zhongshujie
19 小时以前 e33672cf85da88d515d5fe6ccc0a139c3cfaa5db
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<template>
    <div class="chapter" num="12">
        <div class="page-box" page="193">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(193) > -1">
                <div class="header">
                    <span class="header-right"></span>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <h1 class="firstTitle-l">项目十&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿戴入后问题及处理</h1>
 
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="t80" src="../../assets/images/0023-01.jpg" alt="" active="true" />
                    </div>
                    <p class="center"><span class="bold">素质目标</span></p>
                    <p class="content">(1)具有敏锐的观察力和严谨的思维能力,能精准识别可摘局部义齿戴入后各类问题,并树立全面分析问题、冷静解决问题的职业素养。</p>
                    <p class="content">(2)具有良好的医患沟通意识和同理心,在处理可摘局部义齿戴入后问题时,树立以患者为中心、耐心服务的职业道德理念,增强患者对治疗的信任感和配合度。</p>
                    <p class="center">.......................</p>
                    <p class="center"><span class="bold">知识目标</span></p>
                    <p class="content">(1)掌握:可摘局部义齿戴入后出现基牙疼痛、软组织疼痛、义齿固位不良、义齿咀嚼功能差等的原因及处理方法。</p>
                    <p class="content">(2)熟悉:义齿戴入后问题的修理、添加和重衬方法。</p>
                    <p class="content">(3)了解:义齿戴入后食物嵌塞、发音障碍、人工牙咬颊黏膜、咬舌、戴义齿后的美观问题的处理方法。</p>
                    <p class="center">.......................</p>
                    <p class="center"><span class="bold">能力目标</span></p>
                    <p class="content">(1)能够对可摘局部义齿戴入后患者的口腔状况及义齿佩戴情况进行全面、准确的检查评估,发现存在的问题并判断其严重程度。</p>
                    <p class="content">(2)能够根据检查结果,独立制订合理有效的处理方案。</p>
                    <p class="content">(3)能够在处理问题过程中对患者进行正确的健康教育与指导。</p>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img src="../../assets/images/0204-01.jpg" style="width:30%" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
                    <p class="content">
                        可摘局部义齿带入后可能会出现各种各样的问题,如基牙疼痛、软组织疼痛、义齿就位困难、义齿固位不良等问题,义齿在使用一段时间后,也可能会出现人工牙脱落、基托折断等问题,针对这些问题,需要找出原因并学会如何进行处理。
                    </p>
                </div>
                <footer class="footerstyle">184</footer>
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        <div class="page-box" page="194">
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                <div class="header-container">
                    <div class="header-content">
                        <span class="header-title">项目十&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿戴入后问题及处理</span>
                        <img class="cs" src="../../assets/images/yuan.png" alt="" />
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <h2 class="secondTitle">任务一&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿戴入后常见问题</h2>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="t80" src="../../assets/images/0027-02.jpg" alt="" active="true" />
                    </div>
                    <p class="content"><span class="bold">【案例】</span></p>
                    <p class="content">患者,男,68岁。因下颌双侧67缺失,行可摘局部义齿修复后发现左下颌第二前磨牙疼痛,遂来就诊。</p>
                    <p class="content"><span class="bold">【问题】</span></p>
                    <p class="content">1.分析患者义齿修复后左下5疼痛原因,并给出处理方案。</p>
                    <p class="content">2.面对患者的不适,怎样以专业、耐心的态度处理,既能有效解决问题,又能安抚患者情绪?</p>
                    <p class="titleQuot-1">【任务分析】</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        面对患者可摘局部义齿戴入后的问题时,要给予人文关怀,耐心倾听患者的描述,用温和的态度安抚患者情绪。秉持精益求精的态度,严谨细致地排查每一个可能因素,不放过任何细节。如实告知患者问题产生的原因、解决方案及预期效果,做到诚实守信。
                    </p>
                    <p class="titleQuot-1">【知识链接】</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        患者戴入可摘局部义齿后,可能会出现的问题包括疼痛、固位不良、义齿咀嚼功能差、义齿摘戴困难、食物嵌塞、发音障碍、人工牙咬颊黏膜、咬舌、恶心和唾液增多、咀嚼肌和颞下颌关节不适、美观问题等问题。
                    </p>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">一、疼痛</h3>
                    <p class="content">疼痛的原因及处理方法见表10-1。</p>
                    <p class="imgtitle">表10-1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;疼痛的原因及处理方法</p>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="openImgBox t80" src="../../assets/images/0205-01.jpg" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
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                    <div class="header-divider"></div>
                    <span class="header-right">可摘局部义齿工艺技术</span>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
 
