学前教育评价样章

zhongshujie

2025-02-17 4b04bb4269d55c1b415deeeb9e071bbb02fd4582

 src/books/preschoolEvaluation/view/components/chapter001.vue

@@ -134,10 +134,21 @@
                    <p>第四，学前教育评价是一种反馈—矫正系统。要通过不断地判断、分析和比较，来判断是否有效；如果无效，必须思考采取什么手段才能确保过程的有效性，从而为学前教育决策和采取更佳的学前教育政策提供科学、及时的服务。
                    </p>
                    <div class="bk3">
                        <p class="left"><span class="zt-ls1">教师资格考试·考点分析</span></p>
                        <p>《保教知识与能力》考试大纲“考试目标”第六条提出，幼儿教师要具有“幼儿园教育评价的基础知识和能力。了解教育评价的基础知识，能够运用评价知识对教育活动进行反思，改进保育教育工作”。</p>
                        <p>注：学前教育评价基础知识包括的内容很多，本章所示学前教育评价的含义，相关概念的阐释，评价的意义、作用、原则、类型等都属于基础知识，这些内容都是需要学习者首先学习并掌握的。只有学习和掌握了基础知识，才谈得上掌握评价技能和提升评价能力。
                        </p>
                        <img class="bk3-titOne img-j" src="../../assets//images/bk3-bg.png" alt="">
                        <img class="bk3-titTwo img-j" src="../../assets//images/bk3-bg.png" alt="">
                        <img class="bk3-titThree img-j" src="../../assets//images/bk3-bg.png" alt="">
                        <img class="bk3-titFour img-j" src="../../assets//images/bk3-bg.png" alt="">
                        <p class="bk3-top"></p>
                        <p class=" bk3-top-right"></p>
                        <p class="bk3-bottom"></p>
                        <p class=" bk3-bottom-right"></p>
                        <div>
                            <p class="left mb-10"><span class="zt-ls1">教师资格考试·考点分析</span></p>
                            <p>《保教知识与能力》考试大纲“考试目标”第六条提出，幼儿教师要具有“幼儿园教育评价的基础知识和能力。了解教育评价的基础知识，能够运用评价知识对教育活动进行反思，改进保育教育工作”。
                            </p>
                            <p class="fm-kt mb-20">注：学前教育评价基础知识包括的内容很多，本章所示学前教育评价的含义，相关概念的阐释，评价的意义、作用、原则、类型等都属于基础知识，这些内容都是需要学习者首先学习并掌握的。只有学习和掌握了基础知识，才谈得上掌握评价技能和提升评价能力。
                            </p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <h4 id="d002"><span class="h4-zt">二、</span>相关概念阐释</h4>
                    <p>教育评价、教育评估、教育测量与教育研究是我们在教育评价领域会接触到的几个常见概念，那么，它们之间有什么样的区别与联系呢？</p>
@@ -494,7 +505,7 @@
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="img1">表1-2 学前教育督导评估指标体系</p>
                    <p class="center"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0029-1.jpg" /></p>
                    <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0029-1-1.png" /></p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
@@ -509,6 +520,8 @@
                    <img class="header-left-img" src="../../assets/images/yemei-left.png" alt="">
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="continued fz-14">续表</p>
                    <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0029-1-2.png" /></p>
                    <h5 id="e014">（二）局部评价</h5>
                    <p>相对于整体评价来说，局部评价所涉及的区域范围和内容范围都要小一些，它是对教育的某一个方面或者教育机构内部的某一个部分进行的评价。比如，对省级示范类幼儿园区域活动设置的评价，对普惠性民办幼儿园大型活动设施设备的评价，对某县乡镇中心幼儿园教师队伍建设与管理的评价等，都可以看作局部评价。局部评价的优点是评价的问题比较集中，容易进行相对深入的研究与分析，对所评价的机构或活动有较为直接的指导价值。其缺点是由于评价范围的缩小，评价结果的普适性不足，难以在较大范围内进行指导。
                    </p>
@@ -528,7 +541,176 @@
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="img1">表1-3 班级区域游戏活动开展情况评价表</p>
                    <p class="center"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0031-1.jpg" /></p>
                    <p class="td-2 mr-0">
                        <span class="td-2 fz-14">班级：<input v-model="questionData.teskOne.one"
                                class="table-input-border-w20 fz-14 mr-5" @change="setBookQuestion" /></span>
                        <span class="td-1 fz-14">记录者：<input v-model="questionData.teskOne.two"
                                class="table-input-border-w20 fz-14 mr-5" @change="setBookQuestion" /></span>
                        <span class="td-1 fz-14">日期：<input v-model="questionData.teskOne.three"
                                class="table-input-border-w20 fz-14 mr-5" @change="setBookQuestion" /></span>
                    </p>
                    <table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"
                        style="border-color: #00AEEF; border-collapse: collapse" class="fz-14 img-0">
                        <tr class="table-title-bc">
                            <td class="center">区域名称</td>
                            <td class="center">参与人数</td>
                            <td class="center">活动时长</td>
