zhongshujie
3 天以前 1695fcd442fe2cefb6d3b63869ad8a72ebd5210a
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<template>
    <div class="chapter" num="1">
        <!-- 80页 -->
        <div class="page-box mt-20" page="1">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(1) > -1">
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <h1 class="firstTitle-l">第 5 章 液 &ensp;压 &ensp;缸</h1>
                    <p class="content mt-20">
                        液压缸和前述的液压马达同属于液压传动系统中的执行元件。液压缸是一种将液压油液的压力能转换为机械能,驱动工作装置做往复直线运动或往复摆动的能量转换装置。液压缸的结构简单、工作可靠,与杠杆、连杆、齿轮齿条、棘轮棘爪、凸轮等机构配合还能实现多种机械运动,因此在液压传动系统中得到了广泛的应用。
                    </p>
                    <p class="titleQuot-c">5.1 液压缸的分类和特点</p>
                    <div class="img-rights-phone w330">
                        <div class="video-box">
                            <p class="center text">
                                <video :src="videoPathOne" webkit-playsinline="true" x-webkit-airplay="true"
                                    playsinline="true" x5-video-orientation="h5" x5-video-player-fullscreen="true"
                                    x5-playsinline="" controls controlslist="nodownload" class="w100 video"
                                    style=" border-radius: 10px; "></video>
                            </p>
                            <p class="center videoname">
                                <span>视频:液压缸的分类和特点 </span>
                                <el-tooltip class="item" effect="dark"
                                    :content="chapterData.isCollectVideo ? '点击取消' : '点击收藏'" placement="top-start">
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                                </el-tooltip>
                            </p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <span>
                        <p class="content">
                            液压缸有多种形式。按照结构特点,它可分为活塞式、柱塞式和摆动式三大类;按作用方式,它又可分为单作用式和双作用式两种。单作用式液压缸只能使活塞(或柱塞)做单方向运动,即液压油液只通向液压缸的一腔,而反方向运动则必须依靠外力(如弹簧力或自重等)来实现;双作用式液压缸,在两个方向上的运动都由液压油液的推动来实现。
                        </p>
                    </span>
                    <p class="titleQuot-1">5.1.1 活塞式液压缸</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        活塞式液压缸可分为双杆式和单杆式两种结构形式。其固定方式有缸筒固定和活塞杆固定两种。
                    </p>
 
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">1.双杆活塞式液压缸</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        图5.1所示为双杆活塞式液压缸示意图,图5.1(a)所示为缸筒固定式结构,液压缸的左腔进油,推动活塞向右运动,右腔回油;反之,活塞反向运动。其运动范围约等于活塞有效行程l的3倍,一般用于中小型设备。图5.1(b)所示为活塞杆固定式结构,液压缸的左腔进油,推动缸体向左运动,右腔回油;反之,缸体反向移动。其运动范围约等于缸筒有效行程l的2倍,因此常用于大中型设备中。实际上液压缸的运动范围还要考虑活塞和缸盖等结构尺寸所占用的空间。其特点是在活塞两侧都有活塞杆伸出。
                    </p>
                    <div class="center openImgBox mb-20 mt-20">
                        <img src="../../assets/images/Figure-0001-02.jpg" style="width: 80%" alt="" active="true" />
                        <p class="center img">图5.1 双杆活塞式液压缸示意图</p>
                    </div>
                    <p class="content">
                        当两侧活塞杆直径相同、供油压力和流量不变时,活塞(或缸筒)在两个方向上的运动速度v和推力F都相等,即
                    </p>
                    <p class="center">
                        <math display="0">
                            <mi>v</mi>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mi>q</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>A</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>v</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>4</mn>
                                    <mi>q</mi>
                                </mrow>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mn>(</mn>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mi>D</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mo>2</mo>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msup>
                                    <mn>-</mn>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mi>d</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mo>2</mo>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msup>
                                    <mn>)</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>v</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>
                    </p>
                    <p class="right-info">(5.1)</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- 81页 -->
        <div class="page-box mt-20" page="2">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(2) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li class="headerText">第 5 章 液 &ensp;压 &ensp;缸</li>
                    <li>·81·</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <div class="t-right mb-10 mt-20">
                        <p class="center">
                            <math display="0">
                                <mi>F</mi>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>1</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mi>m</mi>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mi>π</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>4</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>D</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>1</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>d</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>1</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mi>m</mi>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                            </math>
                        </p>
                        <p class="right-info">(5.2)</p>
                    </div>
                    <p class="left">
                        式中 <math display="0">
                            <mi>q</mi>
                        </math>——进入液压缸的流量(m<span class="super">3</span>/s);
                    </p>
                    <p class="content td-3">
                          <math display="0">
                            <mi>A</mi>
                        </math>——活塞有效作用面积(m<span class="super">2</span>);
                    </p>
                    <p class="content td-3">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>v</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>
                        ——液压缸的容积效率;
                    </p>
                    <p class="content td-3">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>D</mi>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——活塞直径(即缸筒直径)(m);
                    </p>
                    <p class="content td-3">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>d</mi>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——活塞杆直径(m);
                    </p>
                    <p class="content td-3">
                         <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>1</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——进油压力(Pa);
                    </p>
                    <p class="content td-3">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>2</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——回油压力(Pa);
                    </p>
                    <p class="content td-3">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>m</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——液压缸的机械效率。
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">
                        <span class="bold">【例5.1】</span> 某液压传动系统执行元件为双杆活塞式液压缸,液压缸的工作压力 <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                            </msub>
                        </math> =3.5
                        MPa,活塞直径 <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>D</mi>
                            </msub>
                        </math> =9 cm,活塞杆直径 <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>d</mi>
                            </msub>
                        </math> =4 cm,工作进给速度 <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                            </msub>
                        </math> =1.52 cm/s,求液压缸能克服多大的阻力?液压缸所需流量为多少?