 
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="openImgBox t80" src="../../assets/images/0206-01.jpg" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">二、固位不良</h3>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img src="../../assets/images/0206-02.jpg" style="width:30%" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
                    <p class="content">固位不良的原因及处理方法见表10-2。</p>
                    <p class="imgtitle">表10-2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;固位不良的原因及处理方法</p>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="openImgBox t80" src="../../assets/images/0206-03.jpg" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
                </div>
                <footer class="footerstyle">186</footer>
            </div>
        </div>
 
 
        <div class="page-box" page="196">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(196) > -1">
                <div class="header-container">
                    <div class="header-content">
                        <span class="header-title">项目十&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿戴入后问题及处理</span>
                        <img class="cs" src="../../assets/images/yuan.png" alt="" />
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="openImgBox t80" src="../../assets/images/0207-01.jpg" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">三、义齿咀嚼功能差</h3>
                    <p class="content">1.人工牙<img class="s-pic" src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png"
                            alt="" />面过低、过小或牙尖斜度不够,均可导致义齿咀嚼功能的降低,应通过加大牙尖斜度或加深窝沟、加大<img class="s-pic"
                            src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png" alt="" />面、增加食物排溢道等方法来提高咀嚼功能。</p>
                    <p class="content">2.人工牙与对颌牙接触面积小或人工牙咬合高,造成天然牙接触不良,需调整人工牙咬合状态,加大后牙<img class="s-pic"
                            src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png" alt="" />面接触面积来提高咀嚼效能。</p>
                    <p class="content">3.恢复的垂直距离过低,因肌张力不足而影响咀嚼功能,需重新建立<img class="s-pic"
                            src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png" alt="" />关系,加高垂直距离。</p>
                    <p class="content">4.基牙少或牙周情况差,应增加基牙数量,增强义齿的支持力,提高咀嚼功能。</p>
                    <p class="content">5.牙槽嵴低平,牙槽嵴黏膜薄,承受负荷能力差,使义齿的咀嚼功能受限,应加大基托的覆盖面积。</p>
                </div>
                <div class="footer-container">187</div>
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                <div class="header">
                    <div class="header-divider"></div>
                    <span class="header-right">可摘局部义齿工艺技术</span>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
 
 
 
