪嬪埌骞煎効鍥唴鐨勮姳鏃讹紝鏁欏笀鍦ㄤ竴鏃佽锛氣�滅湅锛岀孩鑹茬殑鑺憋紝绮夎壊鐨勮姳锛屽婕備寒鍛�锛佲�濇暟娆′箣鍚庯紝骞煎効灏辫兘澶熺煡閬撹姳鏄粈涔堬紝鑰屼笖鑺辨湁涓嶅悓鐨勯鑹层�傚綋鏁欏笀鍐嶅拰骞煎効璇粹�滅湅锛岃眴璞嗙殑绮夎壊琛ｆ湇澶氭紓浜憖鈥濇椂锛屽辜鍎胯嚜鐒朵細鐞嗚В鈥滅矇鑹测�濈殑鍚箟銆傚涓�浜涗笉甯歌鐨勮瘝璇紝褰撳叾鍋剁劧鍑虹幇鏃讹紝鏁欏笀搴斿強鏃朵负骞煎効鎸囧嚭閭ｆ槸浠�涔堬紝杩欐牱鍙互淇冭繘鍎跨鐞嗚В鍏蜂綋璇嶄箟銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>鈶″�熷姪鐩磋鏉愭枡甯姪骞煎効鐞嗚В鏂拌幏寰楃殑璇嶆眹銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鍦ㄧ敓娲荤幆澧冧腑鑳藉鎺ヨЕ鍒扮殑璇嶆眹鏈変簺鏄嚜宸辫杩囩殑锛屼篃鏈変簺鏄笉缁忓父鎺ヨЕ鐨勩�傚浜庤繖浜涗笉甯告帴瑙︾殑璇嶏紝鎴愪汉鍙互鍊熷姪鍥剧敾銆佸０鍍忕瓑濯掍粙涓哄辜鍎挎彁渚涚洿瑙備俊鎭紝甯姪骞煎効鑾峰緱璇嶆眹涓庤瘝涔夌殑鑱旂郴銆傛瘮濡傦紝鎴愪汉鍙互閫氳繃鍥剧墖銆佷功绫嶇瓑璁╁辜鍎胯璇嗛硠楸笺�佸湴鐞冦�佸お绌虹瓑銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>鈶㈠紩瀵煎辜鍎挎牴鎹嚜宸卞凡鏈夌粡楠岀悊瑙ｈ瘝涔夈��</p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鐨勭敓娲荤粡楠岄殢鐫�骞撮緞鐨勫闀夸細瓒婃潵瓒婁赴瀵岋紝涓板瘜鐨勭敓娲荤粡楠屽彲浠ュ府鍔╁辜鍎挎洿娣卞埢鍦扮悊瑙ｈ瘝姹囩殑鍚箟銆傛瘮濡傦紝鍎跨鏈夊幓杩団�滃姩鐗╁洯鈥濈殑缁忛獙锛屾垚浜哄彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄨ繖绉嶇粡楠屼负骞煎効瑙ｉ噴浣曚负鈥滃姩鐗╃帇鍥解�濄�傝繖鏍蜂笉浠呭彲浠ヨ骞煎効娓╀範宸茬粡鎺屾彙鐨勮瘝姹囷紝涔熷彲浠ヨ骞煎効鏇翠负瀹规槗鍦颁範寰楁柊璇嶆眹銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�3锛夊紩瀵煎辜鍎挎纭繍鐢ㄨ瘝姹囥��</p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鐞嗚В鐨勮瘝鍙互鍒嗕负绉瀬璇嶆眹鍜屾秷鏋佽瘝姹囥�傜Н鏋佽瘝姹囨槸鎸囧辜鍎胯兘澶熻鍑轰篃鑳藉姝ｇ‘杩愮敤鐨勮瘝姹囷紝娑堟瀬璇嶆眹鍗宠兘澶熻鍑轰絾涓嶈兘姝ｇ‘杩愮敤鐨勮瘝姹囥�傝�屼笉鑳芥纭繍鐢ㄧ殑涓昏鍘熷洜鏄効绔ュ璇嶇殑鍚箟鐞嗚В涓嶅噯纭紝姣斿锛屽辜鍎挎妸鈥滅嫍鐔娾�濊鎴愭槸鈥滃ぇ鐙椻�濄�傞拡瀵瑰辜鍎胯繖绉嶉敊鐢ㄦ垨鑰呰鐢ㄨ瘝鐨勬儏鍐碉紝鏁欏笀鍙互浠庝互涓嬪嚑涓柟闈㈠叆鎵嬫寚瀵煎辜鍎挎纭繍鐢ㄨ瘝姹囥��
+ </p>
+ <p>鈶犱负骞煎効鎻愪緵姝ｇ‘鐨勭敤璇嶈寖渚嬨��</p>
+ <p>
+ 鎴愪汉鍦ㄤ笌骞煎効浜ゆ祦鐨勮繃绋嬩腑锛岃鍋氬埌鐢ㄨ瘝鍑嗙‘锛岃鍑虹殑璇彞瑕佺鍚堣娉曡姹傘�傚辜鍎挎槸鍦ㄦā浠挎垚浜鸿瑷�涓幏寰楄瑷�鑳藉姏鐨勶紝鍥犳锛屾垚浜虹殑璇█绀鸿寖浼氱洿鎺ュ奖鍝嶅辜鍎�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="43">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(43) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">036</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 鐨勮瑷�姘村钩銆傛垚浜哄湪甯姪骞煎効璁よ瘑鍛ㄥ洿浜嬬墿鏃讹紝瑕佸仛鍒板敖閲忕敤鍑嗙‘鐨勮瘝鍘昏В閲婅鏄庤璁よ瘑鐨勭墿锛屽彧鏈夎繖鏍锋墠浼氫负骞煎効鎻愪緵姝ｇ‘鐨勭敤璇嶈寖渚嬨��
+ </p>
+ <p>鈶″強鏃剁籂姝ｅ辜鍎垮璇嶇殑閿欑敤鍜岃鐢ㄣ��</p>
+ <p>