                        <span class="btn-box" @click="showAnswerOne = !showAnswerOne" title="查看答案">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20.501" height="20.501"
                                viewBox="0 0 20.501 20.501">
                                <path class="a"
                                    d="M3344.717-15308.5H3337.4a10.186,10.186,0,0,1-7.25-3,10.185,10.185,0,0,1-3-7.25A10.262,10.262,0,0,1,3337.4-15329a10.26,10.26,0,0,1,10.249,10.248,10.129,10.129,0,0,1-2.2,6.341v3.177A.734.734,0,0,1,3344.717-15308.5Zm-9.606-7.29h4.493l.527,1.419c.071.182.156.386.254.608a2.428,2.428,0,0,0,.273.512.986.986,0,0,0,.315.262.971.971,0,0,0,.454.1,1.05,1.05,0,0,0,.773-.327,1.025,1.025,0,0,0,.319-.723,3.3,3.3,0,0,0-.277-1.051l-.062-.161-2.889-7.313c-.119-.321-.228-.607-.335-.873a2.972,2.972,0,0,0-.323-.616,1.56,1.56,0,0,0-.5-.469,1.552,1.552,0,0,0-.781-.181,1.535,1.535,0,0,0-.773.181,1.475,1.475,0,0,0-.5.477,3.674,3.674,0,0,0-.362.739l-.239.627-.054.135-2.824,7.355c-.095.229-.179.46-.25.688a1.529,1.529,0,0,0-.073.477.978.978,0,0,0,.323.72,1.039,1.039,0,0,0,.746.315.838.838,0,0,0,.716-.3,4.676,4.676,0,0,0,.466-.985l.062-.165.527-1.449Zm3.747-1.5h-3.293l1.812-5.124,1.481,5.123Z"
                                    transform="translate(-3327.144 15329)" />
                            </svg>
                        </span>
                    </p>
                    <div v-if="showAnswerOne">
                        <p class="content">
                            <span class="bold">解</span> (1)活塞的有效作用面积
                        </p>
                        <p class="center"><math display="0">
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mi>π</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>4</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>D</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>d</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mi>π</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>4</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mo>9</mo>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mo>4</mo>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>cm</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo>51.03</mo>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>cm</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                            </math></p>
 
                        <p class="content">(2)液压缸能克服的最大阻力</p>
                        <p class="center"><math display="0">
                                <mi>F</mi>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo>3.5</mo>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mo>10</mo>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>6</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <mo>51.03</mo>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mo>10</mo>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>-4</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <mo>N</mo>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo>17.86</mo>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <mo>kN</mo>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                            </math></p>
 
                        <p class="content">(3)液压缸所需流量</p>
                        <div class="center">
                            <p class="center"><math display="0">
                                    <mi>q</mi>
                                    <mn>=</mn>
                                    <mi>v</mi>
                                    <mi>A</mi>
                                    <mn>=</mn>
                                    <mo>1.52</mo>
                                    <mn>×</mn>
                                    <mo>60</mo>
                                    <mn>×</mn>
                                    <mo>51.03</mo>
                                    <mn>×</mn>
                                    <mn>=</mn>
                                    <mo>4653.94</mo>
                                    <mn>(</mn>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mn>cm</mn>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mn>3</mn>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msup>
                                    <mn>/</mn>
                                    <mn>min</mn>
                                    <mn>)</mn>
                                    <mn>=</mn>
                                    <mo>4.65</mo>
                                    <mn>(</mn>
                                    <mn>L</mn>
                                    <mn>/</mn>
                                    <mn>min</mn>
                                    <mn>)</mn>
                                </math></p>
 
                            <p class="content">
                                答:液压缸能克服的阻力是17.86 kN,液压缸所需流量是4.65 L/min。
                            </p>
                            <p class="content">
                                这种液压缸常用于要求往返运动速度相同的场合,如液压磨床等。
                            </p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">2.单杆活塞式液压缸</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        图5.2所示为双作用单杆活塞式液压缸图形符号和实物图。液压缸的一端有活塞杆伸出,在另一端没有活塞杆伸出,这样使液压缸两腔有效作用面积不等,当向液压缸两腔分别供油,且压力和流量都不变时,活塞在两个方向上的运动速度和推力都不相等。当在无杆腔进油且有杆腔回油时(图5.2(a)),活塞的运动速度<math
                            display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>1</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>和推力<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>F</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>1</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>分别为
                        <span class="btn-box" @click="showAnswerTwo = !showAnswerTwo" title="查看答案">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20.501" height="20.501"
                                viewBox="0 0 20.501 20.501">
                                <path class="a"
                                    d="M3344.717-15308.5H3337.4a10.186,10.186,0,0,1-7.25-3,10.185,10.185,0,0,1-3-7.25A10.262,10.262,0,0,1,3337.4-15329a10.26,10.26,0,0,1,10.249,10.248,10.129,10.129,0,0,1-2.2,6.341v3.177A.734.734,0,0,1,3344.717-15308.5Zm-9.606-7.29h4.493l.527,1.419c.071.182.156.386.254.608a2.428,2.428,0,0,0,.273.512.986.986,0,0,0,.315.262.971.971,0,0,0,.454.1,1.05,1.05,0,0,0,.773-.327,1.025,1.025,0,0,0,.319-.723,3.3,3.3,0,0,0-.277-1.051l-.062-.161-2.889-7.313c-.119-.321-.228-.607-.335-.873a2.972,2.972,0,0,0-.323-.616,1.56,1.56,0,0,0-.5-.469,1.552,1.552,0,0,0-.781-.181,1.535,1.535,0,0,0-.773.181,1.475,1.475,0,0,0-.5.477,3.674,3.674,0,0,0-.362.739l-.239.627-.054.135-2.824,7.355c-.095.229-.179.46-.25.688a1.529,1.529,0,0,0-.073.477.978.978,0,0,0,.323.72,1.039,1.039,0,0,0,.746.315.838.838,0,0,0,.716-.3,4.676,4.676,0,0,0,.466-.985l.062-.165.527-1.449Zm3.747-1.5h-3.293l1.812-5.124,1.481,5.123Z"
                                    transform="translate(-3327.144 15329)" />
                            </svg>
                        </span>
                    </p>
                    <div v-if="showAnswerTwo">
                        <p class="center mb-10 mt-10"><math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>v</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>1</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mi>q</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <msub>
                                            <mi>A</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>1</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msub>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>v</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>4</mn>
                                        <mi>q</mi>
                                    </mrow>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>π</mn>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mi>D</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>v</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <mn>m</mn>
                                <mn>/</mn>
                                <mn>s</mn>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                            </math>
                        </p>
                        <p class="right-info">(5.3)</p>
                        <p class="center mb-10 mt-10"><math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>F</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>1</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>1</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>A</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>1</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>A</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mi>m</mi>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo data-mjx-texclass="OPEN">[</mo>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mn>4</mn>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>D</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>1</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mn>4</mn>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>D</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>d</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mo>]</mo>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mi>m</mi>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo data-mjx-texclass="OPEN">[</mo>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mn>4</mn>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>D</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>1</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mn>4</mn>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>D</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mo>]</mo>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mi>m</mi>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <mn>N</mn>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                            </math></p>
                        <p class="right-info">(5.4)</p>
                        <p class="content">
                            当在有杆腔进油且无杆腔回油时(图5.2(b)),活塞的运动速度<math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>v</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mi>2</mi>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                            </math>和推力<math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>F</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mi>2</mi>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                            </math>分别为
                        </p>
                        <p class="center mb-10 mt-10"><math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>v</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mi>q</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <msub>
                                            <mi>A</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msub>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>v</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>4</mn>
                                        <mi>q</mi>
                                    </mrow>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>π</mn>
                                        <mn>(</mn>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mi>D</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                        <mn>-</mn>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mi>d</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                        <mn>)</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>v</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <mn>m</mn>
                                <mn>/</mn>
                                <mn>s</mn>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                            </math></p>
                        <p class="right-info">(5.5)</p>
                        <p class="center mb-10 mt-10"><math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>F</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>1</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>A</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>A</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>1</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mi>m</mi>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo data-mjx-texclass="OPEN">[</mo>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mn>4</mn>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>D</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>d</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>1</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mn>4</mn>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>D</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mo>]</mo>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mi>m</mi>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo data-mjx-texclass="OPEN">[</mo>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mn>4</mn>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>D</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>1</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mn>4</mn>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>d</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>1</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mo>]</mo>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>η</mi>