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">四、义齿摘戴困难</h3>
 
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(一)卡环不能就位</p>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img src="../../assets/images/0208-01.jpg" style="width:30%" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
                    <p class="content">卡环不能就位的原因及处理方法见表10-3。</p>
                    <p class="imgtitle">表10-3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;卡环不能就位的原因及处理方法</p>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="openImgBox t80" src="../../assets/images/0208-02.jpg" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(二)<img class="s-pic" src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png" alt="" />支托移位</p>
                    <p class="content">制作过程中模型受损,或装盒、充填树脂时<img class="s-pic" src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png"
                            alt="" />支托发生移位,都可能造成义齿不能就位,原则上必须重新制作。若轻微移位,可通过磨改少许<img class="s-pic"
                            src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png" alt="" />支托来解决。</p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(三)义齿非弹性部分进入倒凹区</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        人工牙和基托进入软、硬组织倒凹区,如果凸起部分明显,可以直接进行磨除。若阻挡部位不明显,可采用红蓝咬合纸进行检查,将义齿进行试戴,然后摘下义齿,仔细检查咬合纸留下的着色点,对这些着色点进行磨除即可磨去进入倒凹区的树脂基托,每次的磨除量不宜过多,以免使义齿与基牙间形成间隙,造成食物嵌塞。经如此反复试戴和调改,直到完全就位。
                    </p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(四)义齿变形</p>
                    <p class="content">导致义齿变形的原因:印模和模型不准,装盒和充填树脂时支架移位,开盒和磨光时支架和基托变形等。</p>
                </div>
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                <div class="header-container">
                    <div class="header-content">
                        <span class="header-title">项目十&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿戴入后问题及处理</span>
                        <img class="cs" src="../../assets/images/yuan.png" alt="" />
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="content">若是义齿局部的小变形,可以尝试修改纠正,如修改支架、基托衬垫等。若义齿变形较严重,则必须取模重新制作义齿。</p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(五)铸造支架式义齿不能就位</p>
                    <p class="content"><span class="bold">1.支架变形</span></p>
                    <p class="content">(1)琼脂印模材料质量不好,含水量高,强度和韧性差,在翻制模型过程中失水过多,造成阴模收缩变形。</p>
                    <p class="content">(2)高温包埋材料的热膨胀系数不够,不能补偿铸造后金属的收缩导致支架变形。</p>
                    <p class="content">(3)脱模铸造过程中,未能控制蜡型的变形因素。</p>
                    <p class="content">(4)铸道设置不合理,铸件未避开热中心区,导致支架各部分收缩不均匀。</p>
                    <p class="content">(5)模型有缺损,特别是<img class="s-pic" src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png"
                            alt="" />支托凹、牙冠轴面外形等部位有缺损。</p>
                    <p class="content">(6)开盒去除包埋石膏时,用力过大或方向不当也会导致义齿变形。</p>
                    <p class="content">(7)打磨过程中支架被磨损,甚至被甩出均会造成变形。</p>
                    <p class="content"><span
                            class="bold">2.设计不当</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;铸造支架式义齿不能就位可能是模型设计时共同就位道选择不当,或者不利的倒凹填补不够,致使卡环体、连接体进入倒凹区。
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">
                        支架变形的义齿必须重新取模、重新制作。义齿试戴时应按义齿设计的就位道方向试戴,轻轻施加压力,观察能否顺利就位,如有阻力,应分析原因进行修改。若确认支架变形,则必须重新制作。</p>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">五、食物嵌塞</h3>
                    <p class="content">
                        戴义齿后出现食物嵌塞和滞留,主要是由基托、卡环及金属连接杆与基牙、黏膜组织不密合引起的,或因义齿松脱、翘动而造成。可用局部衬垫或修理的方法来改善。需嘱患者加强口腔卫生保健和义齿的清洗,防止天然牙发生龋病和牙周病。
                    </p>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">六、发音障碍</h3>
                    <p class="content">发音障碍的原因及处理方法见表10-4。</p>
                    <p class="imgtitle">表10-4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;发音障碍的原因及处理方法</p>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="openImgBox t80" src="../../assets/images/0209-02.jpg" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
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                <div class="header">
                    <div class="header-divider"></div>
                    <span class="header-right">可摘局部义齿工艺技术</span>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
 
 
 