+ 鍙婃椂绾犳骞煎効鐢ㄨ瘝閿欒鍙互涓嶈閿欒褰㈡垚涔犳儻锛屼篃鏈夊埄浜庡辜鍎垮鍏朵粬璇嶇殑鐞嗚В銆傚鏋滃辜鍎垮鏌愪簺璇嶇悊瑙ｄ笉鍑嗙‘锛屼粬浠線寰�涔熶笉鑳藉噯纭悊瑙ｄ笌杩欎釜璇嶇浉鍏崇殑璇嶃�備絾绾犳骞煎効鐢ㄨ瘝閿欒鏂瑰紡瑕佸惈钃勶紝瑕佸厛琛ㄧず鐞嗚В锛屽啀鐢ㄤ竴浜涘濠夌殑鏂瑰紡鎸囧嚭骞煎効鐨勯敊璇紝鍒囧繉鐩存帴鎸囧嚭鎴栬�呬弗閲嶆壒璇勫辜鍎匡紝杩欐牱浼氬奖鍝嶅辜鍎垮涔犺瑷�鐨勭Н鏋佹�с��
+ </p>
+ <p>鈶负骞煎効鍒涜瀹芥澗杩愮敤璇嶆眹鐨勮瑷�鐜銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鐢熸椿绌洪棿鐩稿鐙皬锛岃澶氬杩囩殑璇嶈繍鐢ㄧ殑鏈轰細杈冨皯銆傚鏋滄暀甯堣兘澶熶负骞煎効鍒涜涓板瘜鐨勭敓娲讳笌瀛︿範鐜锛屽辜鍎跨殑寰堝娑堟瀬璇嶆眹灏变細杞彉涓虹Н鏋佽瘝姹囥�備緥濡傦紝璇█娓告垙銆佽鑹叉父鎴忎腑锛屾暀甯堝彲浠ュ紩瀵煎辜鍎挎妸骞虫椂杈冨皯搴旂敤鐨勮瘝姹囨坊鍔犲埌娓告垙涔嬩腑锛涙暀甯堜篃鍙互澶氬甫骞煎効鍘婚儕娓搞�佸弬瑙傜瓑锛岃骞煎効鍦ㄦ璧忔櫙鑹茬殑鍚屾椂绉瀬杩愮敤鎵�瀛︾殑璇嶆眹鎻忚堪鐪嬪埌鐨勬櫙鑹层��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効瀵硅瘝姹囩殑鐞嗚В鍜岃繍鐢ㄥ彈鍏惰鐭ュ彂灞曠殑褰卞搷銆傝瘝姹囨湰鏉ュ氨鏄辜鍎垮涓栫晫璁ょ煡鐨勫弽鏄狅紝鎴愪汉鍦ㄦ寚瀵煎辜鍎胯瘝姹囧涔犱腑瑕佷笌鍏惰鐭ュ彂灞曠浉鑱旂郴锛岃璁ょ煡鍙戝睍寮曞璇嶆眹鍙戝睍锛岃瘝姹囧彂灞曚績杩涘叾璁ょ煡杩涙銆�
+ </p>
+ <h4 id="d030">锛堜笁锛夎娉曠殑鍙戝睍涓庢暀鑲�</h4>
+ <p>
+ 璇硶鍗虫瀯璇嶉�犲彞鐨勮鍒欙紝鏄瑷�鏈�涓烘娊璞＄殑瑕佺礌銆傛墍浠ワ紝鎺屾彙涓�绉嶈瑷�锛屽緢澶х▼搴︿笂灏辨槸鎺屾彙浜嗕竴绉嶈瑷�鐨勮鍒欍�傚辜鍎垮湪瀛︿範璇█鐨勮繃绋嬩腑涓嶄粎涔犲緱浜嗚闊冲拰璇嶆眹锛屼篃涔犲緱浜嗚娉曡鍒欍�傚疄闄呬笂锛屽辜鍎挎槸鍚屾椂瀛︿範璇煶銆佽瘝姹囧拰璇硶鐨勩�傚辜鍎胯娉曠殑鍙戝睍鍙楁枃鍖栥�佹暀鑲层�佽绉嶇瓑鏉′欢鐨勫奖鍝嶈〃鐜板嚭涓嶅悓绋嬪害鐨勫樊寮傦紝浣嗗張鏈夊熀鏈浉鍚岀殑鍙戝睍杩囩▼銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e039">1.骞煎効璇硶鐨勫彂灞曠壒鐐�</h5>
+ <p>锛�1锛夊彞鍨嬩粠涓嶅畬鏁村埌瀹屾暣銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 2宀佷箣鍓嶇殑濠村辜鍎垮浣跨敤鍗曡瘝鍙ユ垨鍙岃瘝鍙ユ潵琛ㄨ揪鑷繁鐨勯渶姹傘��2宀佷互鍚庡辜鍎块�愭笎鑳藉浣跨敤瀹屾暣鍙ワ紝浣嗙洿鍒板辜鍎挎櫄鏈熶粬浠篃杈冨皯浣跨敤澶嶅悎鍙ヨ〃杈捐嚜宸辩殑瑙傜偣锛屽嵆浣夸娇鐢ㄥ鍚堝彞锛屼篃寰堝皯浣跨敤杩炶瘝銆�5宀佸乏鍙崇殑骞煎効杩樹笉鑳藉緢濂藉湴鐞嗚В缁撴瀯澶嶆潅鐨勫彞瀛愶紝濡傝鍔ㄥ彞銆佸弻閲嶅惁瀹氬彞绛夈�傚湪鏁翠釜骞煎効鏈燂紝绠�鍗曢檲杩板彞鏄辜鍎跨殑鍩烘湰鍙ュ瀷銆傚辜鍎夸篃浣跨敤涓�浜涢潪闄堣堪鍙ワ紝濡傜枒闂彞銆佺浣垮彞銆佹劅鍙瑰彞绛夛紝浣嗘暟閲忚緝灏戙��3锝�4宀佹槸骞煎効澶嶆潅淇グ璇暟閲忓闀挎渶蹇殑闃舵锛屽辜鍎垮湪澶х害4宀佺殑鏃跺�欒兘澶熻鍑烘瘮杈冨鐨勫甫鏈変慨楗拌瘝鐨勮鍙ワ紝4宀佷互鍚庤鍑哄甫鏈変慨楗拌瘝鐨勮鍙ユ暟閲忛�愭笎澧炲銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夊彞瀛愮粨鏋勭敱娣锋矊銆佹澗鏁ｃ�佸憜鏉垮埌鍒嗗寲銆佷弗璋ㄥ拰鐏垫椿銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鏃╂湡鐨勮鍙ワ紝鏃犺鏄湪琛ㄨ揪鍐呭涓娿�佽瘝鎬т笂杩樻槸鍦ㄥ彞瀛愮粨鏋勪笂閮芥槸娣锋矊鐨勩�傚辜鍎挎棭鏈熺殑鍙ュ瓙鍒嗕笉娓呮槸琛ㄨ揪鎯呮劅鐨勮繕鏄寚鐗╃殑鎴栬�呮槸鎰忓姩鐨勶紝鍚屼竴鍙ヨ瘽锛屽湪涓嶅悓鐨勮澧冧腑鏈変笉鍚岀殑鍚箟锛屽骞煎効璇粹�滈瀷鈥濓紝鍙兘鏄鈥滃濡堢殑闉嬧�濓紝鎴栨槸鈥滆濡堝缁欐垜绌�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="page-box" page="44">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(44) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">037</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 