                            <td class="center">活动材料</td>
                            <td class="center">活动内容</td>
                            <td class="center">活动指导</td>
                            <td class="center">活动评价</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class="table-th-bc">
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.one" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.two" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.three" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.four" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.five" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.six" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.seven" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.eight" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.nine" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.ten" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.eleven" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.twelve" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.thirteen" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableOne.fourteen" class="table-input-border fz-14"
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.one" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.four" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.five" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.six" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.seven" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr class="table-th-bc">
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.eight" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.nine" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.ten" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.eleven" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.twelve" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.thirteen" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableTwo.fourteen" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
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                        <tr class="table-th-bc">
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableThree.one" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
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                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableThree.two" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableThree.three" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
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                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
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                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableThree.five" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableThree.six" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                            <td class="center">
                                <input v-model="tableData.teskTableThree.seven" class="table-input-border fz-14"
                                    @change="setBookTableData" />
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                    </table>
                    <h4 id="d014"><span class="h4-zt">二、</span>按照评价的功能划分</h4>
                    <p>按照评价的功能，学前教育评价可划分为诊断性评价、形成性评价和总结性评价。</p>
                    <div class="pdf-text p-even">
@@ -574,7 +756,7 @@
                    </p>
                    <p>由于各类评价均有其独特的功能和作用，现在的学前教育评价较多采用诊断性评价、形成性评价和总结性评价相结合的评价。下面是一例诊断性评价和总结性评价相结合的评价（见表1-4）。</p>
                    <p class="img1">表1-4 “4～6岁留守儿童语言与社会性发展能力提升项目”评估量表（教师用）</p>
                    <p class="center"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0032-1.jpg" /></p>
                    <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0032-1-1.png" /></p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
@@ -587,7 +769,15 @@
                    <li class="headerRightNumber">021</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="continued fz-14">续表</p>
                    <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0032-1-2.png" /></p>
                    <div class="bk3">
                        <img class="bk3-titOne img-j" src="../../assets//images/bk3-bg.png" alt="">