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">七、人工牙咬颊黏膜、咬舌</h3>
                    <p class="content">
                        人工牙咬颊黏膜、咬舌可能是多种原因造成的,针对不同的原因应当采用不同的处理方法。若为人工牙过于偏向颊侧或舌侧所致,可适当磨改人工牙的颊面或舌面,必要时应重新排列人工牙;若为<img
                            class="s-pic" src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png"
                            alt="" />平面过低所致,可适当升高下颌平面;若因长期缺牙,颊部软组织向内凹陷或变肥厚、舌体肥大所致,可加厚颊侧基托,撑开颊部组织;若为天然牙牙尖过锐所致,可调磨过锐的牙尖。
                    </p>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">八、恶心和唾液增多</h3>
                    <p class="content">恶心和唾液增多的原因及处理方法见表10-5。</p>
                    <p class="imgtitle">表10-5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;恶心和唾液增多的原因及处理方法</p>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="openImgBox t80" src="../../assets/images/0210-02.jpg" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">九、咀嚼肌和颞下颌关节不适</h3>
                    <p class="content">垂直距离恢复过高,导致咀嚼肌肌张力和颞下颌关节发生改变,患者常感到肌疲劳和酸痛、张口受限等颞下颌关节病症状,可通过降低垂直距离来解决。</p>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">十、美观问题</h3>
                    <p class="content">有的患者提出戴义齿后唇部过突或过凹陷,牙的大小、颜色不满意,影响美观。对合理的要求,可尽量修改,必要时重做。但对不切实际的过分要求,则应耐心地向患者解释。</p>
                    <p class="titleQuot-1">【任务评价】</p>
                    <p class="content">详见表10-6。</p>
 
 
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                    <div class="header-content">
                        <span class="header-title">项目十&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿戴入后问题及处理</span>
                        <img class="cs" src="../../assets/images/yuan.png" alt="" />
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="imgtitle">表10-6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿戴入后常见问题及处理任务评价</p>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="openImgBox t80" src="../../assets/images/0211-01.jpg" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="t80" src="../../assets/images/0043-01.jpg" alt="" active="true" />
                    </div>
                    <p class="center"><span class="bold">可摘局部义齿的清洁和保养</span></p>
                    <p class="quotation">一、清洁</p>
                    <p class="quotation">1.使用清水冲洗清洁义齿。每天取下义齿后,要用清水冲洗,去除表面的食物残渣。但要注意不能用热水,因为热水会使义齿变形,一般用常温水即可。</p>
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                <div class="header">
                    <div class="header-divider"></div>
                    <span class="header-right">可摘局部义齿工艺技术</span>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
 
                    <p class="quotation">2.使用软毛牙刷和牙膏来清洁义齿。按照刷牙的方式轻轻刷洗义齿的各个面,包括组织面、咬合面和磨光面,就像清洁真牙一样仔细。</p>
                    <p class="quotation">3.使用专门的义齿清洁剂清洁义齿。将义齿浸泡在清洁剂溶液中,能更有效地去除污渍和细菌。不过在浸泡后,需要用清水彻底冲洗干净,避免清洁剂残留。</p>
                    <p class="quotation">二、保养</p>
                    <p class="quotation">1.不佩戴义齿时,应将其存放在清水中,防止义齿干燥变形。如果长时间不戴,也可以浸泡在专用的义齿保存液中,以更好地维持义齿的性能。</p>
                    <p class="quotation">2.避免义齿受到外力撞击,放置时要注意轻拿轻放。因为义齿受到撞击后可能会损坏,如基托折断、人工牙脱落等。</p>
                    <p class="quotation">3.定期(一般建议每年至少一次)让口腔医生检查义齿,查看义齿是否有损坏、变形,以及咬合关系是否正常等情况。</p>
                    <h2 class="secondTitle">任务二&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿的修理</h2>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="t80" src="../../assets/images/0027-02.jpg" alt="" active="true" />
                    </div>
                    <p class="content"><span class="bold">【案例】</span></p>
                    <p class="content">患者,男,70岁。因上颌双侧45缺失,行可摘局部义齿修复2年,因义齿不慎摔落,导致义齿损坏,检查发现左上颌5脱落。</p>
                    <p class="content"><span class="bold">【问题】</span></p>
                    <p class="content">1.检查义齿左上颌5脱落情况,制订最适宜的修理方案。</p>
                    <p class="content">2.如何通过专业、耐心、负责的态度,解决义齿修理的技术问题,同时给予患者心理上的安抚?</p>
                    <p class="titleQuot-1">【任务分析】</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        面对患者出现的问题,要秉持敬业的态度,对义齿损坏情况进行全面、细致的检查,不放过任何潜在问题,用温和的语言和积极的行动安抚患者情绪,如实告知义齿损坏情况、修理难度、所需时间及费用等信息,并给出合理的修理方案,让患者重新拥有舒适、好用的义齿。
                    </p>
                    <p class="titleQuot-1">【知识链接】</p>
                    <p class="content">可摘局部义齿在戴用一段时间后,由于牙槽嵴情况和牙周组织的变化、患者的使用不当、义齿设计制作缺陷等原因,导致患者因基托、卡环、<img class="s-pic"
                            src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png"
                            alt="" />支托折断,人工牙折断或脱落,义齿基托黏膜组织不密合等前来复诊。如义齿修理后能符合口腔修复治疗要求的,可进行修理后继续使用。若多次折断、塑料老化、义齿基托翘动及余留牙拔除过多等无法再修理,则需重做义齿。
                    </p>
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                <div class="header-container">
                    <div class="header-content">
                        <span class="header-title">项目十&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿戴入后问题及处理</span>
                        <img class="cs" src="../../assets/images/yuan.png" alt="" />
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
 