闉嬧�濓紝涔熷彲鑳芥槸鈥滈偅鍙岄瀷鐪熸紓浜�濈瓑銆傚辜鍎�3宀佸悗閫愭笎鍒嗗寲鍑鸿〃杈炬儏鎰熺殑鍙ュ瓙銆佹寚鐗╃殑鍙ュ瓙鍜屾剰鍔ㄧ殑鍙ュ瓙銆傚辜鍎夸娇鐢ㄧ殑璇嶇殑鎬ц川锛屼篃闅忓叾骞撮緞鐨勫闀胯�岄�愭笎鍒嗗寲銆傚辜鍎挎棭鏈熺殑璇嶄笉鍒嗚瘝鎬э紝濡傚辜鍎跨敤鈥滄豹姹�濇棦琛ㄧず鐙楋紝涔熻〃绀虹嫍鈥滄豹姹�濈殑鍙０銆傚辜鍎挎渶鍒濅娇鐢ㄧ殑鍙ュ瓙鏄笉鍒嗙粨鏋勭殑鍗曡瘝鍙ュ拰鍙岃瘝鍙ワ紝浠ュ悗鎵嶉�愭笎鍒嗗寲鍑虹粨鏋勫眰娆″垎鏄庣殑鍙ュ瓙銆傞殢鐫�骞撮緞鐨勫闀匡紝鍙ュ瓙琛ㄨ揪鐨勫唴瀹广�佽瘝鎬у拰缁撴瀯灞傛閫愭笎鍒嗗寲銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鏈�鍒濈殑鍙ュ瓙涓嶄粎绠�鍗曪紝鑰屼笖鏋佷笉瀹屾暣锛屽父甯哥己灏戜竴浜涘彞瀛愭垚鍒嗐�備弗鏍煎湴璇达紝鍗曡瘝鍙ュ拰鍙岃瘝鍙ヨ繕涓嶅睘浜庡彞瀛愩�傜畝鍗曞彞鍑虹幇浠ュ悗锛屽辜鍎胯鐨勫彞瀛愭墠鍒濆叿缁撴瀯锛屼絾涔熷父甯告紡鎺変竴浜涗富瑕佹垚鍒嗐�傞殢鐫�骞撮緞鐨勫闀匡紝鍙ュ瓙缁撴瀯閫愭笎涓ヨ皑锛岀己璇嶅皯鍙ョ殑鐜拌薄瓒婃潵瓒婂皯锛岃瘝搴忔帓鍒椾篃瓒婃潵瓒婂悎鐞嗭紝鍙ュ瓙涓�愭笎鍑虹幇杩炶瘝鍜屼慨楗拌銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効鏃╂湡鐨勮鍙ュ舰寮忛潪甯稿憜鏉匡紝鍙互璇存槸鍗冪瘒涓�寰嬨�傛墍鏈夊彞瀛愰兘鏄敱鍑犱釜璇嶇畝鍗曠浉鍔犺�屾潵銆�4锝�5宀佹槸骞煎効璇彞缁撴瀯鍙戝睍杈冨揩鐨勯樁娈碉紝闅忕潃骞撮緞鐨勫闀匡紝鍙ュ瓙涓�愭笎鍑虹幇绠�鍗曚慨楗拌锛岄殢鍚庡張鍑虹幇澶嶆潅淇グ璇�備粬浠�愭笎鑳藉璇村嚭杩炶疮鐨勫彞瀛愶紝鑳藉姝ｇ‘杩愮敤绠�鍗曞彞瀛愯〃杈捐嚜宸辩殑鎵�瑙佹墍闂伙紝涔熻兘鐙珛璁叉晠浜嬨�傞儴鍒�6宀佸辜鍎垮凡缁忚兘澶熷皢绠�鍗曚慨楗拌鍜屽鏉備慨楗拌鐏垫椿杩愮敤锛岃鍙ヤ腑鍚勭鎴愬垎鐨勭粍鍚堜篃鏇翠负鐏垫椿銆�
+ </p>
+ <h5 id="e040">2.骞煎効璇硶鏁欒偛</h5>
+ <p>
+ 鏁欏笀闇�瑕佹敞鎰忓涓嬪嚑涓柟闈紝浠ュ府鍔╁辜鍎块�愭笎璇村嚭缁撴瀯瀹屾暣銆佹剰涔夋槑纭殑鍙ュ瓙銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�1锛夊鍦ㄦ棩甯哥敓娲讳腑鍩瑰吇骞煎効娓呮櫚瀹屾暣鐨勮〃杈捐兘鍔涖��</p>
+ <p>
+ 骞煎効涓昏鏄湪鏃ュ父杩愮敤璇█鐨勮繃绋嬩腑瀛︿範璇硶鐨勶紝鍥犳锛屽湪鏃ュ父鐢熸椿涓煿鍏诲辜鍎挎竻妤氬畬鏁寸殑琛ㄨ揪鑳藉姏鏄辜鍎胯娉曞涔犵殑涓昏閫斿緞銆傛暀甯堝湪鐢熸椿涓簲瑕佹眰骞煎効涓嶆柇鐢ㄥ畬鏁寸殑鍙ュ瓙琛ㄨ揪鑷繁鐨勬剰鎰匡紝浣嗗垏蹇屽湪骞煎効娌℃湁琛ㄨ揪瀹屾暣鏃跺氨鈥滃績棰嗙浼氣�濓紝鎴栬�呭湪璇█琛ㄨ揪涓婇噰鍙栤�滃寘鍔炰唬鏇库�濈殑琛屼负锛屼笉鍒╀簬骞煎効璇村嚭缁撴瀯瀹屾暣銆佹剰涔夋槑纭殑鍙ュ瓙銆傚綋骞煎効瑕佹暀甯堟嬁鐜╁叿鏃讹紝濡傛灉骞煎効鍙鈥滅Н鏈ㄢ�濓紝鏁欏笀搴旇寮曞鍏舵妸璇濊瀹屾暣锛屽苟璁╁辜鍎块噸澶嶄竴閬嶏紝闀挎浠ュ線锛屽辜鍎夸細閫愭笎璇村嚭姣旇緝瀹屾暣鐨勫彞瀛愩�傚綋鐒讹紝鏁欏笀搴旇娉ㄦ剰鏁欒偛骞煎効璇村畬鏁村彞瀛愮殑鏂瑰紡鏂规硶锛屽彧瑕佸辜鍎胯兘璇村嚭杈冧负瀹屾暣鐨勫彞瀛愬嵆鍙紝涓嶅繀瑕佺籂缁撹娉曠煡璇嗙殑鏁欒偛銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�2锛夊鐢ㄩ�犲彞鐨勫舰寮忓煿鍏诲辜鍎胯瀹屾暣鍙ョ殑鑳藉姏銆�</p>
+ <p>