                        <img class="bk3-titTwo img-j" src="../../assets//images/bk3-bg.png" alt="">
                        <img class="bk3-titThree img-j" src="../../assets//images/bk3-bg.png" alt="">
                        <img class="bk3-titFour img-j" src="../../assets//images/bk3-bg.png" alt="">
                        <p class="bk3-top"></p>
                        <p class=" bk3-top-right"></p>
                        <p class="left"><span class="zt-ls1">教师资格考试·真题再现</span></p>
                        <p>（2019年下半年）<b>幼儿园教师资格考试《保教知识与能力》真题</b></p>
                        <p>在教学过程中，王老师随时观察和评价幼儿的行为表现，并以此为依据调整指导策略，该老师采用的评价方式是（　　）。</p>
@@ -595,6 +785,8 @@
                        <p>B.标准化评价</p>
                        <p>C.终结性评价</p>
                        <p>D.形成性评价</p>
                        <p class="bk3-bottom"></p>
                        <p class=" bk3-bottom-right"></p>
                    </div>
                    <h4 id="d015"><span class="h4-zt">三、</span>按照评价的参照体系划分</h4>
                    <p>按照评价的参照体系，学前教育评价可分为相对评价、绝对评价和个体内差异评价。</p>
@@ -613,8 +805,8 @@
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <h5 id="e019">（一）相对评价</h5>
                    <div class="img-rights w200">
                        <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-c" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0034-1.jpg" />
                    <div class="img-rights w160">
                        <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0034-1.jpg" />
                        </p>
                        <p class="img1">图1-1 相对评价示意图</p>
                    </div>
@@ -649,13 +841,13 @@
                            src="../../assets/images/0035-7.jpg" />，这种个体内差异评价可以用图1-3表示。另一种个体内差异评价是把某一个对象的各个侧面相比较后做出评价。假定评价的对象为<i>A</i>，该对象的各个侧面为<i>A</i><sub>1</sub>，<i>A</i><sub>2</sub>，<i>A</i><sub>3</sub>，…，<i>A<sub>n</sub></i>，这种个体内差异评价可以用图1-4表示。
                    </p>
                    <div class="fl al-c">
                        <div>
                            <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-b" alt=""
                        <div class="fl fd-c al-c">
                            <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-c" alt=""
                                    src="../../assets/images/0035-1.jpg" /></p>
                            <p class="img1">图1-3 个体内差异评价（一）</p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-b" alt=""
                            <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-c" alt=""
                                    src="../../assets/images/0035-2.jpg" /></p>
                            <p class="img1">图1-4 个体内差异评价（二）</p>
                        </div>
@@ -663,7 +855,7 @@
                    <p>比如，一所幼儿园原来的教育质量比较差，经过几年的发展，其教育质量在评测中有了很大的提升，就可以说这个幼儿园进步了；一个幼儿在小班时候的行为习惯较差，到了大班再评价这个幼儿的行为习惯时他有了很大的改善，就可以说这个幼儿的行为习惯有了很大的改进。这种对一个机构或者一个个体过去和现在差别的评价都属于个体内差异评价。下面是一个对某县（乡、村）幼儿教育发展情况进行个体内差异评价的实例（见表1-5）。
                    </p>
                    <p class="img1">表1-5 某县（乡、村）幼儿教育发展情况统计表<sup>①</sup></p>
                    <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0035-3.jpg" /></p>
                    <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0035-3-1.png" /></p>
                    <hr class="img-g">
                    <p class="note td-0">&nbsp;&nbsp;<a id="m1">①</a>&emsp;
                        中央教育科学研究所幼教室：《幼儿教育自我评价指导手册》，74～75页，北京，教育科学出版社，2010。收入本书时有改动。</p>
@@ -681,6 +873,8 @@
                    <img class="header-left-img" src="../../assets/images/yemei-left.png" alt="">
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="continued fz-14">续表</p>
                    <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0035-3-2.png" /></p>
                    <p>个体内差异评价的第二种情况在学前教育评价中应用也十分广泛。比如，对幼儿智能的评价，可以通过对该幼儿八种智能进行比较，看看这名幼儿哪种智能是强项，哪种智能是弱项，最终评价其智能发展情况。又如，评价一名大班幼儿全面发展的情况，可以对该幼儿的健康、语言、社会、科学和艺术五个领域的发展水平进行测查与评定，然后再评价这名幼儿在哪个领域发展得好，在哪个领域发展得一般，在哪个领域发展得较差，从而为幼儿教师和家长提供较为具体的教育和指导建议。我们依据《指南》中的标准制定了一个评价5～6岁儿童全面发展情况的评价表，见二维码。
                    </p>
                    <p>总之，个体内差异评价充分尊重了个体间的差异性，不会给评价对象带来恐惧或压力，但也容易导致评价对象的自我满足与陶醉，从而阻碍个体最大限度地成长与发展。所以，我们常常将个体内差异评价与相对评价结合起来使用，这样就能弥补两者的缺陷和不足。
@@ -703,7 +897,7 @@
                    <h4 id="d016"><span class="h4-zt">四、</span>按照评价的主体划分</h4>