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">一、人工牙折断、脱落或增添</h3>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(一)原因</p>
                    <p class="content">1.排列人工牙时由于间隙不足,对其进行磨改,导致人工牙过薄。</p>
                    <p class="content">2.义齿固位不良,受力后折断或脱落。</p>
                    <p class="content">3.深覆<img class="s-pic" src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png" alt="" />,咬合过紧。</p>
                    <p class="content">4.充填树脂时人工牙未得到充分的溶胀,分离剂涂在人工牙上或者有蜡残留在人工牙上,人工牙盖嵴部与基托树脂接触区未制作固位沟槽。</p>
                    <p class="content">5.使用不当。</p>
                    <p class="content">6.义齿取戴不慎落地,摔断、摔落人工牙。</p>
                    <p class="content">7.因牙体、牙周疾病等原因造成余留牙缺失,原义齿使用良好,要求在原有义齿上增补人工牙。</p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(二)修理方法</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        将残存的塑料牙磨除,在其所在的窝内磨出新塑料面,尽量不破坏唇(颊)侧龈缘,选择合适的塑料人工牙磨改后进行排列,用单体溶胀待粘接的基托和塑料牙盖嵴部,再用自凝树脂将人工牙粘接在义齿上,应注意恢复咬合关系,待塑料硬固后修形、抛光。
                    </p>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">二、卡环、<img class="s-pic" src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png"
                            alt="" />支托及固位体折断</h3>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(一)原因</p>
                    <p class="content">1.卡环、<img class="s-pic" src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png"
                            alt="" />支托凹制备的间隙不足,卡环经磨改后过细、过薄或厚薄不均。</p>
                    <p class="content">2.弯制卡环时反复调改、弯曲致不锈钢丝受损。</p>
                    <p class="content">3.使用不当或暴力摘戴义齿。</p>
                    <p class="content">4.材料质量不好或铸造缺陷等。</p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(二)修理方法</p>
                    <p class="content">修理时,应先检查支托间隙或卡环间隙,若间隙不够,应重新进行预备,再将义齿残留的<img class="s-pic"
                            src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png"
                            alt="" />支托或卡环及连接体磨除,并适当扩大,在基托上形成一沟槽,用蜡暂封后将义齿戴入口中取模。而后将印模连同义齿一并取出,灌注石膏,将义齿翻至模型上,重新制作卡环或<img
                            class="s-pic" src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png" alt="" />支托,把连接体安放在沟槽内,用自凝树脂或热凝树脂修补平。
                    </p>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">三、基托折裂、折断</h3>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(一)原因</p>
                    <p class="content">1.基托过薄或基托内有气泡、连接体位置不当,受力时薄弱点断裂。</p>
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                <div class="header">
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                    <span class="header-right">可摘局部义齿工艺技术</span>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
 