                                    <mi>m</mi>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <mn>N</mn>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                            </math></p>
                        <p class="right-info">(5.6)</p>
                        <p class="left">
                            式中 <math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>q</mi>
                                </msub>
                            </math>——进入液压缸的流量(m<span class="super">3</span>/s);
                        </p>
                    </div>
 
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- 82页 -->
        <div class="page-box mt-20" page="3">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(3) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li>·82·</li>
                    <li class="headerText">液&ensp;压&ensp;传&ensp;动</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="content td-3">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>1</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——无杆腔的活塞有效作用面积(m<span class="super">2</span>);
                    </p>
                    <p class="content td-3"><math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>D</mi>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——活塞直径(即缸筒直径)(m);</p>
                    <p class="content td-3">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>v</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——液压缸的容积效率;
                    </p>
                    <p class="content td-3"> <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>1</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——进油压力(Pa);</p>
                    <p class="content td-3"> <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>2</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——回油压力(Pa);</p>
                    <p class="content td-3">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>2</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——有杆腔的活塞有效作用面积(m<span class="super">2</span>);
                    </p>
                    <p class="content td-3"><math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>d</mi>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——活塞杆直径(m);</p>
                    <p class="content td-3">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>m</mi>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>——液压缸的机械效率。
                    </p>
                    <div class="fl jc-sb al-fe openImgBox">
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0003-01-01.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0003-01-02.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0003-01-03.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <!-- 轮播图 -->
                    <div class="imgBox-003 openImgBox">
                        <div class="swiper-container swiper-img">
                            <div class="swiper-wrapper">
                                <div class="swiper-slide">
                                    <div class="imgBox" style="width: 100%; height: 100%">
                                        <img src="../../assets/images/Figure-0003-01-04.png" />
                                        <p class="img">(d)实物图</p>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="swiper-slide">
                                    <div class="imgBox" style="width: 100%; height: 100%">
                                        <img src="../../assets/images/Figure-0003-01-05.png" />
                                        <p class="img">(d)实物图</p>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="swiper-button-next"></div>
                            <div class="swiper-button-prev"></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p class="img">图5.2 双作用单杆活塞式液压缸图形符号和实物图</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        比较上述各式,由于面积A<span class="sub">1</span>>A<span class="sub">2</span>,所以速度v<span
                            class="sub">1</span><v<span class="sub">2</span>,输出力F<span class="sub">1</span>>F<span
                            class="sub">2</span>。
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">
                        由式(5.3)和式(5.5)得液压缸往复运动时的速度比为
                    </p>
 
                    <div class="img-rights openImgBox w200">
                        <img src="../../assets/images/Figure-0003-03.jpg" alt="" />
                        <p class="img">图5.3 差动连接液压缸连接方式</p>
                    </div>
                    <span>
                        <p class="center mb-10 mt-10">
                            <math display="0">
                                <mi>φ</mi>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <msub>
                                        <mi>v</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mn>2</mn>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msub>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <msub>
                                            <mi>v</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mn>1</mn>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msub>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                            </math><math display="0">
                                <mfrac>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mi>D</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mn>2</mn>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msup>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mi>D</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mn>2</mn>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                        <mn>-</mn>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mi>d</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mn>2</mn>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                            </math>
                        </p>
                        <p class="right-info">(5.7)</p>
                        <p class="content">
                            式(5.7)表明,当活塞杆直径愈小时,两腔分别进液压油,活塞的运动速度比愈接近于1,在两个方向上的速度差值就愈小。
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">
                            当单杆活塞式液压缸两腔同时通入液压油时,如图5.3所示,由于无杆腔受力面积大于有杆腔的受力面积,使得活塞向右的作用力大于向左的作用力,因此活塞杆做伸出运动,并将有杆腔的液压油挤出,流进无杆腔,加快了活塞杆的伸出速度,单杆活塞式液压缸的这种连接方式称为差动连接。
                        </p>
                    </span>
                    <p class="content">
                        当单杆活塞式液压缸差动连接时,有杆腔排出流量
                        <math display="0">
                            <msup>
                                <mi>q</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>′</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>3</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>2</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>
                        进入无杆腔,根据流量连接性方程,则有
                    </p>
                    <p class="center mt-10 mb-10">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>3</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>1</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mi>q</mi>
                            <mn>+</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>3</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>2</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">
                        在考虑了液压缸的容积效率η<span class="sub">V</span>(注意:这里仅有外泄漏)后,活塞杆的伸出速度v<span class="sub">3</span>为
                    </p>
                    <p class="center">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>3</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mi>q</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <msub>
                                        <mi>A</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mn>1</mn>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msub>
                                    <mn>-</mn>
                                    <msub>
                                        <mi>A</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mn>2</mn>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msub>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>v</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>4</mn>
                                    <mi>q</mi>
                                </mrow>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mi>d</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mn>2</mn>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msup>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>v</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>
                    </p>
                    <p class="right-info">(5.8)</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        欲使差动连接液压缸的往复运动速度相等,即
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>3</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>1</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>
                        ,则由式(5.5)和式(5.8)可得<math display="0">
                            <mi>D</mi>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mi>d</mi>
                            <msqrt>
                                <mn>2</mn>
                            </msqrt>
                            <mi>d</mi>
                        </math>
                        (<math display="0">
                            <mi>d</mi>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mi>0.707</mi>
                            <mi>D</mi>
                        </math>)。
                    </p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- 83页 -->
        <div class="page-box mt-20" page="4">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(4) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li class="headerText">第 5 章 液 &ensp;压 &ensp;缸</li>
                    <li>·83·</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="content">
                        单杆活塞式液压缸差动连接在忽略两腔液压油流动和其他压力损失的情况下,压力
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>2</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>≈</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>1</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>
                        ,这时活塞的推力F<span class="sub">3</span>为
                    </p>
                    <p class="center"><math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>F</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>3</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mn>[</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>-</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>]</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>m</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mn>[</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mi>π</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>4</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <msup>
                                <mi>D</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>-</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mi>π</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>4</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <mn>(</mn>
                            <msup>
                                <mi>D</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <mn>-</mn>
                            <msup>
                                <mi>d</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <mn>)
                            </mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>]</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>m</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mi>π</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>4</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <msup>
                                <mi>d</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>m</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math></p>
                    <p class="right-info">(5.9)</p>
 
                    <p class="content">
                        由式(5.8)和式(5.9)可知,单杆活塞式液压缸差动连接时液压缸实际的有效作用面积是活塞杆的横截面积。与非差动连接的单杆活塞式液压缸无杆腔进油工况相比,在输入液压油压力和流量都不变的条件下,活塞杆伸出速度较大而推力较小。实际应用中,液压传动系统常通过控制阀来改变单杆活塞缸的油路连接,使它有不同的工作方式,从而获得快进(差动连接)→工进(无杆腔进油)→快退(有杆腔进油)的工作循环。差动连接是在不增大液压泵规格和功率的情况下,实现系统快速运动的有效方法。它的应用常见于组合机床和各类专用机床中。