+ 閫犲彞鏄辜鍎垮枩娆㈢殑涓�绉嶈瑷�褰㈠紡銆傛暀甯堝彲浠ヨ繍鐢ㄩ�犲彞鐨勫舰寮忓煿鍏诲辜鍎胯瀹屾暣鍙ュ瓙鐨勮兘鍔涖�傜粡杩囧弽澶嶇粌涔犲拰淇骞煎効鎵�閫犺鍙ワ紝骞煎効鑳芥劅鐭ヤ粈涔堟槸瀹屾暣鐨勫彞瀛愶紝搴旇鎬庢牱璇村畬鏁寸殑鍙ュ瓙銆備絾鍦ㄩ�犲彞鐨勮繃绋嬩腑锛屾暀甯堝繀椤绘敞鎰忓辜鍎跨殑璇█鍏磋叮锛屽閫犱竴浜涘辜鍎垮枩娆㈢殑銆佸拰骞煎効瀵嗗垏鐩稿叧鐨勫彞瀛愶紝姣斿锛岃骞煎効鐢ㄨ溅杞︺�佸▋濞冦�佸皬鐧藉厰绛夎瘝姹囬�犲彞姣旂敤椋炴満銆佸潶鍏嬬被璇嶆眹閫犲彞鏇撮�傚悎骞煎効銆�
+ </p>
+ <p>锛�3锛夊埄鐢ㄧ珵璧涖�佹父鎴忕瓑褰㈠紡鎻愰珮骞煎効璇村畬鏁村彞鐨勭Н鏋佹�с��</p>
+ <p>
+ 涓�鑸潵璇达紝4锝�5宀佺殑骞煎効鏇村枩娆㈢敤涓�浜涚畝鍗曠粨鏋勭殑鍙ュ瓙鍜屽埆浜轰氦娴侊紝骞煎効涓嶆槗鐞嗚В缁撴瀯杈冨鏉傜殑瀹屾暣鍙ャ��6宀佸乏鍙崇殑骞煎効鑳藉璇村嚭瀹屾暣鐨勫彞瀛愶紝浣嗗彞瀛愯川閲忓苟涓嶉珮銆傛暀甯堝簲璇ュ湪鏃ュ父鐢熸椿涓埄鐢ㄥ辜鍎垮枩娆㈢殑娓告垙鏂瑰紡銆佺珵璧涙柟寮忕瓑璁╁辜鍎夸笉鏂湴缁�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page-box" page="45">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(45) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c pad-t-55 pad-l-14 mb-25 header-left">
+ <li class="header-left-Number">38</li>
+ <li class="header-left-text">骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛涓庢椿鍔ㄦ寚瀵�</li>
+ <img
+ class="header-left-img"
+ src="../../images/yemei-left.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ </ul>
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ 涔犺瀹屾暣鍙ワ紝杩欐牱寰�寰�鑳借捣鍒颁簨鍗婂姛鍊嶇殑鏁堟灉銆傚湪娲诲姩杩囩▼涓紝鏁欏笀搴旇鍏堣骞煎効涓诲姩鐢ㄥ畬鏁村彞瀛愯〃杈撅紝褰撳彂鐜板叾琛ㄨ揪涓嶆伆褰撶殑鏃跺�欙紝鏁欏笀鍐嶅幓鎻愰啋銆佽ˉ鍏咃紝杩欐牱鏈夊姪浜庡辜鍎跨煡閬撹嚜宸辩殑闂鎵�鍦紝骞舵槑纭浣曚慨姝ｃ��
+ </p>
+ <p class="left"><span class="bj2">鐩稿叧閾炬帴</span></p>
+ <div class="tp-5-1">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-1" alt="" src="../../images/tb-5.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p class="center">
+ <span class="zt-ls1"
+ >鑳藉鎻愰珮骞煎効璇█鑳藉姏鐨勬皯闂存父鎴�<a id="w7"></a
+ ><a href="chapter002.html#m7"><sup>[7]</sup></a></span
+ >
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 1.鎷嶆墜姝屻�傛父鎴忓紑濮嬪墠锛屼袱浜洪潰瀵归潰鍧愬ソ鎴栫珯绔嬨�備袱浜哄厛鍚勮嚜鍦ㄨ兏鍓嶆媿涓�涓嬭嚜宸辩殑鎵嬶紝鎺ョ潃涓や汉鐨勫彸鎵嬩簰鎷嶏紝闅忓嵆涓や汉鍐嶅悇鑷湪鑳稿墠鎷嶄竴涓嬭嚜宸辩殑鎵嬶紝鐒跺悗涓や汉鐨勫乏鎵嬩簰鎷嶏紝寰幆寰�澶嶃�傚湪娓告垙杩囩▼涓紝涓や汉涓�杈规媿鎵嬶紝涓�杈瑰敱璇垫瓕璋ｏ紝鎷嶆墜鑺傚瑕佸拰娓告垙姝岃妭濂忕浉鍗忚皟銆傛媿閿欑殑浜轰究杈撲簡娓告垙锛岃鎺ュ彈瀵规柟鐨勬儵缃氥��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 2.鎷夊ぇ閿�傛媺澶ч敮鏄湪鎴戝浗鍚勫湴鍚勬皯鏃忎腑娴佷紶骞挎硾鐨勪竴绉嶆皯闂翠紶缁熸父鎴忥紝鏈夌殑鍦版柟绉板叾涓衡�滅瓫閿ｂ�濇垨鈥滅瓫閿ｉ敚鈥濄�備竴鑸槸澶т汉鍦ㄥ搫骞煎効鏃跺父鐜╃殑娓告垙锛屼篃鍙互鏄袱涓瀛愪箣闂寸殑娓告垙銆傛父鎴忔椂锛屾父鎴忚�呴潰瀵归潰鍧愮潃锛屽弻鎵嬩竴鎷変竴閫佸湴鍋氱潃閿湪宸ヤ汉閿湪澶寸殑鍔ㄤ綔锛岃竟鍋氬姩浣滆竟鍞扁�滄媺澶ч敮鈥濈璋ｏ紝涓�鎷変竴閫侊紝涓�鍞变竴绛斻��
+ </p>
+ <div class="bk2">
+ <p class="center"><b>鏈珷灏忕粨</b></p>
+ <p>
+ 鏈珷涓哄辜鍎胯瑷�鏁欒偛鐨勫熀纭�閮ㄥ垎锛屼笉浠呭骞煎効璇█瀛︿範鐨勭浉鍏崇悊璁恒�佸奖鍝嶅洜绱犲仛浜嗙畝瑕佹杩帮紝杩樺氨0锝�6宀佸辜鍎胯瑷�鍙戝睍鐗圭偣鍜屾暀鑲茶鐐瑰仛浜嗙郴缁熼槓杩般�傚叧浜庡辜鍎胯瑷�瀛︿範锛屽敖绠′笉鍚岀悊璁烘祦娲惧垎姝у緢澶э紝浣嗘墍鏈夎鐐归兘鏈変竴瀹氬彲鍙栦箣澶勶紝涔熸湁鍊煎緱鍙嶆�濈殑鍦版柟锛屽笀鐢熷簲璇ョ患鍚堢湅寰呭悇绉嶇悊璁虹殑涓嶅悓瑙傜偣锛屽彇鍏剁簿鍗庯紝鍘诲叾绯熺矔銆傚辜鍎胯瑷�瀛︿範涓嶄粎鍙楀埌鍏堝ぉ鍥犵礌鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝杩樹細鍙楀埌蹇冪悊鍥犵礌銆佺ぞ浼氬洜绱犮�佹暀鑲插拰绗﹀彿鏈韩鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝骞煎効鏁欏笀搴旇缁煎悎鎶婃彙杩欎簺褰卞搷鍥犵礌锛屼负骞煎効鍒涜鑹ソ鐨勮瑷�鍙戝睍鐜銆備笉鍚屽勾榫勯樁娈碉紝璇█鍙戝睍鍚勬湁鐗圭偣锛屾暀鑲茬瓥鐣ュ簲寤虹珛鍦ㄥ骞煎効璇█鍙戝睍鐞嗚В鐨勫熀纭�涔嬩笂銆傚彧鏈夌瀛︽妸鎻″悇骞撮緞闃舵骞煎効璇█鐨勫彂灞曠壒鐐癸紝鎵嶈兘鎻愪緵閫傚疁骞煎効鍙戝睍鐨勮瑷�鏁欒偛锛屽府鍔╁辜鍎垮疄鐜拌瑷�姘村钩鐨勬彁鍗囥��
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <p><span class="zt-1">鍏抽敭鏈</span></p>
+ <div class="tp-8">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-3" alt="" src="../../images/tb-9.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">璇█鍙戝睍鍏堝ぉ璁�</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">鐜璁�</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">鐩镐簰浣滅敤璁�</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">璇煶鏁欒偛</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">璇嶆眹鏁欒偛</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="notIndent">璇硶鏁欒偛</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="1"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <p class="note">
+ <a id="m7"></a><a href="chapter002.html#w7">[7]</a>
+ 鏋楃户瀵�.涓浗姘戦棿娓告垙鎬绘眹锛氳瑷�鏂囧瓧鍗穂M].闀挎矙锛氭箹鍗楁枃鑹哄嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2016锛�329锛�350.鏈夋敼鍔ㄣ��
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="page-box" page="46">