 
                    <p class="content">2.基托与黏膜不密合,咀嚼时义齿翘动。</p>
                    <p class="content">3.咬合不平衡,基托与黏膜间形成间隙,义齿翘动。</p>
                    <p class="content">4.咀嚼时用力不当。</p>
                    <p class="content">5.使用时不慎将义齿坠地。</p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(二)修理方法</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        1.基托折断如无残缺,对接位置准确,可在折裂线处先用烧红的蜡刀在裂缝处正交烫接,再用火柴梗数根,横跨裂缝用蜡固定,使折断义齿成一个整体。然后在基托组织面灌石膏,待其凝固后,在裂缝两侧基托磨光面磨去一层,注意保护石膏模型组织面,并放置加强丝,最后用自凝树脂或热凝树脂加以修接。
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">2.基托折断伴有较大的缺损而不能对接复位,应将折断的义齿戴入口中,对固位不良者可用自凝树脂在口内暂时粘接固定,取印模灌注模型后口外修理。</p>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">四、义齿颌间距离过小</h3>
                    <p class="content">
                        可摘局部义齿在使用过程中,牙槽嵴吸收萎缩或人工牙不断磨耗可导致义齿下沉,使上下颌牙无咬合接触或接触得不紧,致使咀嚼效率降低。如果个别后牙咬合低,可用自凝树脂在口内直接加高恢复正常咬合关系。如果人工牙较多且磨耗严重,则应在<img
                            class="s-pic" src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png" alt="" />面上咬蜡<img class="s-pic"
                            src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png" alt="" />记录,利用蜡<img class="s-pic"
                            src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png" alt="" />记录上<img class="s-pic"
                            src="../../assets/images/0025_01.png"
                            alt="" />架,在模型上雕刻人工牙外形,或重新选择人工牙排牙。常规装盒,用热凝树脂恢复正常咬合,完成义齿制作。</p>
                    <h3 class="thirdTitle">五、重衬</h3>
                    <p class="content">戴义齿后由于牙槽嵴的不断吸收,可使义齿基托与黏膜之间出现间隙,造成食物嵌塞、滞留、义齿翘动。</p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(一)直接法重衬</p>
                    <p class="content">直接法重衬是指对义齿基托不密合区域在口内用自凝树脂重衬。具体如下。</p>
                    <p class="content">1.重衬之前可用弹性印模材料试衬,观察基托不密合的程度和范围。</p>
                    <p class="content">2.清洁口腔,将液状石蜡涂布于患者口腔重衬区以保护黏膜。</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        3.将已洗净、擦干的义齿基托组织面上需重衬的区域均匀磨去一层,使其表面粗糙而清洁,并滴加单体溶胀,将黏丝期自凝树脂均匀涂布于基托组织面需重衬的部位,将义齿戴入口内,让患者自然咬合,检查义齿在口内的位置是否正确。
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">4.在树脂固化前将义齿从口内取出,置于温水中浸泡或在聚合压力锅中完成聚合,最后修改并磨光边缘。</p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(二)间接法重衬</p>
                    <p class="content">适用于义齿重衬的范围较大或不能接受自凝树脂对黏膜刺激的患者。具体如下。</p>
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                    <div class="header-content">
                        <span class="header-title">项目十&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿戴入后问题及处理</span>
                        <img class="cs" src="../../assets/images/yuan.png" alt="" />
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="content">1.清洁义齿并擦干,将基托边缘及组织面均匀地磨除一层。</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        2.调拌少量流动性好的印模材料,放入义齿组织面,在口内戴入并嘱患者做牙尖交错咬合,指导患者做肌功能修整。在放置印模材料时不能过多过稠,以免影响咬合垂直距离和正中关系。</p>
                    <p class="content">3.凝固后取出义齿及印模材料,去除基托周缘多余的印模材料。</p>
                    <p class="content">4.将义齿组织面向上装入下层型盒,暴露组织面和边缘的印模材料。</p>
                    <p class="content">5.装上层型盒,待石膏硬固后开盒,去除印模材料,调拌自凝树脂,将黏丝期的自凝树脂充填入型盒,加压,待其聚合固化后取出义齿,打磨和抛光。</p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">(三)自凝软衬材料的重衬</p>
                    <p class="content">自凝软衬材料使用便捷、无刺激,质地柔软且富有弹性,与口腔组织贴合度佳,和金属基托也能牢固结合。用于修复义齿组织面不密合时,可发挥弹性缓冲功能。</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        对牙槽嵴低平、黏膜组织压痛点多、固位不良的病例可作为辅助治疗,起到减轻疼痛,改善固位效果的作用。特别适用于牙槽嵴低平、松软牙槽嵴或刃状牙槽嵴;黏膜组织过薄,倒凹大,压痛点多;颌面缺损组织倒凹大,软性材料部分伸入倒凹区等,其重衬方法同直接重衬法。
                    </p>
                    <p class="titleQuot-1">【任务评价】</p>
                    <p class="content">详见表10-7。</p>
                    <p class="imgtitle">表10-7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿的修理任务评价</p>
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="openImgBox t80" src="../../assets/images/0215-01.jpg" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
                </div>
                <div class="footer-container">195</div>
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                    <div class="header-divider"></div>
                    <span class="header-right">可摘局部义齿工艺技术</span>
                </div>
                <div class="bodystyle">
 