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">
                        单杆活塞式液压缸往复运动范围是有效行程l的2倍,其结构紧凑,应用广泛。
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">
                        <span class="bold">【例5.2】</span> 已知单杆活塞式液压缸的缸筒内径<math display="0">
                            <mi>D</mi>
                        </math>=100 mm,活塞杆直径d=70
                        mm,进入液压缸的流量<math display="0">
                            <mi>q</mi>
                        </math>=25 L/min,压力
 
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>1</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>=2MPa,非差动连接时,
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>2</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>
                        =0。如果不考虑损失(容积效率和机械效率为1),求如图5.2(a)、(b)和图5.3所示的活塞杆固定的三种情况下,液压缸可推动的负载和运动速度各是多少?并给出运动方向。
                        <span class="btn-box" @click="showAnswerTwo = !showAnswerTwo" title="查看答案">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20.501" height="20.501"
                                viewBox="0 0 20.501 20.501">
                                <path class="a"
                                    d="M3344.717-15308.5H3337.4a10.186,10.186,0,0,1-7.25-3,10.185,10.185,0,0,1-3-7.25A10.262,10.262,0,0,1,3337.4-15329a10.26,10.26,0,0,1,10.249,10.248,10.129,10.129,0,0,1-2.2,6.341v3.177A.734.734,0,0,1,3344.717-15308.5Zm-9.606-7.29h4.493l.527,1.419c.071.182.156.386.254.608a2.428,2.428,0,0,0,.273.512.986.986,0,0,0,.315.262.971.971,0,0,0,.454.1,1.05,1.05,0,0,0,.773-.327,1.025,1.025,0,0,0,.319-.723,3.3,3.3,0,0,0-.277-1.051l-.062-.161-2.889-7.313c-.119-.321-.228-.607-.335-.873a2.972,2.972,0,0,0-.323-.616,1.56,1.56,0,0,0-.5-.469,1.552,1.552,0,0,0-.781-.181,1.535,1.535,0,0,0-.773.181,1.475,1.475,0,0,0-.5.477,3.674,3.674,0,0,0-.362.739l-.239.627-.054.135-2.824,7.355c-.095.229-.179.46-.25.688a1.529,1.529,0,0,0-.073.477.978.978,0,0,0,.323.72,1.039,1.039,0,0,0,.746.315.838.838,0,0,0,.716-.3,4.676,4.676,0,0,0,.466-.985l.062-.165.527-1.449Zm3.747-1.5h-3.293l1.812-5.124,1.481,5.123Z"
                                    transform="translate(-3327.144 15329)" />
                            </svg>
                        </span>
                    </p>
                    <div v-if="showAnswerTwo">
                        <p class="content">
                            <span class="bold">解</span> (1)在图5.2(a)中的液压缸无杆腔进压力油,回油腔压力 <math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>2</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                            </math>为0。
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">根据公式(5.4),可得推动的负载为</p>
                        <p class="center mt-10 mb-10">
                            <math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>F</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>1</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mi>π</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>4</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>d</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>1</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mi>π</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>4</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mo>0.1</mo>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <mo>2</mo>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mo>10</mo>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>6</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo>15700(N)</mo>
                            </math>
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">根据公式(5.3),可得缸筒的运动速度为</p>
                        <p class="center">
                            <math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>v</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>1</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mi>q</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mfrac>
                                            <mn>π</mn>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>4</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </mfrac>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mi>D</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>4</mn>
                                        <mo>×</mo>
                                        <mn>25</mn>
                                        <mo>×</mo>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mn>10</mn>
                                            <mn>-3</mn>
                                        </msup>
                                    </mrow>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>π</mo>
                                        <mn>×</mn>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mo>0.1</mo>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                        <mn>×</mn>
                                        <mo>60</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo>0.053</mo>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <mo>m/s</mo>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                            </math>
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">
                            答:液压缸可推动的负载是15 700 N,运动速度是0.053
                            m/s,这时缸筒运动方向向左。
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">
                            (2)图5.2(b)中的液压缸为有杆腔进压力油,回油腔压力p<span class="sub">2</span>为0。根据公式(5.6),可得推动的负载为
                        </p>
                        <p class="center mb-10 mt-10">
                            <math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>F</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>4</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>D</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>d</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mo>π</mo>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>4</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>0.1</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>-</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>0.07</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <mo>2</mo>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>10</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>6</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo>8007</mo>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <mo>N</mo>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                            </math>
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">根据公式(5.5),可得缸筒的运动速度为</p>
                        <p class="center mb-10 mt-10">
                            <math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>v</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mi>q</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mfrac>
                                            <mn>π</mn>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>4</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </mfrac>
                                        <mn>(</mn>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mi>D</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                        <mn>-</mn>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mi>d</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                        <mn>)</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>4</mn>
                                        <mo>×</mo>
                                        <mn>25</mn>
                                        <mo>×</mo>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mn>10</mn>
                                            <mn>-3</mn>
                                        </msup>
                                    </mrow>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>π</mo>
                                        <mn>×</mn>
                                        <mn>(</mn>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mi>0.1</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                        <mn>-</mn>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mi>0.07</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                        <mn>)</mn>
                                        <mn>×</mn>
                                        <mo>60</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo>0.104</mo>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <mo>m/s</mo>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                            </math>
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">
                            答:液压缸可推动的负载是8 007 N,运动速度是0.104
                            m/s,这时缸筒运动方向向右。
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">
                            (3)图5.3中的液压缸为差动连接,根据公式(5.9),可得推动的负载为
                        </p>
                        <p class="center mb-10 mt-10">
                            <math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>F</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>3</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>4</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>d</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mn>π</mn>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>4</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>0.07</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>2</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <mo>2</mo>
                                <mn>×</mn>
                                <msup>
                                    <mi>10</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>6</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msup>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mo>7 693</mo>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <mo>N</mo>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                            </math>
                        </p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- 84页 -->
        <div class="page-box mt-20" page="5">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(5) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li>·84·</li>
                    <li class="headerText">液&ensp;压&ensp;传&ensp;动</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <div v-if="showAnswerTwo">
                        <p class="content">根据公式(5.8),可得缸筒的运动速度为</p>
                        <p class="center mb-10 mt-10">
                            <math display="0">
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>v</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>3</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mi>q</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mfrac>
                                            <mn>π</mn>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>4</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </mfrac>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mi>d</mi>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mfrac>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>4</mn>
                                        <mo>×</mo>
                                        <mn>25</mn>
                                        <mo>×</mo>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mn>10</mn>
                                            <mn>-3</mn>
                                        </msup>
                                    </mrow>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>π</mo>
                                        <mn>×</mn>
                                        <msup>
                                            <mn>0.07</mn>
                                            <mrow>
                                                <mo>2</mo>
                                            </mrow>
                                        </msup>
                                        <mn>×</mn>
                                        <mn>60</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </mfrac>
                                <mn>=</mn>
                                <mn>0.108</mn>
                                <mn>(</mn>
                                <mn>m</mn>
                                <mn>/</mn>
                                <mn>s</mn>
                                <mn>)</mn>
                            </math>
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">
                            答:液压缸可推动的负载是7 693 N,运动速度是0.108m/s,这时缸筒运动方向向左。
                        </p>
                    </div>
                    <p class="content">
                        <span class="bold">【例5.3】</span> 在单出杆活塞式液压缸中,已知缸筒内径D=125 mm,活塞杆直径 d=70
                        mm,液压缸大腔进油,活塞运动的速度为v=0.1
                        m/s,求进入液压缸的流量q<span class="sub">1</span>和排出液压缸的流量q<span class="sub">2</span>各有多少?