+ <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(46) > -1">
+ <ul class="fl al-c jc-fe pad-t-55 mb-25 pad-r-14">
+ <img
+ class="headerTextImg"
+ src="../../images/yemei-right.png"
+ alt=""
+ />
+ <li class="headerText">绗簩绔� 瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鏁欒偛</li>
+ <li class="headerRightNumber">39</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="bodystyle">
+ <p>
+ <span class="zt-2">鎬�</span><span class="zt-3">鑰�</span
+ ><span class="zt-2">棰�</span>
+ </p>
+ <div class="tp-9">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-6" alt="" src="../../images/tb-10.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p>1.绠�杩板叿鏈変唬琛ㄦ�х殑瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鑾峰緱鐞嗚銆�</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p>2.涓句緥璇存槑瀛﹀墠鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鐨勫奖鍝嶅洜绱犮��</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p>3.绠�杩�0锝�3宀佸効绔ヨ瑷�鍙戝睍鐨勭壒鐐广��</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p>4.闃愯堪鍩瑰吇骞煎効璇村畬鏁村彞鐨勪富瑕佺瓥鐣ャ��</p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="left"><span class="bj4">瀹炶缁冧範</span></p>
+ <p>
+ 瑙傚療鏌愬勾榫勫辜鍎夸翰瀛愬崐鏃ユ椿鍔紝璁板綍瀹堕暱浣跨敤鈥滃効璇�濇儏鍐碉紝璇稿鈥滃悆楗キ鈥濃�滃紑杞﹁溅鈥濈瓑銆傛挵鍐欒瀵熸姤鍛婂苟闃愰噴浣犲杩欑鐜拌薄鐨勭悊瑙ｃ��
+ </p>
+ <div class="bk-xyx">
+ <textarea rows="6"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ <p class="left1">
+ <span class="zt-3">鎷�</span><span class="zt-2">灞�</span
+ ><span class="zt-3">闃�</span><span class="zt-2">璇�</span>
+ </p>
+ <div class="tp-10">
+ <p><img class="rwmb-6" alt="" src="../../images/tb-11.png" /></p>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ 1.褰亙榫�.姹夎鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍涓庝績杩涳蓟M锛�.鍖椾含锛氫汉姘戞暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2008.