 
                    <div class="bodyPic"><img class="openImgBox t80" src="../../assets/images/0216-01.jpg" alt=""
                            active="true" /></div>
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                    <p class="center"><span class="bold">义齿基托树脂材料</span></p>
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                        聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂材料,简称“丙烯酸树脂”(PMMA),自1937年应用于临床以来,经过不断改良,广泛应用于全口义齿及可摘局部义齿基托的制作。此材料的机械性能并不理想,目前临床应用的多为其改性产品,应用于义齿修理、重衬、软衬。
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                        1.热凝义齿基托树脂&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;由粉剂和液剂两部分组成。牙托粉主要成分为甲基丙烯酸甲酯的均聚粉或共聚粉,是决定基托性能的主要因素。牙托粉中还含有少量引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO),在加热的条件下引发聚合反应发生。另外还含有颜料及红色细纤维模拟牙龈的颜色和外观。牙托水主要成分是甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体,易挥发,易燃,应注意保存。牙托水中含有少量交联剂可以提高材料的机械性能。
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                        2.自凝义齿基托树脂&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;由粉剂(自凝牙托粉)和液剂(自凝牙托水)组成。在室温下通过氧化还原体系引发聚合反应的发生。基本成分与热凝树脂基本相同,各组分比例有所差别。在自凝牙托水中添加少量促进剂,可以在室温条件下促进过氧化苯甲酰分解引发聚合反应的发生。常用的促进剂为有机叔胺或对甲苯亚磺酸盐。
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                        3.义齿软衬材料&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;是一类应用于义齿基托组织面具有一定弹性的义齿衬垫材料。目前市售的弹性义齿衬垫材料主要有丙烯酸酯类和硅橡胶两类。</p>
 
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                        <span class="header-title">项目十&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可摘局部义齿戴入后问题及处理</span>
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                        (1)丙烯酸酯类:丙烯酸酯类软衬材料与基托树脂属同类聚合物,在粘接界面容易形成互溶,因此能与PMMA基托较良好地结合。丙烯酸酯类软衬材料固化后的初始硬度与粉、液比有关,在一定范围内,提高粉液比,硬度就会增加,降低粉液比,硬度随之下降。
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                        (2)硅橡胶:硅橡胶义齿软衬材料的强度、耐老化性能较好,但它与基托塑料的粘接性较差,需要用专门的粘接剂或底涂剂,而且表面不易打磨抛光,容易附着细菌,特别是霉菌。</p>
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