                        <span class="btn-box" @click="showAnswerThree = !showAnswerThree" title="查看答案">
                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20.501" height="20.501"
                                viewBox="0 0 20.501 20.501">
                                <path class="a"
                                    d="M3344.717-15308.5H3337.4a10.186,10.186,0,0,1-7.25-3,10.185,10.185,0,0,1-3-7.25A10.262,10.262,0,0,1,3337.4-15329a10.26,10.26,0,0,1,10.249,10.248,10.129,10.129,0,0,1-2.2,6.341v3.177A.734.734,0,0,1,3344.717-15308.5Zm-9.606-7.29h4.493l.527,1.419c.071.182.156.386.254.608a2.428,2.428,0,0,0,.273.512.986.986,0,0,0,.315.262.971.971,0,0,0,.454.1,1.05,1.05,0,0,0,.773-.327,1.025,1.025,0,0,0,.319-.723,3.3,3.3,0,0,0-.277-1.051l-.062-.161-2.889-7.313c-.119-.321-.228-.607-.335-.873a2.972,2.972,0,0,0-.323-.616,1.56,1.56,0,0,0-.5-.469,1.552,1.552,0,0,0-.781-.181,1.535,1.535,0,0,0-.773.181,1.475,1.475,0,0,0-.5.477,3.674,3.674,0,0,0-.362.739l-.239.627-.054.135-2.824,7.355c-.095.229-.179.46-.25.688a1.529,1.529,0,0,0-.073.477.978.978,0,0,0,.323.72,1.039,1.039,0,0,0,.746.315.838.838,0,0,0,.716-.3,4.676,4.676,0,0,0,.466-.985l.062-.165.527-1.449Zm3.747-1.5h-3.293l1.812-5.124,1.481,5.123Z"
                                    transform="translate(-3327.144 15329)" />
                            </svg>
                        </span>
                    </p>
                    <div v-if="showAnswerThree">
                        <p class="content"><span class="bold">解</span>(1)进入液压缸的流量</p>
                        <p class="center mb-10 mt-10">
                            <math display="block">
                                <mtable columnalign="left">
                                    <mtr>
                                        <mtd>
                                            <msub>
                                                <mi>q</mi>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msub>
                                            <mn>=</mn>
                                            <mi>v</mi>
                                            <msub>
                                                <mi>A</mi>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msub>
                                            <mn>=</mn>
                                            <mi>v</mi>
                                            <mfrac>
                                                <mn>π</mn>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>4</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </mfrac>
                                            <msup>
                                                <mi>D</mi>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msup>
                                            <mn>=</mn>
                                            <mo>0.1</mo>
                                            <mn>×</mn>
                                            <msup>
                                                <mo>10</mo>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msup>
                                            <mn>×</mn>
                                            <mo>60</mo>
                                            <mn>×</mn>
                                            <mfrac>
                                                <mn>π</mn>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>4</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </mfrac>
                                            <mn>×</mn>
                                            <msup>
                                                <mo>12.5</mo>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msup>
                                            <mn>=</mn>
                                        </mtd>
                                    </mtr>
                                    <mtr>
                                        <mtd>
                                            <mo>73 593.75</mo>
                                            <mn>(</mn>
                                            <msup>
                                                <mo>cm</mo>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>3</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msup>
                                            <mn>/</mn>
                                            <mo>min</mo>
                                            <mn>)</mn>
                                            <mn>=</mn>
                                            <mo>73.59</mo>
                                            <mn>(</mn>
                                            <mo>L</mo>
                                            <mn>/</mn>
                                            <mo>min</mo>
                                            <mn>)</mn>
                                        </mtd>
                                    </mtr>
                                </mtable>
                            </math>
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">(2)排出液压缸的流量</p>
                        <p class="center mb-10 mt-10">
                            <math display="block">
                                <mtable columnalign="left">
                                    <mtr>
                                        <mtd>
                                            <msub>
                                                <mi>q</mi>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msub>
                                            <mn>=</mn>
                                            <mi>v</mi>
                                            <msub>
                                                <mi>A</mi>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msub>
                                            <mn>=</mn>
                                            <mi>v</mi>
                                            <mfrac>
                                                <mn>π</mn>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>4</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </mfrac>
                                            <mn>(</mn>
                                            <msup>
                                                <mi>D</mi>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msup>
                                            <mn>-</mn>
                                            <msup>
                                                <mi>d</mi>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msup>
                                            <mn>)</mn>
                                            <mn>=</mn>
                                            <mo>0.1</mo>
                                            <mn>×</mn>
                                            <msup>
                                                <mo>10</mo>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msup>
                                            <mn>×</mn>
                                            <mo>60</mo>
                                            <mn>×</mn>
                                            <mfrac>
                                                <mn>π</mn>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>4</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </mfrac>
                                            <mn>×</mn>
                                            <mn>(</mn>
                                            <msup>
                                                <mo>12.5</mo>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msup>
                                            <mn>-</mn>
                                            <msup>
                                                <mo>7</mo>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msup>
                                            <mn>)</mn>
                                            <mn>=</mn>
                                        </mtd>
                                    </mtr>
                                    <mtr>
                                        <mtd>
                                            <mo>50 514.75</mo>
                                            <mn>(</mn>
                                            <msup>
                                                <mo>cm</mo>
                                                <mrow>
                                                    <mo>3</mo>
                                                </mrow>
                                            </msup>
                                            <mn>/</mn>
                                            <mo>min</mo>
                                            <mn>)</mn>
                                            <mn>=</mn>
                                            <mo>50.51</mo>
                                            <mn>(</mn>
                                            <mo>L</mo>
                                            <mn>/</mn>
                                            <mo>min</mo>
                                            <mn>)</mn>
                                        </mtd>
                                    </mtr>
                                </mtable>
                            </math>
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">答:进入液压缸的流量是73 593.75 cm<span class="super">3</span>/min,排出液压缸的流量是50 514.75
                            cm<span class="super">3</span>/min。
                        </p>
                    </div>
                    <p class="titleQuot-1">5.1.2 柱塞式液压缸</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        活塞缸的内孔精度要求很高,当行程较长时加工困难,这时应采用柱塞缸。图5.4所示为柱塞式液压缸的使用和实物图,柱塞缸由缸筒、柱塞、导套、密封圈和压盖等零件组成,柱塞和缸筒内壁不接触,因此缸筒内孔不需精加工,工艺性好,成本低。
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">
                        柱塞缸只能制成单作用缸,回程可以由外力或自重实现。在大行程设备中,为了得到双向运动,柱塞缸常如图5.4(b)所示成对使用。图5.4(c)为图形符号,图5.4(d)为柱塞缸的典型应用实物图(如船舶舵机的驱动)。柱塞端面是受压面,其面积大小决定了柱塞缸的运动速度和推力的大小。为保证柱塞缸有足够的推力和柱塞受压稳定性,一般柱塞较粗,质量较大,水平安装时,由于自重变形,易产生单边磨损,故柱塞缸适宜于垂直安装使用。为减轻质量,有时制成空心柱塞。水平安装使用时,为防止柱塞自重下垂,通常要设置柱塞支承套和托架。
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">柱塞缸结构简单,制造方便,常用于长行程机床,如龙门刨、导轨磨、大型拉床等。</p>
                    <p class="titleQuot-1">5.1.3 摆动式液压缸</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        摆动式液压缸输出转矩并通过控制可以实现往复摆动,通常有单叶片和双叶片两种形式,当然也可以设计成多叶片结构。如图5.5(a)所示,单叶片摆动式液压缸由定子块1、缸体2、摆动轴3、叶片4、左右支承盘和左右盖板等主要零件组成,定子块固定在缸体上,叶片和摆动轴连接在一起。当两油口相继通入液压油时,叶片带动摆动轴做往复摆动。
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">当考虑到容积效率<span class="italic">η</span><span class="sub">V</span>和机械效率<span
                            class="italic">η</span><span class="sub">m</span>时,叶片摆动式液压缸的摆动轴输出角速度<span
                            class="italic">ω</span>(rad/s)和转矩<span class="italic">T</span>(N · m)分别为
                    </p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- 85页 -->
        <div class="page-box mt-20" page="6">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(6) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li class="headerText">第 5 章 液 &ensp;压 &ensp;缸</li>
                    <li>·85·</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <div class="fl jc-sb al-fe openImgBox mt-20">
                        <div>
                            <img class="img-a" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0006-01-01.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <img class="img-0" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0006-01-02.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="fl jc-c al-fe openImgBox center ">
                        <div class="w12">