+ </p>
+ <p class="block">
+ 鏈功姹囬泦浜嗗鑰呬滑鍦ㄢ�滄眽璇効绔ヨ瑷�鍙戝睍涓庝績杩涒�濊棰樹腑鎵�鍙栧緱鐨勪竴浜涗富瑕佺爺绌舵垚鏋滐紝涔熼�夊叆浜嗗湪鈥滄眽璇鐭ヤ笌姹夎瀛︿範鈥濊棰樹腑鐨勯儴鍒嗘垚鏋溿�傚叏涔﹀垎鎴愪簲缂栵紝绗竴缂栦粙缁嶄簡鍎跨鍏冭瑷�鎰忚瘑鐨勫彂灞曪紝绗簩缂栦粙缁嶄簡鍎跨璇嶆眹鐨勫彂灞曪紝绗笁缂栦粙缁嶄簡鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鐨勪績杩涙潯浠讹紝绗洓缂栦粙缁嶄簡璇█鐨勭敓鐗╁鍩虹锛岀浜旂紪浠嬬粛浜嗚瑷�闅滅鐨勭爺绌躲�傚叏涔﹀3锝�6宀佸辜鍎胯瑷�鍙戝睍涓庢暀鑲蹭腑鐨勫緢澶氶棶棰橀兘鏈夊瑙傝�屼赴瀵岀殑璁鸿堪锛屾涔﹀唴瀹规槸瀵规湰绔犵煡璇嗙殑琛ュ厖涓庡欢浼革紝璇昏�呰鐪熺爺璇绘涔︽湁鍔╀簬褰㈡垚姣旇緝瀹屾暣銆佸瑙傜殑璇█鏁欒偛瑙傘��
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 2.鏉ㄧ孩鏁忥紝闄堣嫳锛岀帇灏忕孩.骞煎効鍥瑷�鏁欒偛浼犳壙涓崕浼犵粺鏂囧寲鐮旂┒鐑偣鍜岃秼鍔匡細鍩轰簬Cite
+ Space 5.6.R5鐨勫彲瑙嗗寲鍒嗘瀽[J].涔愬北甯堣寖瀛﹂櫌瀛︽姤锛�2021锛�5锛�.
+ </p>
+ <p class="block">
+ 鏈枃涓昏杩愮敤鏂囩尞璁￠噺娉曞拰绉戝鐭ヨ瘑鍥捐氨鏂规硶闃愯堪浜嗗辜鍎垮洯璇█鏁欒偛浼犳壙涓崕浼犵粺鏂囧寲鐮旂┒鐨勬椂绌哄垎甯冦�佸彂灞曞巻绋嬨�佸彂灞曚环鍊笺�佺爺绌跺唴瀹广�佹椿鍔ㄧ瓥鐣ョ瓑鍐呭銆傝鑰呴�氳繃闃呰鏈枃锛岃兘澶熷杩涘璇█鏁欒偛鍦ㄤ紶鎵夸腑鍗庝紶缁熸枃鍖栨柟闈㈣捣浣滅敤鐨勮鍚岋紝鍔犳繁瀵硅瑷�涓庢枃鍖栦箣闂村叧绯荤殑璁よ瘑銆�
+ </p>
+ <p class="block">
+ 銆婇珮绛夊鏍¤绋嬫�濇斂寤鸿鎸囧绾茶銆嬪湪璇剧▼鎬濇斂寤鸿鐨勭洰鏍囪姹傚拰鍐呭閲嶇偣涓槑纭彁鍑猴紝鏁欏笀搴斿姞寮轰腑鍗庝紭绉�浼犵粺鏂囧寲鏁欒偛銆傛暀甯堝簲澶у姏寮樻壃浠ョ埍鍥戒富涔変负鏍稿績鐨勬皯鏃忕簿绁炲拰浠ユ敼闈╁垱鏂颁负鏍稿績鐨勬椂浠ｇ簿绁烇紝鏁欒偛寮曞瀛︾敓娣卞埢鐞嗚В涓崕浼樼浼犵粺鏂囧寲涓浠佺埍銆侀噸姘戞湰銆佸畧璇氫俊銆佸磭姝ｄ箟銆佸皻鍜屽悎銆佹眰澶у悓鐨勬�濇兂绮惧崕鍜屾椂浠ｄ环鍊硷紝鏁欒偛寮曞瀛︾敓浼犳壙涓崕鏂囪剦锛屽瘜鏈変腑鍥藉績銆侀ケ鍚腑鍥芥儏銆佸厖婊′腑鍥藉懗銆傚辜鍎挎暀甯堟槸鍩瑰吇骞煎効鈥滀腑鍥芥儏鎬�鈥濈殑涓讳綋锛屾暀甯堣瀵瑰辜鍎垮洯璇█鏁欒偛鍦ㄤ紶鎵夸腑鍗庝紶缁熸枃鍖栦腑鐨勪环鍊笺�佹柟娉曟湁鏄庣‘鎶婃彙銆�
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</template>
+
+<script>
+export default {
+ name: "chapter002",
+ props: {
+ showPageList: {
+ type: Array,
+ },
+ },
+
+ data() {
+ return {
+ chapter001: {},
+ example: [
+ {
+ isComplete: false,
+ isShowAnswer: false,
+ unit: [
+ {
+ txt: "1宀佸崐鐨勫効绔ユ兂缁欏濡堝悆楗煎共鏃讹紝浼氳锛氣�滃濡堚�濃�滈ゼ鈥濃�滃悆鈥濆苟鎶婇ゼ骞查�掕繃鍘伙紝杩欒〃鏄庤闃舵鍎跨璇█鍙戝睍鐨勪竴涓富瑕佺壒鐐规槸锛堛��銆�锛�",
+ isRight: null,
+ answer: "A",
+ userAnswer: "",
+ option: [
+ {
+ txt: "鐢垫姤鍙�",
+ value: "A",
+ },
+ {
+ txt: "瀹屾暣鍙�",
+ value: "B",
+ },
+ {
+ txt: "鍗曡瘝鍙�",
+ value: "C",
+ },
+ {
+ txt: "绠�鍗曞彞",