                    <p>按照评价主体，学前教育评价分为自我评价、他人评价和自我与他人相结合的评价。下面详细介绍自我评价和他人评价。</p>
                    <h5 id="e022">（一）自我评价</h5>
                    <p>自我评价是指评价者对自己进行的评价。比如，一位幼儿教师在开展一次具体的教育活动之后的“教育反思”就是自我评价，一位教师参与某类学习活动后的反思与总结也是自我评价，学期末教师所做的自我鉴定或工作总结也是一种自我评价。自我评价是一种非常便于开展的评价方式，随时、随地、每天、每周、每月、每学期都可以进行，幼儿教师应善于运用这种评价方式改进自己的教育教学工作。当然，自我评价也有不足之处，由于缺乏横向比较，自我评价的客观性相对较差。
                    <p>自我评价是指评价者对自己进行的评价。比如，一位幼儿教师在开展一次具体的教育活动之后的“教育反思”就是自我评价，一位教师参与某类学习活动后的反思与总结也是自我评价，学期末教师所做的自我鉴定或工作总结也是一种自我评价。自我评价是一种非常便于开展的评价方式，随时、随地、每天、每周、每月、每学期都可以进行，幼儿教师应善于运用这种评价方式改进自己的教育教学工作。
                    </p>
                </div>
            </div>
@@ -717,10 +911,13 @@
                    <li class="headerRightNumber">025</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="td-0">
                        当然，自我评价也有不足之处，由于缺乏横向比较，自我评价的客观性相对较差。
                    </p>
                    <p>需要说明的是，自我评价虽然是自己评价自己，但也不是毫无标准和根据的随意评价。评价哪些方面，评价的结果是什么，评价的标准是什么，依据哪些材料进行评价，应是别人可以听到和看到的。同样，自我评价最好是形成性评价和总结性评价相结合。下面就是对一位幼儿教师参加“幼师国培”后设计的培训绩效自我评价表（见表1-6）。
                    </p>
                    <p class="img1">表1-6 “幼师国培”绩效自我评价表</p>
                    <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0037-1.jpg" /></p>
                    <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0037-1-1.png" /></p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
@@ -735,6 +932,8 @@
                    <img class="header-left-img" src="../../assets/images/yemei-left.png" alt="">
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="continued fz-14">续表</p>
                    <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0037-1-2.png" /></p>
                    <h5 id="e023">（二）他人评价</h5>
                    <p>他人评价是指除自身以外的任何人或组织对该对象进行的评价。例如，教师对幼儿的评价、幼儿教师之间的相互评价、幼儿园管理者对幼儿教师的评价、幼儿家长对幼儿园教师的评价、上级主管部门对幼儿园的评价等都属于他人评价。下面是一个他人评价表（见表1-7）。
                    </p>
@@ -764,6 +963,8 @@
                    <p class="center openImgBox"><img class="img-0" alt="" src="../../assets/images/0039-1.jpg" /></p>
                    <h4 id="d017"><span class="h4-zt">五</span>按照评价的层次划分</h4>
                    <p>按照评价的层次，学前教育评价分为分析评价和综合评价。</p>
                    <p><br></p>
                    <p><br></p>
                    <hr class="img-g">
                    <p class="note td-0">&nbsp;&nbsp;<a id="m1">①</a>&emsp;
                        霍力岩等：《学前教育评价》第3版，34～35页，北京，北京师范大学出版社，2015。收入本书时有改动。</p>
@@ -924,9 +1125,70 @@
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                    thirteen: "",
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                teskTableThree: {
                    one: "",
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                    five: "",
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    },
    async mounted() {
        const bookQuestion = localStorage.getItem("preschoolEvaluation-book-chapter01");
        if (bookQuestion) {
            this.questionData = JSON.parse(bookQuestion);
        }

        const bookTableData = localStorage.getItem("preschoolEvaluation-book-chapter01-tableData");
        if (bookTableData) {
            this.tableData = JSON.parse(bookTableData);
        }

        const videoData = localStorage.getItem("preschoolEvaluation-book-chapter01-Data");
        if (videoData) {
            this.chapterData = JSON.parse(videoData);
@@ -989,7 +1251,7 @@
                    "视频：学前教育评价的类型"
                );
                this.chapterData.isCollectVideo02 = !this.chapterData.isCollectVideo02;
            } 
            }
            this.handleChapterData();
        },
        handleChapterData() {
@@ -1029,7 +1291,6 @@
                this.collectResourceList
            );
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        toUrl(val) {
            if (val) {
                this.p_md5 = this.chapter001.pdfMd5[val].md5
@@ -1037,6 +1298,19 @@
                this.$refs.pdfDialogRef.openDialog()
            }
        },
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                "preschoolEvaluation-book-chapter01",
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        setBookTableData() {
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                "preschoolEvaluation-book-chapter01-tableData",
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