                            <img class="img-0" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0006-01-03.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                        <div class="img-c ml-40">
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0006-01-04.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p class="img mt-10 mb-10">图5.4 柱塞式液压缸的使用、图形符号和实物图</p>
                    <div class="fl jc-sb al-fe openImgBox center ">
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0006-02-01.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0006-02-02.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <img class="img-f" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0006-02-03.png" alt="" />
                            </div>
                            <div>
                                <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0006-02-04.png" alt="" />
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p class="img mt-10">图5.5 摆动式液压缸结构简图、图形符号和实物图</p>
                    <p class="img mb-10">1—定子块;2—缸体;3—摆动轴;4—叶片</p>
                    <p class="center">
                        <math display="0">
                            <mi>ω</mi>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <msub>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>8</mn>
                                        <mi>q</mi>
                                        <mi>η</mi>
                                    </mrow>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mn>v</mn>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>z</mi>
                                    <mi>b</mi>
                                    <mn>(</mn>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mi>D</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mo>2</mo>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msup>
                                    <mn>-</mn>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mi>d</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mo>2</mo>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msup>
                                    <mn>)</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                        </math>
                    </p>
                    <p class="right-info">(5.10)</p>
                    <p class="center">
                        <math display="0">
                            <mi>T</mi>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>z</mi>
                                    <mi>b</mi>
                                </mrow>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>8</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <mn>(</mn>
                            <msup>
                                <mi>D</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <mn>-</mn>
                            <msup>
                                <mi>d</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <mn>)</mn>
                            <mn>(</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>1</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>-</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>2</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>)</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>η</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>m</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>
                    </p>
                    <p class="right-info">(5.11)</p>
                    <p class="left">式中 <span class="italic">q</span>——进入摆动缸流量(m<span class="super">3</span>/s);</p>
                    <p class="content td-3"> <span class="italic">η</span><span class="sub">V</span>——摆动缸容积效率;</p>
                    <p class="content td-3"> <span class="italic">b</span>——叶片宽度(m);</p>
                    <p class="content td-3"> <span class="italic">z</span>——叶片数;</p>
                    <p class="content td-3"> <span class="italic">D</span>——缸筒直径(m);</p>
                    <p class="content td-3"> <span class="italic">d</span>——摆动轴直径(m);</p>
                    <p class="content td-3"> <span class="italic">p</span><span class="sub">1</span>——进油压力(Pa);</p>
                    <p class="content td-3"> <span class="italic">p</span><span class="sub">2</span>——回油压力(Pa);</p>
                    <p class="content td-3"> <span class="italic">η</span><span class="sub">m</span>——摆动缸机械效率。</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- 86页 -->
        <div class="page-box mt-20" page="7">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(7) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li>·86·</li>
                    <li class="headerText">液&ensp;压&ensp;传&ensp;动</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <div class="img-rights w200 openImgBox">
                        <img src="../../assets/images/Figure-0007-01.jpg" alt="" />
                        <p class="img">图5.6 例题5.4附图</p>
                    </div>
                    <span>
                        <p class="content">
                            考虑叶片和定子块所占用的角度,单叶片摆动式液压缸的摆动角一般不超过280°。双叶片摆动式液压缸的摆动角一般不超过150°。当输入压力和流量不变时,双叶片摆动式液压缸输出转矩是单叶片摆动式液压缸的2倍,而摆动角速度则是单叶片摆动缸的1/2。
                        </p>
                        <p class="content">
                            摆动式液压缸结构紧凑,输出转矩大,但密封困难,一般只用于低中压系统中做往复摆动、转位或间歇运动的工作场合。
                        </p>
                        <p class="content"><span class="bold">【例5.4】</span> 如图5.6所示单叶片摆动式液压缸,供油压力<span
                                class="italic">p</span><span class="sub">1</span> =10 MPa,流量<span
                                class="italic">q</span> =25 L/min,回油压力<span class="italic">p</span><span
                                class="sub">2</span> =0.5 MPa,缸体内孔半径<span class="italic">R</span> =100 mm,摆动轴半径<span
                                class="italic">r</span> =40 mm,若输出轴的角速度<span class="italic">ω</span> =0.7
                            rad/s。在不考虑摆动式液压缸的容积效率和机械效率时,求摆动式液压缸的叶片宽度和输出扭矩各是多少?</p>
                        <p class="content"><span class="bold">解</span> (1)求摆动式液压缸叶片宽度<span
                                class="italic">b</span>。根据叶片摆动式液压缸角速度公式(5.10)(这里叶片数<span class="italic">z</span>
                            =1),经变化后可得</p>
                    </span>
                    <p class="center mt-10 mb-10">
                        <math display="0">
                            <mi>b</mi>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>8</mn>
                                    <mi>q</mi>
                                </mrow>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mi>ω</mi>
                                    <mn>(</mn>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mi>D</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mo>2</mo>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msup>
                                    <mn>-</mn>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mi>d</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mo>2</mo>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msup>
                                    <mn>)</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>8</mn>
                                    <mo>×</mo>
                                    <mn>25</mn>
                                    <mo>×</mo>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mn>10</mn>
                                        <mn>-3</mn>
                                    </msup>
                                </mrow>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>0.7</mn>
                                    <mn>×</mn>
                                    <mn>[</mn>
                                    <mn>(</mn>
                                    <mn>2</mn>
                                    <mn>×</mn>
                                    <mn>0.1</mn>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mn>)</mn>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mo>2</mo>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msup>
                                    <mn>-</mn>
                                    <mn>(</mn>
                                    <mn>2</mn>
                                    <mn>×</mn>
                                    <mn>0.04</mn>
                                    <msup>
                                        <mn>)</mn>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mo>2</mo>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msup>
                                    <mn>]</mn>
                                    <mn>×</mn>
                                    <mn>60</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mo>0.142</mo>
                            <mn>(</mn>
                            <mo>m</mo>
                            <mn>)</mn>
                        </math>
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">(2)求摆动式液压缸输出扭矩。根据公式(5.11),可得</p>
                    <p class="center mt-10 mb-10">
                        <math display="0">
                            <mi>T</mi>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mi>b</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>8</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <mn>(</mn>
                            <msup>
                                <mi>D</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <mn>-</mn>
                            <msup>
                                <mi>d</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <mn>)</mn>
                            <mn>(</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>1</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>-</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mn>2</mn>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>)</mn>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <mo>0.142</mo>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>8</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <mn>(</mn>
                            <msup>
                                <mi>0.2</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <mn>-</mn>
                            <msup>
                                <mi>0.08</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <mn>)</mn>
                            <mn>(</mn>
                            <mn>10</mn>
                            <mn>-</mn>
                            <mn>0.5</mn>
                            <mn>)</mn>
                            <mn>×</mn>
                            <msup>
                                <mi>10</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>6</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msup>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mo>5665.8</mo>
                            <mn>(</mn>
                            <mo>N</mo>
                            <mn>·</mn>
                            <mo>m</mo>
                            <mn>)</mn>
                        </math>
                    </p>
                    <p class="content">答:摆动式液压缸的叶片宽度<span class="italic">b</span> =0.142 m,输出扭矩<span
                            class="italic">T</span> =5 665.8 N·m。</p>
                    <p class="titleQuot-1">5.1.4 组合式液压缸</p>
                    <p class="content">上述为液压缸的三种基本形式。为了满足特定的需要,这三种液压缸和机械传动机构还可以分别组合成特种液压缸。</p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">1.增压液压缸</p>
                    <p class="content">增压液压缸又称增压器。它能将输入的低压油转变为高压油供液压系统中的高压支路使用。增压液压缸结构简图和实物图如图5.7所示。它由面积不同(分别为<span
                            class="italic">A</span><span class="sub">1</span>和<span class="italic">A</span><span
                            class="sub">2</span>)的两个液压缸串联而成,大液压缸为原动液压缸,小液压缸为输出液压缸。设输入原动液压缸的输入压力为<span