+ value: "D",
+ },
+ ],
+ },
+ ],
+ },
+ {
+ isComplete: false,
+ isShowAnswer: false,
+ unit: [
+ {
+ txt: "鍎跨瀛︿範璇█鐨勫叧閿湡鏄紙銆�銆�锛�",
+ isRight: null,
+ answer: "B",
+ userAnswer: "",
+ option: [
+ {
+ txt: "0锝�1宀�",
+ value: "A",
+ },
+ {
+ txt: "1锝�3宀�",
+ value: "B",
+ },
+ {
+ txt: "3锝�6宀�",
+ value: "C",
+ },
+ {
+ txt: "5锝�6宀�",
+ value: "D",
+ },
+ ],
+ },
+ ],
+ },
+ {
+ isComplete: false,
+ isShowAnswer: false,
+ unit: [
+ {
+ txt: "2锝�6宀佸効绔ユ帉鎻＄殑璇嶆眹鏁伴噺杩呴�熷鍔狅紝璇嶇被鑼冨洿涓嶆柇鎵╁ぇ锛岃鏃舵湡鍎跨鎺屾彙璇嶆眹鐨勯『搴忛�氬父鏄紙銆�銆�锛�",
+ isRight: null,
+ answer: "C",
+ userAnswer: "",
+ option: [
+ {
+ txt: "鍔ㄨ瘝銆佸悕璇嶃�佸舰瀹硅瘝",
+ value: "A",
+ },
+ {
+ txt: "鍔ㄨ瘝銆佸舰瀹硅瘝銆佸悕璇�",
+ value: "B",
+ },
+ {
+ txt: "鍚嶈瘝銆佸姩璇嶃�佸舰瀹硅瘝",
+ value: "C",
+ },
+ {
+ txt: "褰㈠璇嶃�佸姩璇嶃�佸悕璇�",
+ value: "D",
+ },
+ ],
+ },
+ ],
+ },
+ ],
+ };
+ },
+ methods: {
+ setBookQuestion() {
+ this.$emit("setBookQuestion", this.chapter001);
+ },
+ goExample(example) {
+ for (let index = 0; index < example.unit.length; index++) {
+ const item = example.unit[index];
+ if (item.userAnswer == item.answer) {
+ item.isRight = true;
+ } else {
+ item.isRight = false;
+ }
+ }
+ example.isComplete = true;
+ example.isShowAnswer = true;
+ },
+ changeExample(example, key) {
+ localStorage.removeItem("toddleGame-book-chapter01-" + key);
+ for (let index = 0; index < example.unit.length; index++) {
+ const item = example.unit[index];
+ item.userAnswer = "";
+ item.isRight = null;
+ }
+ example.isComplete = false;
+ example.isShowAnswer = false;
+ },
+ saveExample(key, example) {
+ localStorage.setItem(
+ "toddleGame-book-chapter01-" + key,
+ JSON.stringify(example)
+ );
+ },
+ },
+};
+</script>
--
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