                            class="italic">p</span><span class="sub">1</span>,输出液压缸的出油压力为<span
                            class="italic">p</span><span class="sub">2</span>,若不计摩擦力,根据力平衡关系,可有如下等式</p>
                    <p class="center">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>
                    </p>
                    <p class="left">整理得</p>
                    <p class="center">
                        <math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>A</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>1</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mrow>
                                    <msub>
                                        <mi>A</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mo>2</mo>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msub>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>
                    </p>
                    <p class="right-info">(5.12)</p>
                    <p class="left">式中,比值<span class="italic">A</span><span class="sub">1</span>/<span
                            class="italic">A</span><span class="sub">2</span>(或<span class="italic">D</span><span
                            class="super">2</span><span class="sub">1</span>/<span class="italic">D</span><span
                            class="super">2</span><span class="sub">2</span>)称为增压比。由式(5.12)可知,当<span
                            class="italic">D</span><span class="sub">1</span> =2<span class="italic">D</span><span
                            class="sub">2</span>时,<span class="italic">p</span><span class="sub">2</span> =4<span
                            class="italic">p</span><span class="sub">1</span>,即增压4倍。</p>
                    <p class="content">另外,增压液压缸也可称为定变压比的液压缸式液压变压器,其变压比<span class="italic">λ</span>为</p>
                    <p class="center"><math display="0">
                            <mi>λ</mi>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>p</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>1</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mrow>
                                    <msub>
                                        <mi>p</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mo>2</mo>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msub>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                            <mn>=</mn>
                            <mfrac>
                                <msub>
                                    <mi>A</mi>
                                    <mrow>
                                        <mo>1</mo>
                                    </mrow>
                                </msub>
                                <mrow>
                                    <msub>
                                        <mi>A</mi>
                                        <mrow>
                                            <mo>2</mo>
                                        </mrow>
                                    </msub>
                                </mrow>
                            </mfrac>
                        </math></p>
                    <p class="right-info">(5.13)</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
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        <div class="page-box mt-20" page="8">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(8) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li class="headerText">第 5 章 液 &ensp;压 &ensp;缸</li>
                    <li>·87·</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <div class="fl jc-sb al-fe openImgBox center mt-10">
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0008-01-01.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0008-01-02.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0008-01-03.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p class="img">图5.7 增压液压缸结构简图和实物图</p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">2.多级液压缸</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        多级液压缸又称伸缩液压缸,它由两级或多级活塞式液压缸套装而成,其结构简图和实物图如图5.8所示。前一级液压缸的活塞就是后一级液压缸的缸筒,活塞伸出的顺序是从大活塞到小活塞,相应的推力也是从大到小,而伸出的速度则是由慢到快。空载缩回的顺序一般是从小活塞到大活塞,收缩后液压缸总长度较短,占用空间较小,结构紧凑。多级液压缸适用于工程机械和其他行走机械,如起重机伸缩臂液压缸、自卸汽车举升液压缸等都是多级液压缸。
                    </p>
                    <div class="fl jc-sb al-fe openImgBox center mt-10">
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0008-02-01.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0008-02-02.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0008-02-03.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p class="img">图5.8 多级液压缸结构简图和实物图</p>
                    <p class="poemtitle-l">3.齿条活塞式液压缸</p>
                    <p class="content">
                        齿条活塞式液压缸由带有齿条杆的双活塞液压缸和齿轮齿条机构组成,其结构简图和实物图如图5.9所示。活塞往复运动经齿轮齿条机构变成齿轮轴往复转动,它多用于自动线、组合机床等转位或分度机构中。
                    </p>
                    <div class="fl jc-sb al-fe openImgBox center mt-10">
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0008-03-01.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0008-03-02.png" alt="" />
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p class="img">图5.9 齿条活塞式液压缸结构简图和实物图</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
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            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(9) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li>·88·</li>
                    <li class="headerText">液&ensp;压&ensp;传&ensp;动</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="dialogQuestion">
                        <span class="td-0">
                            <svg t="1717640665152" class="icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1"
                                xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#fff" p-id="11009" width="25.098"
                                height="24.098">
                                <path
                                    d="M896.152 336.108l0 576.229c0 26.511-21.508 48.019-48.018 48.019L175.866 960.356c-26.511 0-48.019-21.508-48.019-48.019L127.847 112.019c0-26.511 21.508-48.019 48.019-48.019l448.179 0c26.512 0 63.527 15.508 82.031 34.013l156.064 156.064C880.645 272.582 896.152 309.597 896.152 336.108zM832.127 384.127 624.045 384.127c-26.512 0-48.02-21.508-48.02-48.019L576.025 128.025 191.873 128.025l0 768.306 640.254 0L832.127 384.127zM335.93 448.153l352.14 0c9.004 0 16.006 7.003 16.006 16.006l0 32.013c0 9.003-7.002 16.007-16.006 16.007L335.93 512.179c-9.003 0-16.006-7.003-16.006-16.007l0-32.013C319.924 455.156 326.927 448.153 335.93 448.153zM704.076 592.21l0 32.013c0 9.004-7.002 16.007-16.006 16.007L335.93 640.23c-9.003 0-16.006-7.003-16.006-16.007L319.924 592.21c0-9.003 7.003-16.006 16.006-16.006l352.14 0C697.074 576.204 704.076 583.207 704.076 592.21zM704.076 720.262l0 32.013c0 9.003-7.002 16.006-16.006 16.006L335.93 768.281c-9.003 0-16.006-7.003-16.006-16.006l0-32.013c0-9.004 7.003-16.007 16.006-16.007l352.14 0C697.074 704.255 704.076 711.258 704.076 720.262zM640.051 320.102l188.076 0c-3.002-8.505-7.502-17.009-11.002-20.511L660.563 143.029c-3.502-3.501-12.006-8-20.512-11.003L640.051 320.102z"
                                    p-id="11010"></path>
                            </svg>
                        </span>
                        <span class="td-0 pd-0">思考题和习题</span>
                    </p>
                    <p class="fs-19">
                        5.1 已知单桥活塞式液压缸缸简直径 <span class="italic">D</span>=100 mm,活塞杆直径<span class="italic">d</span>=50
                        mm,工作压力<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>=2 MPa,流最为 q=10 L/min,回油背压力为<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>=0.5 MPa,求活塞往复运动时各自的推力和运动速度。
                    </p>
                    <div class="mt-10 mb-10">
                        <TEditorVue :value="questionData[0].userAnswer" :disabled="questionData[0].isComplete"
                            @getContent="
                                (val) => {
                                    questionData[0].userAnswer = val;
                                }
                            " />
                    </div>
                    <p class="fs-19">
                        5.2 已知单杆活塞式液压缸缸筒直径 D=50 mm,活塞杆直径d=35 mm,泵供油流量为q=10
                        /min,在不考虑其他损失时,求:(1)液压缸差动连接时的运动速度;(2)若缸在差动阶段所能克服的外负载F=1000N,缸内油液压力有多大?
                    </p>
                    <div class="mt-10 mb-10">
                        <TEditorVue :value="questionData[1].userAnswer" :disabled="questionData[1].isComplete"
                            @getContent="
                                (val) => {
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                                }
                            " />
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
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        <div class="page-box mt-20" page="10">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(10) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li class="headerText">第 5 章 液 &ensp;压 &ensp;缸</li>
                    <li>·89·</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="fs-19">
                        5.3 一柱塞缸柱塞固定,缸筒运动,从空心柱塞中通人压力油,压力为p,流量为q,缸简直径为 D,柱塞外径为 d,空心柱塞内孔直径为山,在不考虑其他损失时,求柱塞缸所产生
                        的推力和运动速度。
                    </p>
                    <div class="mt-10 mb-10">
                        <TEditorVue :value="questionData[2].userAnswer" :disabled="questionData[2].isComplete"
                            @getContent="
                                (val) => {
                                    questionData[2].userAnswer = val;
                                }
                            " />
                    </div>
                    <p class="fs-19">
                        5.4 如图 5.20 所示,液压泵的铭牌参数为 q=18 /min,p=6.3 MPa,设单杆活塞式液压缸活塞直径 D=90 mm,活塞杆直径 d=60
                        mm,在不计管路压力和液压缸机械损失且负载F=28 000 N时,求在各图示情况下压力表的指示压力是多少(<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>=2 MPa)?
                    </p>
                    <div class="mt-10 center">
                        <img class="w80" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0017-04.jpg" alt="" />
                    </div>
                    <p class="img">图 5·20</p>
                    <div class="mt-10 mb-10">
                        <TEditorVue :value="questionData[3].userAnswer" :disabled="questionData[3].isComplete"
                            @getContent="
                                (val) => {
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                            " />
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
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            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(11) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li>·90·</li>
                    <li class="headerText">液&ensp;压&ensp;传&ensp;动</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="fs-19">
                        5.5 如图5.21所示的串联液压缸,有效作用面积分别是<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>和<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>,两活塞杆的外负载分别是<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>F</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>,和<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>F</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>,在不计损失的情况下,求压力<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>、<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>p</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>,和运动速度<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>和<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>各是多少?
                    </p>
                    <div class="mt-10 center">
                        <img class="img-b" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0018-01.jpg" alt="" />
                    </div>
                    <p class="img">图 5·21</p>
                    <div class="mt-10 mb-10">
                        <TEditorVue :value="questionData[4].userAnswer" :disabled="questionData[5].isComplete"
                            @getContent="
                                (val) => {
                                    questionData[4].userAnswer = val;
                                }
                            " />
                    </div>
                    <p class="fs-19">
                        5.6 如图5.22 所示的并联液压缸中,有效作用面积<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>=<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>A</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>,外负载<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>F</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>><math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>F</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>,液压泵的供油流量为<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>q</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>p</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>,当液压缸2的活塞运动时,求运动速度<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>1</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>、<math display="0">
                            <msub>
                                <mi>v</mi>
                                <mrow>
                                    <mo>2</mo>
                                </mrow>
                            </msub>
                        </math>和液压泵的出口压力<math display="0">
                            <mi>p</mi>
                        </math>各是多少?
                    </p>
                    <div class="mt-10 center">
                        <img class="img-b" src="../../assets//images/Figure-0018-02.jpg" alt="" />
                    </div>
                    <p class="img">图 5·22</p>
                    <div class="mt-10 mb-10">
                        <TEditorVue :value="questionData[5].userAnswer" :disabled="questionData[5].isComplete"
                            @getContent="
                                (val) => {
                                    questionData[5].userAnswer = val;
                                }
                            " />
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- 91页 -->
        <div class="page-box mt-20" page="12">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(12) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li class="headerText">第 5 章 液 &ensp;压 &ensp;缸</li>
                    <li>·91·</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                    <p class="fs-19">
                        5.7 设计一单杆活塞式液压缸,要求快进时为差动连接,快进和快退(有杆腔进油)时的速度均为6 m/mi。工进时(无杆腔进油,非差动连接)可驱动的负载为F=25 000 N,取工作压力p =5
                        MPa,回油背压力为 0.25 MPa,选用额定压力为 6.3 MPa,额定流量为25
                        L/min的液压泵,求:
                    </p>
                    <p class="fs-19">(1)液压缸缸筒内径和活塞杆直径各是多少?</p>
                    <div class="mt-10 mb-10">
                        <TEditorVue :value="questionData[6].userAnswer" :disabled="questionData[6].isComplete"
                            @getContent="
                                (val) => {
                                    questionData[6].userAnswer = val;
                                }
                            " />
                    </div>
                    <p class="fs-19">(2)液压缸缸筒壁厚(缸筒材料选用无缝钢管)是多少?</p>
                    <div class="mt-10 mb-10">
                        <TEditorVue :value="questionData[7].userAnswer" :disabled="questionData[7].isComplete"
                            @getContent="
                                (val) => {
                                    questionData[7].userAnswer = val;
                                }
                            " />
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- 92页 -->
        <!-- <div class="page-box mt-20" page="13">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(13) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li>·92·</li>
                    <li class="headerText">液&ensp;压&ensp;传&ensp;动</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle"></div>
            </div>
        </div> -->
        <!-- 93页 -->
        <!-- <div class="page-box mt-20" page="14">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(14) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li class="headerText">第 5 章 液 &ensp;压 &ensp;缸</li>
                    <li>·93·</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle"></div>
            </div>
        </div> -->
        <!-- 94页 -->
        <!-- <div class="page-box mt-20" page="15">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(15) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li>·94·</li>
                    <li class="headerText">液&ensp;压&ensp;传&ensp;动</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle"></div>
            </div>
        </div> -->
        <!-- 95页 -->
        <!-- <div class="page-box mt-20" page="16">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(16) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li class="headerText">第 5 章 液 &ensp;压 &ensp;缸</li>
                    <li>·95·</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle"></div>
            </div>
        </div> -->
        <!-- 96页 -->
        <!-- <div class="page-box mt-20" page="17">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(17) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li>·96·</li>
                    <li class="headerText">液&ensp;压&ensp;传&ensp;动</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle"></div>
            </div>
        </div> -->
        <!-- 97页 -->
        <!-- <div class="page-box mt-20" page="18">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(18) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li class="headerText">第 5 章 液 &ensp;压 &ensp;缸</li>
                    <li>·97·</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle"></div>
            </div>
        </div> -->
        <!-- 98页 -->
        <!-- <div class="page-box mt-20" page="5">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(5) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li>·84·</li>
                    <li class="headerText">液&ensp;压&ensp;传&ensp;动</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
                </div>
            </div>
        </div> -->
        <!-- 97页 -->
        <!-- <div class="page-box mt-20" page="18">
            <div v-if="showPageList.indexOf(18) > -1">
                <ul class="header-left">
                    <li class="headerText">第 5 章 液 &ensp;压 &ensp;缸</li>
                    <li>·97·</li>
                </ul>
                <div class="bodystyle">
 
                </div>
            </div>
        </div> -->
    </div>
</template>
<script>
import { getResourcePath } from "@/assets/methods/resources";
import { getCollectResource, setCollectResource } from "@/assets/methods/resources";
import TEditorVue from "@/components/teditor/index.vue";
export default {
    name: "chapterOne",
    components: { TEditorVue },
    props: {
        showPageList: {
            type: Array,
        },
    },
    data() {
        return {
            collectImg: require("../../assets/images/icon/heart.png"),
            collectCheck: require("../../assets/images/icon/heart-check.png"),
            videoPathOne: "",
            collectResourceList: [],
            chapterData: {
                isCollectVideo: false,
            },
            showAnswerOne: false,
            showAnswerTwo: false,
            showAnswerThree: false,
            showAnswerFour: false,
            questionData: [
                {
                    isComplet: false,
                    userAnswer: "",
                },
                {
                    isComplet: false,
                    userAnswer: "",
                },
                {
                    isComplet: false,
                    userAnswer: "",
                },
                {
                    isComplet: false,
                    userAnswer: "",
                },
                {
                    isComplet: false,
                    userAnswer: "",
                },
 
                {
                    isComplet: false,
                    userAnswer: "",
                },
                {
                    isComplet: false,
                    userAnswer: "",
                },
                {
                    isComplet: false,
                    userAnswer: "",
                },
            ]
        };
    },
    async mounted() {
        this.getVidoePath();
        this.collectResourceList = await getCollectResource(this.config.activeBook.bookId)
    },
    methods: {
        async getVidoePath() {
            this.videoPathOne = await getResourcePath(
                "9b566a3e055c0e59933c2141a6837604"
            );
        },
        handleCollect(e) {
            if (e == 'video-01') {
                this.handleCollectResource("9b566a3e055c0e59933c2141a6837604", "9b566a3e055c0e59933c2141a6837604", '', "视频", "bits", '视频:液压缸的分类与特点')
                this.chapterData.isCollectVideo = !this.chapterData.isCollectVideo
            }
        },
        //资源收藏事件
        // resourcePath  文件路径,
        // resourceType  文件类型
        // source        文件来源
        handleCollectResource(id, md5, resourcePath, resourceType, source, resourceName) {
            let list = this.collectResourceList
            if (list.findIndex(item => item.id == id) > -1) {
                list = list.filter(item => item.id != id)
            } else {
                list.push({
                    id,
                    md5,
                    resourcePath,
                    resourceType,
                    source,
                    resourceName,
                })
            }
            this.collectResourceList = list
            setCollectResource(this.config.activeBook.bookId, this.collectResourceList)
        },
 
    }
};
</script>
 
<style lang="less" scoped></style>